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Functions Lecture

The document covers the concept of functions, including terminology, types of relationships (1-1, m-1, 1-m, m-m), composite functions, and inverse functions. It also discusses transformations such as translations, reflections, and stretches of graphs. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate finding ranges, domains, and inverse functions.

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4 views66 pages

Functions Lecture

The document covers the concept of functions, including terminology, types of relationships (1-1, m-1, 1-m, m-m), composite functions, and inverse functions. It also discusses transformations such as translations, reflections, and stretches of graphs. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate finding ranges, domains, and inverse functions.

Uploaded by

luq.sy25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions

Lecture: Functions
➢ Terminology
➢ Mapping – 4 types of relationship
➢ Composite functions
➢ Inverse Functions
Definition
• Mapping – relationship between 2 sets of numbers
• Domain – the set of ‘inputs’
• Range – in set of ‘outputs’
4 types
1) 1-1 relationship 2) m-1relationships

3) 1-m relationships 4) m-m relationships

Note: Only 1-1 and m-1 relationships are functions


Notes:

1) f(-x) = f(x) for all values of x are called even function.


e.g. f(x) = x2

2) f(-x) = -f(x) for all values of x are called odd function


e.g. f(x) = x3
Example 1
Given f(x) = 3x2+2. find the value of f(3), f(-2)
E.g. Find the range of each of the following functions for x 

i ) f ( x) = x 2 + 4

ii) f ( x) = ( x − 1) 2 + 6

iii) f ( x) = −(2 − x) 2 + 5

iv) f ( x) = 2( x + 4) 2 + 3
E.g. Find their ranges for x > 0

i ) f ( x) = 2 x + 7

ii) f ( x) = −5 x

iii) f ( x) = x − 1
2

iv) f ( x) = ( x + 2) − 3
2
E.g. Find the possible domain of
i ) f ( x) = 4− x

ii ) f ( x ) = x ( x − 4)

1
iii ) f ( x ) =
x−2

1
iv ) f ( x ) =
x−2
Composite Functions
• When 2 or more functions are combined, so
that the output from the first functions
becomes the input to the second function
E.g. f(x) = 2x+1 with domain {1,2,3,4,5} and
g ( x) = x 2 with the domain the range of f

The combined function gf


gf ( x) = (2 x + 1) 2

1) f is applied first, then followed by g


2) Composite function gf can be formed only if the range of f
is a subset of the domain of g.
ff(x)
gf(x)

ff(x) gf(x)
Inverse Functions
• f(x) =2x+1 with
domain{1,2,3,4,5},
range {3,5,7,9,11}
The inverse function of f maps from the range of f
back to the domain
➔ Working backward
x −1 x −1
f −1 ( x) = or f −1 : x 
2 2
• To find inverse function
1) Let y = f(x)
2) Rearrange to give x in terms of y
3) Rewrite as f-1(x) by replacing y by x

or

1) Let f(x) = y
2) Change x to y and y to x
3) Rearrange to get y in terms of x
4) Write in the correct form.
f(x) = 3x - 4 y= x

f-1(x) = (x+4)/3
Note:
1) 1-1 functions have inverses.

2) For m-1 functions, an inverse can be defined by restricting


the domain ➔ for that part of the domain, the function is 1-1
E.g. f(x)= x2, f(x) = x2 – 4x

3) The graphs of a functions and its inverse are reflections of


each other in y = x

4) Range of f(x) = Domain of f-1(x)

5) Domain of f(x) = Range of f-1(x)


E.g.
The function f : x  x − 2 + 3 has domain x  and x > 2.
(a)Determine the range of f
(b)Find the inverse function f -1 and state its domain and range.
(c)Sketch the graphs of y = f(x) and y = f -1(x)
May/June 2022 P12
May/June 2022 P11
Translations

The graph of y = f(x) + a is a translation of the graph y = f(x) by


the vector  0 
 .
a
Eg.

The graph of y = f(x-a) is a translation of the graph y = f(x) by the vector  a 


 .
0

The graph of y = f(x-a) + b is a translation of the graph y = f(x) by the vector  a 


 .
b
Reflections

The graph of y = -f(x) is a reflection of the graph y = f(x) in the x-axis.


The graph of y = f(-x) is a reflection of the graph y = f(x) in the y-axis.
Stretches

The graph of y = af(x) is a stretch of


The graph y = f(x) with stretch
factor a parallel of the y-axis.
Combined transformations

The graph of y = af(x) + k.

Vertical transformations follow the ‘normal’ order of operations, as used in arithmetic.


The graph of y = f(bx+c).

Horizontal transformations follow the ‘opposite’ order of operations, as used in arithmetic.


Find two different ways of describing the sequence of
transformations the maps the graph of y = f(x) onto the graph
of y = f(2x+10)
June 2020 P13
(a) y = f(-x) (b) y = 2f(x) (c) y = f(x+4) - 3
May/June 22 P13
May/June 22 P11
June 2020 P11 (a) -1 ≤ f(x) ≤ 2
(b) k = 1; translation by 1 unit upwards // to y-axis
(c) y = -3/2 cos 2x -1/2
June 2020 P12 (a) -1 ≤ f(x) ≤ 5; -10 ≤ g(x) ≤ 2
(c) Reflect in x-axis.
Stretch by factor 2 in the y-direction
Translation by –π in the x-direction

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