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Lec 62 SQL Overview

A database is an organized electronic collection of data, structured for easy retrieval, management, and updating, with key features including structured storage, consistency, integrity, and scalability. A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that facilitates the creation and management of databases, allowing users to interact with data securely and consistently. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) store data in tables and utilize relationships between them, while SQL is the standardized language used for managing and manipulating data within these databases.

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4 views2 pages

Lec 62 SQL Overview

A database is an organized electronic collection of data, structured for easy retrieval, management, and updating, with key features including structured storage, consistency, integrity, and scalability. A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that facilitates the creation and management of databases, allowing users to interact with data securely and consistently. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) store data in tables and utilize relationships between them, while SQL is the standardized language used for managing and manipulating data within these databases.

Uploaded by

koulibalyhamam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question) What is a Database?

A database is an organized collection of data that is stored and accessed


electronically.
Think of it as a digital filing system where information is stored in a structured
way,
making it easy to retrieve, manage, and update.

1) Structured Storage:
Data is stored in a specific format, often in tables with rows and columns, making
it easy to query and analyze.

2) Consistency: The data stored is consistent, meaning that the same type of data
is stored in the same way across the database.

3) Integrity: Data integrity ensures that the data is accurate and reliable.

4) Scalability: Databases can grow in size, handling more data without performance
issues.

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Question) What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that allows users to create,


manage, and interact with databases. It acts as an intermediary between the user
and the database, enabling users to easily retrieve, insert, update, and delete
data while ensuring that the data is secure and consistent.

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Question) What is Relational Database Management System (DBMS)?

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. It is a type of database


management system (DBMS) that stores data in a structured format, using rows and
columns, which are organized into tables. The key feature of an RDBMS is that it
uses relationships (or links) between tables to manage and query data efficiently.

Here are some key points about RDBMS:

a) Tables: Data is stored in tables, where each table consists of rows (records)
and columns (attributes).

b) Primary Key: Each table typically has a primary key, a unique identifier for
each row in the table.

c) Foreign Key: Relationships between tables are established using foreign keys,
which are fields in one table that refer to the primary key in another table.
SQL (Structured Query Language): RDBMS systems use SQL for querying, updating, and
managing the data.

d) Normalization: RDBMSs often involve the normalization process, which organizes


data to minimize redundancy and dependency.
Examples of popular RDBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and
Oracle Database.
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Question) What is SQL ?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standardized programming language used to


manage and manipulate relational databases. It is the primary language used for
querying, inserting, updating, and deleting data in relational databases, as well
as for creating and modifying the database structure itself.

Here are the key components of SQL:

1) Data Query Language (DQL): Used to query data from the database.
The most common command is SELECT.

2) Data Manipulation Language (DML): Used to insert, update, and delete data.

3) Data Definition Language (DDL): Used to define or alter the structure of the
database, such as creating, altering, or dropping tables.

4) Data Control Language (DCL): Used to control access to the data, like granting
and revoking permissions.

5) Transaction Control Language (TCL): Used to manage transactions in the database,


ensuring data integrity.

COMMIT; (saves all changes made in the current transaction)


ROLLBACK; (undoes all changes made in the current transaction)

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