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Automation 1st

The document discusses automation technologies that minimize human intervention in processes, highlighting the benefits such as labor savings and improved quality. It focuses on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), their programming languages, and their role in SCADA and HMI systems, as well as the future of PLC technology. Additionally, it describes different types of PLC systems, including single box and modular/rack PLCs.

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0 views19 pages

Automation 1st

The document discusses automation technologies that minimize human intervention in processes, highlighting the benefits such as labor savings and improved quality. It focuses on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), their programming languages, and their role in SCADA and HMI systems, as well as the future of PLC technology. Additionally, it describes different types of PLC systems, including single box and modular/rack PLCs.

Uploaded by

imhameem
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Heaven’s Light is Our Guide

Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

MTE 4101
Automation

Prsented by
Safwat Mukarrama Choudhury
Lecturer
Dept. of Mechatronics Engineering, RUET
Introduction

Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in


processes, mainly by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related
actions, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines.

Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic,
electrical, electronic devices and computers usually in combination. Complicated systems,
such as modern factories, airplanes and ships typically use combination of all techniques.

The benefit of automation includes labor savings, reducing waste, savings in electricity costs,
savings in material costs, and improvements to quality, accuracy, and precision.
Introduction

Industry 4.0, which is synonymous with smart manufacturing, is the realization of the digital
transformation of the field, delivering real-time decision making, enhanced productivity,
flexibility and agility to revolutionize the way companies manufacture, improve and
distribute their products.

Smart factories are equipped with advanced sensors, embedded software and robotics that
collect and analyze data and allow for better decision making. Even higher value is created
when data from production operations is combined with operational data from ERP, supply
chain, customer service and other enterprise systems to create whole new levels of visibility
and insight from previously siloed information.
PLC

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are industrial computers, with various inputs and
outputs, used to control and monitor industrial equipment based on custom programming.

PLCs come in many different sizes and form factors. Some are small enough to fit in your
pocket, while others are large enough to require their own heavy-duty racks to mount. Some
PLCs are more modular, with only basic I/O (Inputs and Outputs), but can be customized with
additional back planes and functional modules (such as analog I/O, communications modules,
or display modules) to fit different types of industrial applications.
PLC Programming Language

PLCs are widely used in a variety of industries because they are fast, easy to operate, and
considered easy to program.

Most commonly used languages are:


➢ Ladder Logic,
➢ Function Block Diagrams,
➢ Sequential Function Charts,
➢ Structured Text,
➢ Instruction Lists
A PLC’s Role in SCADA & HMI Systems

SCADA and HMI systems enable users to view data from the manufacturing floor and provide
user interfaces for control and monitoring — and PLCs are an essential hardware component
element in these systems.

PLCs act as the physical interfaces between devices on the plant or manufacturing floor and a
SCADA or HMI system. PLCs can communicate, monitor, and control complex automated
processes such as conveyors, temperature control, robot cells, and many other industrial
machines.
Future of PLC

The industry continues to see new products entering the market ranging from devices like
Programmable Automation Controllers (PACs), which combine the functionality of PLCs with
higher-level PC functionality, all the way to industrial embedded hardware.
Reference Book

Introduction to Programable Logic Controller By W. Bolton


Programmable Logic Controller

Figure : Block diagram of PLC


PLC Hardware Architecture
Basic Communication Model
Input/Output Unit
Optoisolator
Sourcing and Sinking
Sourcing and Sinking
Types of PLC Systems

1. Single Box PLC


2. Modular/Rack PLC
Types of PLC Systems

Single Box PLC


The single-box type (or, as it’s sometimes called, compact or brick) is commonly used for
small programmable controllers and is supplied as an integral compact package complete
with power supply, processor, memory, and input/output units.
Input: 6, 8, 12 or 24
Output: 6, 8, or 16
Memory: Store 300 to 1000 instructions
Modular/ Rack PLC

Systems with larger numbers of inputs and outputs are likely to be modular and designed to
fit in racks. The modular type consists of separate modules for power supply, processor,
etc., which are often mounted on rails within a metal cabinet. The rack type can be used for
all sizes of programmable controllers and has the various functional units packaged in
individual modules that can be plugged into sockets in a base rack. The mix of modules
required for a particular purpose is decided by the user and the appropriate ones then
plugged into the rack. Thus it is comparatively easy to expand the number of input/output
(I/O) connections by just adding more input/output modules or to expand the memory by
adding more memory units. The power and data interfaces for modules in a rack are
provided by copper conductors in the backplane of the rack. When modules are slid into a
rack they engage with connectors in the backplane.
Maximum I/O : 512
Memory: Store more than 16 0000 words
Thank you
for your kind patience
and attention

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