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Python OOP
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What Is OOP?
Object-Oriented Programming
organizes code into objects.
Each object represents a real-world
thing with data (attributes) and actions
(methods).
Why use OOP?
Organize complex code
Reuse code (inheritance)
Avoid repetition
Group logic with data
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Core Concepts
1. Class and Object
Class = blueprint (e.g. Dog)
Object = instance (e.g. my_dog)
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Core Concepts
2. __init__ Method
Special method to initialize an
object
Runs automatically when you
create an object
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Core Concepts
3. Instance Attributes
Belong to the object
Defined with self. inside methods
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Core Concepts
4. Instance Methods
Functions inside the class
Always take self as first argument
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Core Concepts
5. Inheritance
Create new class based on an
existing one
Use the parent class features
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Core Concepts
6. super() Function
Call parent class method in child
class
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Core Concepts
7. Class Attributes
Shared across all objects
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Core Concepts
8. Magic Methods
Built-in methods with double
underscores
Examples:
__str__ – string representation
__len__ – define length
__add__ – define + behavior
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Core Concepts
9. Encapsulation
Keep data private inside class
Use _ or __ for convention
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Core Concepts
10. Composition (Has-A Relationship)
Use objects inside other objects
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Tips
Use self for instance access
Use inheritance for related classes
Use composition for loosely related
logic
Use class attributes sparingly
Favor readability over clever tricks
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