Introduction to Generative AI

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1. Introduction and Program Goals

●​ Key Topics to be Covered:​

○​ Definition of generative AI.

○​ Applications across industries.
○​ Practical aspects of building with generative AI.
●​ Example:​

○​ How ChatGPT (an AI language model) has revolutionized communication and

content creation.
●​ Resource:​

○​ ChatGPT

2. History and Types of AI

2.1 Historical Overview

●​ Origins:
○​ AI research began in the 1960s, laying the groundwork for decades of
development.
●​ Evolution of AI Types:
○​ Predictive AI:
■​ Function: Analyzes historical data to forecast future outcomes.
■​ Example: Weather forecasting, stock market predictions.
○​ Recommendation AI:
■​ Function: Suggests content or products based on user behavior.
 ■​ Example: YouTube video recommendations, Netflix movie
suggestions.
○​ Sorting and Classification AI:
■​ Function: Categorizes data automatically.
■​ Example: Email spam filters.
○​ Computer Vision:
■​ Function: Enables machines to interpret visual data.
■​ Example: Self-driving cars, facial recognition systems.
○​ Natural Language Processing (NLP):
■​ Function: Understands and processes human language.
■​ Example: Google Translate, voice assistants.
○​ Robotics:
■​ Function: Integrates AI with physical devices to perform tasks.
■​ Example: Boston Dynamics robots, Tesla’s Optimus robot.
○​ Expert Systems:
■​ Function: Specializes in one task using vast domain knowledge.
■​ Example: Deep Blue, the chess-playing supercomputer.
○​ Autonomous AI:
■​ Function: Operates independently, making real-time decisions.
■​ Example: Self-driving vehicles, AI-powered game players.
○​ AI for Analytics and Insights:
■​ Function: Processes large datasets to extract actionable insights.
○​ Conversational AI:
■​ Function: Enables interactive dialogue with users.
■​ Example: Chatbots, virtual assistants.
○​ Emotional AI:
■​ Function: Detects and responds to human emotions.
○​ Ethical and Explainable AI:
■​ Focus: Ensures AI decisions are transparent and ethical.
○​ Cyber AI:
■​ Function: Enhances cybersecurity through real-time threat detection.

3. The Rise of Generative AI

●​ Shift in Focus:
○​ Before 2020, AI was primarily used for predictions and analysis. Generative
AI has since shifted the focus to creating original content.
●​ Capabilities of Generative AI:
○​ Can perform tasks previously done exclusively by humans (e.g., creative
writing, design).
○​ Allows communication with computers in natural language—no programming
expertise is required.
●​ Impact:
○​ This accessibility has broadened AI adoption, enabling billions of people
worldwide to leverage its power.
 ●​ Example:
○​ Generative AI models like ChatGPT can generate articles, scripts, or code
based on natural language prompts.

4. Types of Generative AI
Generative AI is versatile and can produce various types of content:

●​ Text Generation:
○​ Example: ChatGPT generates coherent and contextually relevant text.
○​ Use Case: Writing articles, drafting emails, and generating reports.
●​ Image Generation:
○​ Example: Tools like DALL-E and Stable Diffusion can create images from
text prompts.
○​ Resource: DALL-E
●​ Video Generation:
○​ Example: Platforms like RunwayML create videos based on textual
descriptions.
○​ Resource: RunwayML
●​ Audio Generation:
○​ Example: AI tools such as ElevenLabs or Speechify generate realistic
speech and sound.
○​ Resource: ElevenLabs
●​ 3D Model Generation:
○​ Example: Emerging tools can generate 3D models from text descriptions.
○​ Use Case: Creating assets for gaming, virtual reality, or product design.

5. Text Generation and Its Predecessors

●​ Early Beginnings:
○​ The concept started with predictive text in smartphone keyboards—often
called the "monkey part" of AI.
●​ Mechanism:
○​ Generative AI works by predicting the probability of the next word in a
sequence. This mechanism is the foundation of more advanced models.
●​ Modern Advancements:
○​ Advanced models, such as ChatGPT, can browse the internet, aggregate
data, and compile comprehensive reports, often outperforming human
consultants in specific tasks.
6. Video and Audio Generation Advancements
●​ Historical Example:
○​ Early AI video generation, demonstrated by a video of Will Smith eating
spaghetti in 2019.
●​ Current Capabilities:
○​ With improved prompts (e.g., "Will Smith having pasta"), generative AI now
produces highly realistic videos.
○​ Audio Generation:
■​ AI can create realistic audio samples, such as an AI avatar mimicking
a speaker’s voice and mannerisms.
●​ Demonstration:
○​ Compare old video examples from 2019 to newer, more refined outputs from
2025 to appreciate the rapid progress in video and audio quality.

7. Course Details and Program Promises

●​ Daily Sessions:
○​ Daily doubt sessions are held Monday through Friday at 7 PM.
●​ Core Teaching Sessions:
○​ Focus on delivering maximum value per minute.
●​ Extended Learning:
○​ Participants are encouraged to attend sessions on Saturdays and Sundays.
○​ Recordings will be available on the Learning Management System (LMS).
●​ Bonus Content:
○​ A bonus session on creating AI avatars and voice models is included.
○​ Regular updates on the latest AI news through exclusive videos every 2-3
days.
●​ Example:
○​ A participant might use these sessions to build a SaaS product that integrates
generative AI for automated report generation.

8. Foundational Models
●​ Definition:
○​ Foundational models are large-scale language models developed from
scratch using massive datasets and extensive computing resources.
●​ Examples by Region:
○​ USA:
■​ ChatGPT, Anthropic, Perplexity, Llama.
○​ China:
■​ DeepSeek, Qwen 2, Kimi 1.5.
 ■​ Detail: DeepSeek is a spin-off from a Chinese hedge fund; it was built
using an open-source approach and costs 1/10th of traditional models.
It is available for free under the MIT license.
○​ India:
■​ SarvAI, Kusim, SANA crut.
●​ Impact:
○​ The launch of DeepSeek reportedly caused a $1 trillion loss in the stock
market value of US AI companies, highlighting the disruptive power of
low-cost, open-source models.

9. The Turing Test

●​ Overview:
○​ Created by Alan Turing, the Turing Test assesses a machine’s ability to
exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human.
●​ Historical Context:
○​ ChatGPT3, launched in 2021, was able to pass the Turing Test, blurring the
line between human and machine interaction.
●​ Modern Perspective:
○​ The Turing Test is considered outdated, with newer benchmarks now in use to
evaluate AI performance and human-likeness.

10. Where is the Money in Generative AI?

●​ Three Profit-Making Categories:​

○​ Backend Companies:
■​ Example: Nvidia, which manufactures the GPUs essential for training
AI models.
■​ Link: Nvidia
○​ Cloud Service Providers:
■​ Examples: Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and
Google Cloud Platform.
○​ Foundational Model Developers:
■​ Examples: OpenAI, Anthropic, DeepSeek.
■​ Note: While foundational models often incur losses due to high
development costs, their ecosystems (services and wrappers) are
highly profitable.
●​ Services and Wrappers:​

○​ Services: Companies like TCS and Infosys profit by offering AI

implementation services.
○​ Wrappers: Tools that build on existing AI models to create new products.
 ■​ Perplexity: A search engine that leverages multiple AI models for
comprehensive answers.
■​ Link: Perplexity
■​ Gamma: Creates AI-driven presentations.
■​ Link: Gamma
■​ BNX: Offers educational services centered on AI (details may vary).
●​ Investment Focus:​

○​ Leaders are investing in AI for its future potential rather than immediate
profits, learning from past missed opportunities (e.g., Microsoft’s smartphone
strategy).

11. Future of Jobs and Skills

●​ Global Outlook:
○​ A World Economic Forum report highlights the future of jobs, emphasizing the
importance of skills such as analytical and creative thinking, leadership,
resilience, technology literacy, AI, big data, and lifelong learning.
●​ Tool Example:
○​ Notebook LM from Google:
■​ Can be used to create podcasts, audio overviews, summaries, notes,
and FAQs from reports.
■​ Link: Notebook LM
●​ Prediction for 2030:
○​ Large multimodal models combined with robotics will revolutionize industries,
enabling AI to understand videos and the real world.
○​ Example: Tesla’s Optimus robot and Google AI Studio showcase future
possibilities in robotics and live video understanding.

12. Levels of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

●​ Five Levels of AGI:
○​ Level 1:
■​ AI systems that can handle basic conversational tasks (e.g., chatbots).
○​ Level 2:
■​ AI with reasoning and problem-solving capabilities similar to
human-level understanding.
○​ Level 3:
■​ Autonomous AI that can act on its own (e.g., booking tickets,
executing computer tasks).
○​ Level 4:
■​ AI that aids in inventions and creative processes.
○​ Level 5:
 ■​ AI that can manage entire organizations and generate revenue
independently.
●​ Current Status:
○​ Today’s AI has achieved Levels 1, 2, and 3 but still has a way to go to reach
Levels 4 and 5.

13. Scaling Law in AI

●​ Concept:
○​ AI models improve rapidly through scaling laws, where performance doubles
approximately every six months.
●​ Key Factors:
○​ Data: Increasing the amount of data fed to models.
○​ Parameters: Expanding model parameters (the number of variables in the
model).
○​ Computing Power: Utilizing more powerful hardware and distributed
computing.
●​ Technique:
○​ Models often use a “chain-of-thought” approach by feeding their answers
back to themselves to refine and improve results over time.
●​ Implication:
○​ Continuous learning and scaling make understanding AI essential for future
technological advancement.

14. Key Terminologies in AI

●​ Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG):
○​ Combining your proprietary data with a large language model to generate
customized responses.
●​ LangChain:
○​ A framework that connects large language models to various applications,
enabling more robust AI-driven workflows.
○​ Link: LangChain GitHub
●​ Grounding:
○​ The process of linking an AI model to real-world data and specific knowledge
domains to improve accuracy and relevance.

Conclusion
Generative AI is a rapidly evolving field that transforms how we interact with technology.
From its historical roots in predictive algorithms to the cutting-edge developments in
generative models today, AI is making significant strides in making technology more
accessible and capable. This lecture has covered:

●​ The evolution and types of AI.

●​ The emergence and impact of generative AI.
●​ Various applications (text, image, video, audio, and 3D model generation).
●​ Foundational models and the economics behind AI investment.
●​ Future directions, job skills, and the scaling law in AI.
●​ Essential terminologies and frameworks.

By understanding these aspects, you can better appreciate how generative AI is poised to
revolutionize industries and drive future innovation. Embrace continuous learning, explore
the provided resources, and stay updated with the latest developments to leverage AI
effectively in your work.