Sanjay Ramaiya - RM
Sanjay Ramaiya - RM
Submitted by
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
(AUTONOMOUS)
COIMBATORE-641105
DECEMBER 2024
1
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3
INTERNSHIPCERTIFICATE & DETAILS
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 6
1 INTRODUCTION 7
1. MOTIVATION
2. OBJECTIVE OF INTERNSHIP
3. ROLE OF HTML
2
LITERATURE SURVEY 10
3
INTRODUCTION TO HTML 11
1. TEXT FORMATTING
1. FORM STRUCTURE
2. DROPDOWN LISTS
5
DATAVISUALIZATION 19
1. CREATING TABLES
2. EMBEDDING MULTIMEDIA
6 INTRODUCTION TO CSS
8 FINAL PROJECT 24
CONCLUSION 31
9
10 REFERENCES 32
5
ABSTRACT
Further, the report examines the practical applications of web development within real-
world projects undertaken during the internship. It details the systematic process of
developing scalable and visually engaging websites, emphasizing the importance of
code optimization, debugging, and performance tuning. Case studies from the
internship illustrate the strategic implementation of best practices, fostering seamless
user experiences and meeting client specifications.
Additionally, the report evaluates the significance of version control systems like Git,
collaborative workflows, and iterative development in achieving project milestones
efficiently. It underscores the value of mentorship and feedback in honing technical
skills and broadening the understanding of industry standards.
This internship report not only highlights the technical proficiency gained but also
reflects on the broader professional development, including the cultivation of problem-
solving abilities, adaptability, and a growth mindset essential for thriving in the
dynamic field of web development.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Web development is a cornerstone of the digital age, transforming how individuals and
organizations interact with technology and access information. It involves the creation,
design, and maintenance of websites and applications, combining aesthetics,
functionality, and user experience to deliver seamless digital interactions. Leveraging
programming languages, frameworks, and advanced tools, web development enables the
design of visually appealing and highly interactive platforms tailored to diverse needs.
As a rapidly evolving field, it is driven by innovations such as responsive design,
progressive web applications, and AI-driven functionalities, ensuring websites remain
efficient, secure, and accessible across devices. Web development bridges the gap
between creativity and technology, empowering businesses to establish a robust online
presence, enhance user engagement, and streamline operations. From crafting e-
commerce platforms to building educational portals, it plays a pivotal role in shaping
digital solutions that address the dynamic demands of modern society, fostering
innovation, communication, and growth in an interconnected world.
1.1 MOTIVATION
The motivation behind pursuing web development lies in the recognition that websites
and web applications are essential tools for communication, commerce, and
innovation in the digital age. In a rapidly advancing technological landscape,
organizations are motivated to adopt web development practices to enhance their
online presence and meet evolving user expectations.
Web development provides the means to create dynamic, responsive, and user- friendly
platforms that bridge the gap between businesses and their audiences. Companies are
driven by the need to engage customers, streamline operations, and offer seamless
experiences that align with their strategic objectives.
The flexibility and scalability of modern web technologies motivate businesses to
innovate and adapt to changing market demands. By leveraging
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frameworks, libraries, and cloud-based solutions, organizations can rapidly develop
and deploy solutions that address real-time challenges and opportunities. This
adaptability is critical in a digital-first world where competition is fierce, and user
expectations are ever-growing.
Additionally, the motivation to excel in web development stems from the desire to
remain competitive and future-proof. As technology continues to evolve, businesses
invest in web development to explore emerging trends such as Progressive Web
Apps (PWAs), headless architecture, and serverless computing. These innovations
not only enhance user experiences but also optimize resource utilization and
scalability.
Furthermore, the increasing availability of development tools, APIs, and
collaborative platforms motivates developers to push the boundaries of creativity
and efficiency. The rise of artificial intelligence and automation in web
development has opened doors to smarter workflows, faster delivery, and more
personalized user experiences. These advancements drive a deeper commitment to
mastering web development as a key enabler of success in the digital economy.
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of web development initiatives through innovative and efficient coding practices.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
The field of web development has seen rapid advancements, driven by technological
innovations and changing user needs. HTML, the foundational language for structuring
web content, has evolved significantly over time. HTML5, the latest version,
introduced new semantic elements, multimedia support, and better mobile
responsiveness, making it essential for modern web applications. Research by the W3C
emphasizes HTML5’s importance in creating accessible, cross-platform web
experiences.
CSS, the language responsible for styling web pages, has also advanced with the
introduction of CSS Grid and Flexbox. These tools allow for more flexible and
responsive layouts, improving the user experience across devices. Studies highlight the
growing need for responsive design, ensuring a seamless browsing experience on
various screen sizes.
JavaScript remains a core technology in web development, particularly with the rise of
libraries and frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue.js. These frameworks enable
the development of dynamic, single-page applications (SPAs) that offer a smoother
user experience. Research by web development experts such as Addy Osmani indicates
that these tools help developers manage complex projects more efficiently through
component-based architectures.
On the backend, Node.js has gained popularity for its ability to handle asynchronous
requests, supporting scalable applications. Serverless computing, powered by platforms
like AWS Lambda, offers flexibility and cost savings, making it an attractive option for
developers.
With growing concerns about web security, the adoption of best practices such as
HTTPS and data encryption has become essential to protect user data and ensure secure
browsing. Understanding these key technologies and methodologies is fundamental for
building effective and user-friendly web applications.
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CHAPTER 3
HTMLElements
Example:
'"html
<h1>This is a Heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is a Heading 2</h2>
- Paragraphs are used for regular text. You enclose text in '<p>' tags.
Example:
'''html
<p>This is a paragraph of text. It can be as long as you want.</p>
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- In HTML, lists are used to group related items together, enhancing the organization
and readability of content. There are two main types of lists: ordered lists (<ol>) and
unordered lists (<ul>). An ordered list is used when the sequence or order of the items
matters, such as in step-by-step instructions or rankings. Each item within the ordered
list is defined using the <li> (list item) tag, and the list is automatically numbered by
the browser. On the other hand, an unordered list is used when the order of the items is
not important, such as in a list of features or ingredients. In this case, the items are
typically displayed with bullet points rather than numbers. Both types of lists help
structure content, making it easier for users to read and follow. Additionally, lists can
be nested within each other to create more complex structures, providing further
flexibility in organizing content. Proper use of ordered and unordered lists ensures a
clear and visually appealing presentation of information.
Example:
'''html
<ol>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Second item</li>
</ol>
'''html
<ul>
<li>Apples</li>
<li>Bananas</li>
</ul>
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3.3 LINKS AND IMAGES
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Example:
'''html
<a href=Mhttps://www.example.comM>Visit Example.com</a>
- Comments are notes for you and others; they don't show on the webpage.
-Wrap comments with '<!--' at the start and '-->' at the end.
Example:
'''html
<!-- This is a comment. It won't appear on the page. -->
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CHAPTER 4
CREATING FORMS
HTML forms are essential elements for collecting user input on web pages, enabling
interaction between the user and the website. Forms are defined using the <form> tag,
which serves as a container for various input elements such as text fields, radio
buttons, checkboxes, and submit buttons. The action attribute specifies the URL where
the form data should be sent for processing, while the method attribute defines how the
data is submitted (typically using GET or POST methods).
The most common input elements include the <input> tag, which can be used for
various types of data, such as text, email, password, and numbers. Other form
elements like <textarea> are used to gather multi-line text input, while <select> and
<option> tags allow users to choose from predefined options in a dropdown list. Each
input element can have associated attributes, such as placeholder for hints or required
to ensure that specific fields are filled before submission.
Buttons, such as the <button> or <input type-’submit'’>, are used to trigger form
submissions. Additionally, forms can include validation attributes like minlength,
maxlength, and pattern, ensuring that the user input meets specific criteria before
being submitted. JavaScript can also be used to enhance form functionality, enabling
real-time validation and providing feedback to users without needing to reload the
page.
HTML forms are crucial for creating interactive web applications, allowing users to
submit data for purposes like registration, login, searching, or feedback. Properly
designing and validating forms ensures data integrity, improves user experience, and
enhances the overall functionality of web pages. Moreover, integrating secure
practices like SSL encryption for form submissions helps protect sensitive
information.
HTML forms allow users to input data, and they are an essential part of many
websites. In this chapter, we will explore how to create and use HTML forms. Let's
break it down into simple language and examples:
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4.1 FORM STRUCTURE
A form is like a container for various input elements. It's created using the
'<form>' element. Here's how you make a basic form:
'''html
<form>
</form>
Text input fields are where users can type text. You define them using the
'<input>' element with the 'type' attribute set to "text".
Here's an example:
'''html
<form>
<label for="username">Username:</label>
</form>
In this example, the 'label' element provides a label for the input field. The 'for'
attribute links it to the 'id' of the input element for accessibility.
Radio Buttons and Checkboxes:
Radio buttons and checkboxes allow users to choose options. Radio buttons let users
select one option from a list, while checkboxes allow multiple selections.
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Here's an example of radio buttons and checkboxes:
'''html
<form>
<label for="male">Male</label>
<label for="female">Female</label>
<label for="reading">Reading</label>
<label for="cooking">Cooking</label>
</form>
Dropdown lists let users choose from a list of options. Use the '<select>' element to
create the dropdown and '<option>' elements for each option:
'''html
<form>
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<option value="canada">Canada</option>
</select>
</form>
Text areas are for longer text inputs like comments or messages.
Here's an example:
'''html
<form>
<label for="comments">Comments:</label>
</form>
'''html
<form>
</form>
When the user clicks the "Submit Form" button, the data from the form is sent to a
server for processing.
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CHAPTER 5
DATAVISUALIZATION
19
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data 1 </td>
<td>Data 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
Table data cells (<td>) : Table data cells contain the actual data within the table. You
use the '<td>' element inside a row to create a data cell.
Example:
'''html
<table>
<tr>
<th>Header 1 </th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data 1 </td>
<td>Data 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
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Example:
'''html
<table>
<caption>Monthly Expenses</caption>
<tr>
<th>Category</th>
<th>Amount</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rent</td>
<td>$800</td>
</tr>
</table>
In summary, HTML tables are used to organize data into rows and columns. You
create tables using '<table>', organize data into rows with '<tr>', label columns or
rows using '<th>', and place actual data in cells with '<td>'. You can also provide a
title or description for the table using the '<caption>' element. Tables are a
fundamental part of displaying structured information on a web page.
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Example for video:
'''html
</video>
Embedding iframes:
An iframe is like a little window on your webpage that can display content from
another website, like Google Maps.
Example:
'''html
<iframe
src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=! 1m18! 1m12! 1m3!1d2530...">
Your browser does not support iframes.
</iframe>
These features help make your website interactive and engaging. Hyperlinks connect
information, and multimedia content like audio, video, and iframes bring your web
pages to life. It's like adding the finishing touches to your website to make it
informative and fun for your visitors.
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CHAPTER 6
INTRODUCTION TO CSS
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a styling language used to control the visual
presentation of HTML elements. It allows developers to define the layout, colors,
fonts, spacing, and positioning of content on a web page, making it an essential tool
for creating visually appealing, well-structured, and responsive websites. By
separating the content (HTML) from the design (CSS), developers can ensure
consistent styling across multiple pages and improve the overall user experience.
CSS also supports advanced features like animations, transitions, and media queries,
enhancing interactivity and adaptability to different screensizes.
6.1 BASIC CSS STYLING
You can make your lists look more appealing by applying some basic CSS styles.
For example, you can change the font, color, or spacing of your list items.
'''html
<style>
ul {
'''html
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- External CSS is stored in a separate CSS file and linked to the HTML
document. It helps maintain consistency and makes your code cleaner.
'''html
CSS classes and IDs allow you to target specific elements for styling. You
define them in your HTML and then apply styles in your CSS file.
HTML:
'''html
CSS:
'''css
You define them with 'id' and apply styles using '#'.
HTML:
'''html
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CSS:
'''css
#unique-paragraph {
font-style: italic;
color: blue;
The CSS is an indispensable tool in web development, providing the means to create
aesthetically pleasing and functional designs. By allowing developers to control the
layout, typography, and responsiveness of web pages, CSS ensures that websites are
both visually engaging and user-friendly. With its ability to support advanced
features like animations, transitions, and responsive design, CSS plays a vital role in
enhancing the user experience across different devices and screen sizes. Its
flexibility and power make it a fundamental skill for web developers in building
modern, dynamic websites.
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CHAPTER 7
TASKS AND PRACTICE PROJECTS
HTML Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Simple Calculator</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="calculator">
<input type="text" class="display" id="display" readonly>
<div class="buttons">
<button onclick="clearDisplay()">C</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('7')">7</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('8')">8</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('9')">9</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('/')">/</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('4')">4</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('5')">5</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('6')">6</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('*')">x</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('1')">1</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('2')">2</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('3')">3</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('-')">-</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('0')">0</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('.')">.</button>
<button onclick="calculate()">=</button>
<button onclick="appendValue('+')">+</button>
</div>
</div>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
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CSS Code:
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-
serif;
background-color: #dfdff3;
margin: 0; padding: 0;
display: flex; justify-content:
center; align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
}
.calculator {
background-color:
#373668;
border-radius: 5px; box-
shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,
0, 0, 0.1); padding: 20px;
width: 300px;
}
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background-color:
#a2a1bf;
transition: background-color
0.3s;
}
button:hover {
background-color:
#e0e0e0;
}
JavaScript Code:
function
{
appendValue(value)
currentValue += value;
document.getElementById('di
splay').value = currentValue;
}
function clearDisplay() {
currentValue = '';
currentOperator = ''; result = '';
document.getElementById('di
splay').value = 'Error';
}
}
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Output :
CODE:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=Mpt-brM>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/main.css">
<!--responsividade-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/responsive.css">
<!--owl css-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/owl/owl.carousel.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/owl/owl.theme.default.min.css">
<title>NETFLIX CLONE</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
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<div class="container">
<h2 class="logo">NETFLIX</h2>
<nav>
<a href="#">Inicio</a>
<a href="#">Series</a>
<a href="#">Filmes</a>
<a href="#">Documentarios</a>
</nav>
</div>
</header>
<main>
<div class="filme-principal">
<div class="container">
<h3 class="titulo">HOUSE OF CARDS</h3>
<p class="descricao">Nada pode impedir o politico sem escrupulos Frank
Underwood de conquistar Washington. Assista agora a nova temporada de House of
Cards que esta imperdivel.</p>
<div class="botoes">
<button role="button" class="botao">
<i class="fas fa-play"></i>
ASSISTIR AGORA
</button>
<button role="button" class="botao">
<i class="fas fa-info-circle"></i>
MAIS INFORMAgOES
</button>
</div>
</div>
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</div>
</main>
<div class="carrosel-filmes">
<div class="owl-carousel owl-theme">
<div class="item">
M
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<img class-'box-filme" src=Mimg/mini9.jpgM alt="" srcset=MM>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img class="box-filme" src="img/mini10.jpg" alt="" srcset="">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/2c36e9b7b1.js"></script>
<script src="js/owl/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/owl/owl.carousel.min.js"></script>
<script src="j s/owl/setup.j s"></script>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT :
32
CHAPTER 8
FINAL PROJECT
CONNECT-FOUR GAME
HTML CODE:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=MenM>
<head>
<meta charset=MUTF-8M>
<meta http-equiv=MX-UA-CompatibleM content=MIE=edgeM>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-
scalable=no">
<title>Connect 4</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<script src="script.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="crdd">
<h1>Connect 4</h1>
<h2 id="winner"></h2>
<div id="board"></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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CSS CODE:
body {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-align: center;
color: rgb(255, 255, 255)}
.crdd{
background-color: rgb(67, 70, 83);
background-size: auto; height: 100vh;}
#board { height:
540px; width:
630px;
background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border:
10px solid navy; margin: 0 auto; display:
flex; flex-wrap: wrap;}
.tile {
height: 70px; width: 70px; margin: 5px;
background-color: white; border-radius:
50%; border: 5px solid navy;}
.red-piece {
background-color: red;}
.yellow-piece { background-
color: yellow;}
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JAVASCRIPTCODE :
board.push(row);
}
}
35
}
}
}
}
function setWinner(r, c) {
let winner = document.getElementById("winner"); if
(board[r][c] == playerRed) { winner.innerText =
"Red Wins";
} else {
winner.innerText = "Yellow Wins";
}
gameOver = true;
}
OUTPUT :
36
CHAPTER-8
CONCLUSION
37
CHAPTER 9
REFERENCES
Books:
1. Jon Duckett, HTML and CSS: Design and Build Websites:
[https: //www.htmlandcssbook.comKhttps: //www.htmlandcssbook.com)
Websites:
1. Mozilla Developer Network (MDN) - https://developer.mozilla.org/
2. W3Schools - https://www.w3schools.com/
3. CSS-Tricks - https://css-tricks.com/
4. FreeCodeCamp - https://www.freecodecamp.org/
5. Stack Overflow - https://stackoverflow.com/
Tutorial Platforms:
1. Udemy - https://www.udemy.com/
2. Coursera - https://www.coursera.org/
3. Codecademy - https://www.codecademy.com/
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