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Introduction to Programming with Java 3rd Edition John
Dean Digital Instant Download
Author(s): John Dean, Ray Dean
ISBN(s): 9781259875762, 1259875768
Edition: 3
File Details: PDF, 92.85 MB
Year: 2020
Language: english
 Page i

John Dean
Park University

Raymond Dean
University of Kansas
 Page ii

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10121.
Copyright ©2021 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of
America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any
means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of
McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or
transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to
customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LCR 24 23 22 21 20

ISBN 978-1-26057524-8
MHID 1-260-57524-1

Cover Image: ©Shutterstock/Brian Lasenby

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of
the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The
inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC,
and McGraw Hill LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these
sites.

mheducation.com/highered
 Page iii
edication
—To Stan and Kate
 Page iv

About the Authors

John Dean is an Associate Professor in the Computer Science and Information Systems
Department at Park University. He earned a Ph.D. degree in computer science from Nova
Southeastern University and an M.S. degree in computer science from the University of
Kansas. He is Java certified and has worked in industry as a software engineer and project
manager, specializing in Java and various web technologies—JavaScript, JavaServer Pages,
and servlets. He has taught a full range of computer science courses, including Java
programming and Java-based web programming. He has authored a web programming
textbook with a focus on client-side technologies HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript.

Raymond Dean is a Professor Emeritus, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,

University of Kansas. He earned an M.S. degree from MIT and a Ph.D. degree from
Princeton University. As a professional engineer in the HVAC industry, he wrote computer
programs that design air distribution systems and analyze energy consumption and sound
propagation in buildings. At the University of Kansas, he taught microprocessor
programming, data structures, and other courses in electrical engineering and computer
science.
 Page v

Contents
Preface x
Project Summary xxiv

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Computers and Programming 1

1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Hardware Terminology 2
1.3 Program Development 10
1.4 Source Code 12
1.5 Compiling Source Code into Object Code 13
1.6 Portability 14
1.7 Emergence of Java 15
1.8 Computer Ethics 18
1.9 First Program—Hello World 19
1.10 GUI Track: Hello World (Optional) 24

CHAPTER 2
Algorithms and Design 32
2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 Output 33
2.3 Variables 34
2.4 Operators and Assignment Statements 35
2.5 Input 36
2.6 Flow of Control and Flowcharts 37
2.7 if Statements 38
2.8 Loops 43
2.9 Loop Termination Techniques 45
2.10 Nested Looping 48
2.11 Tracing 51
2.12 Problem Solving: Other Pseudocode Formats and an Asset Management
Example 55

CHAPTER 3

Java Basics 65
3.1 Introduction 66
3.2 “I Have a Dream” Program 66
3.3 Comments and Readability 67
3.4 The Class Heading 69
3.5 The main Method’s Heading 69
3.6 Braces 70
3.7 System.out.println 71
3.8 Compilation and Execution 73
3.9 Identifiers 73
3.10 Variables 74
3.11 Assignment Statements 75
3.12 Initialization Statements 77
3.13 Numeric Data Types—int, long, float, double 78
3.14 Constants 80
3.15 Arithmetic Operators 83
3.16 Expression Evaluation and Operator Precedence 86
3.17 More Operators: Increment, Decrement, and Compound Assignment 88
3.18 Tracing 90
3.19 Type Casting 90
3.20 char Type and Escape Sequences 93
3.21 Primitive Variables Versus Reference Variables 95
3.22 Strings 96
3.23 Input—the Scanner Class 100
3.24 Simple File Input for Repetitive Testing During Program Development 105
3.25 GUI Track: Input and Output with Dialog Boxes (Optional) 107
CHAPTER 4

Control Statements 119

4.1 Introduction 120 Page vi
4.2 Conditions and Boolean Values 120
4.3 if Statements 121
4.4 && Logical Operator 124
4.5 | | Logical Operator 129
4.6 ! Logical Operator 131
4.7 Switching Constructs 132
4.8 while Loop 138
4.9 do Loop 142
4.10 for Loop 144
4.11 Solving the Problem of Which Loop to Use 149
4.12 Nested Loops 150
4.13 boolean Variables 152
4.14 Input Validation 156
4.15 Problem Solving with Boolean Logic (Optional) 157

CHAPTER 5
Using Prebuilt Methods 170
5.1 Introduction 170
5.2 The API Library 171
5.3 Math Class 177
5.4 Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types 182
5.5 Character Class 186
5.6 String Methods 188
5.7 Formatted Output with the printf> Method 194
5.8 Problem Solving with Random Numbers (Optional) 199
5.9 GUI Track: Covering an Image with a Tinted Pane (Optional) 203

Interlude 213
Multiple-Method Programs in a Non-Object-Oriented Environment 213
 GUI Track: Multiple-Method Program That Uses StackPane and Group to
Display Images, Rectangles, Lines, an Oval, and Text (Optional) 216

CHAPTER 6

Object-Oriented Programming 222

6.1 Introduction 223
6.2 Object-Oriented Programming Overview 223
6.3 First OOP Class 227
6.4 Driver Class 230
6.5 Calling Object, this Reference 234
6.6 Instance Variables 236
6.7 Tracing an OOP Program 237
6.8 UML Class Diagrams 242
6.9 Local Variables 244
6.10 The return Statement 247
6.11 Argument Passing 249
6.12 Specialized Methods—Accessors, Mutators, and Boolean Methods 252
6.13 Problem Solving with Simulation (Optional) 255

CHAPTER 7

Object-Oriented Programming— Additional Details 272

7.1 Introduction 273
7.2 Object Creation—A Detailed Analysis 273
7.3 Assigning a Reference 275
7.4 Testing Objects for Equality 279
7.5 Passing References as Arguments 284
7.6 Method-Call Chaining 286
7.7 Overloaded Methods 289
7.8 Constructors 293
7.9 Overloaded Constructors 299
7.10 Static Variables 303
7.11 Static Methods 306
7.12 Named Constants 312
7.13 Problem Solving with Multiple Driven Classes 314

CHAPTER 8

Software Engineering 324

8.1 Introduction 325
8.2 Coding-Style Conventions 325
8.3 Documentation for Outsiders 334
8.4 Helper Methods 338
8.5 Encapsulation (with Instance Variables and Local Variables) 342 Page vii
8.6 Recognizing the User’s Point of View 344
8.7 Design Philosophy 345
8.8 Top-Down Design 350
8.9 Bottom-Up Design 359
8.10 Case-Based Design 361
8.11 Iterative Enhancement 361
8.12 Merging the Driver Method into the Driven Class 363
8.13 Accessing Instance Variables Without Using this 365
8.14 Writing Your Own Utility Class 366
8.15 Problem Solving with the API Calendar Class (Optional) 368
8.16 GUI Track: Problem Solving with CRC Cards (Optional) 370

CHAPTER 9

Arrays 384
9.1 Introduction 385
9.2 Array Basics 385
9.3 Array Declaration and Creation 387
9.4 Array length Property and Partially Filled Arrays 391
9.5 Copying an Array 393
9.6 Problem Solving with Array Case Studies 397
9.7 Searching an Array 403
9.8 Sorting an Array 408
9.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays 412
9.10 Arrays of Objects 418
9.11 For-Each Loops 425

CHAPTER 10

ArrayLists and an Introduction to the Java Collections Framework 435

10.1 Introduction 436
10.2 The ArrayList Class 437
10.3 Storing Primitives in an ArrayList 443
10.4 ArrayList Example Using Anonymous Objects and the For-Each Loop 446
10.5 ArrayLists Versus Standard Arrays 450
10.6 The LinkedList Class 451
10.7 The List Interface 452
10.8 Problem Solving: How to Compare Method Execution Times 453
10.9 Queues, Stacks, and the ArrayDeque Class 457
10.10 Overview of the Java Collections Framework 464
10.11 Collections Example—Information Flow in a Network of Friends 468
10.12 GUI Track: Second Iteration of Problem Solving with CRC Cards (Optional)
476

CHAPTER 11
Recursion 489
11.1 Introduction 490
11.2 Guidelines for Writing a Recursive Method 491
11.3 A Recursive Factorial Method 492
11.4 Comparison of Recursive and Iterative Solutions 496
11.5 Recursive Method Evaluation Practice 500
11.6 Binary Search 503
11.7 Merge Sort 506
11.8 Towers of Hanoi 510
11.9 Problem Solving with Performance Analysis 514
11.10 GUI Track: Drawing Trees with a Fractal Algorithm (Optional) 517

CHAPTER 12
Type Details and Alternative Coding Mechanisms 530
12.1 Introduction 531
12.2 Integer Types and Floating-Point Types 532
12.3 char Type and the ASCII Character Set 536
12.4 Type Conversions 538
12.5 Prefix/Postfix Modes for Increment/ Decrement Operators 541
12.6 Embedded Assignments 544
12.7 Conditional Operator Expressions 546
12.8 Expression Evaluation Review 547
12.9 Short-Circuit Evaluation 551
12.10 Empty Statement 552
12.11 Using break to Exit from a Loop 554 Page viii
12.12 for Loop Header Details 555
12.13 Enumerated Types 557
12.14 forEach Method, Lambda Expressions, Method References, and Streams 564
12.15 Hexadecimal, Octal, and Binary Numbers 573
12.16 GUI Track: Unicode (Optional) 574
12.17 Introduction to GridWorld Case Study (Optional) 579

CHAPTER 13

Aggregation, Composition, and Inheritance 591

13.1 Introduction 592
13.2 Composition and Aggregation 592
13.3 Inheritance Overview 599
13.4 Implementation of a Person/Employee/FullTime Hierarchy 603
13.5 Constructors in a Subclass 605
13.6 Method Overriding 606
13.7 Using the Person/Employee/FullTime Hierarchy 609
13.8 The final Access Modifier 610
13.9 Using Inheritance with Aggregation and Composition 610
13.10 Design Practice with Card Game Example 613
13.11 GridWorld Case Study Extensions (Optional) 619
13.12 Problem Solving with Association Classes (Optional) 626
CHAPTER 14

Inheritance and Polymorphism 637

14.1 Introduction 638
14.2 The Object Class and Automatic Type Promotion 638
14.3 The equals Method 639
14.4 The toString Method 643
14.5 Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding 648
14.6 Assignments When the Two Sides’ Classes Are Different 653
14.7 Polymorphism with Arrays 654
14.8 abstract Methods and Classes 660
14.9 Interfaces 663
14.10 The protected Access Modifier 673
14.11 GUI Track: Three-Dimensional Graphics (Optional) 677

CHAPTER 15

Exception Handling 691

15.1 Introduction 692
15.2 Overview of Exceptions and Exception Messages 692
15.3 Using try and catch Blocks to Handle “Dangerous” Method Calls 693
15.4 Line Plot Example 695
15.5 try Block Details 699
15.6 Two Categories of Exceptions—Checked and Unchecked 700
15.7 Unchecked Exceptions 702
15.8 Checked Exceptions 705
15.9 Generic catch Block with Exception Class 708
15.10 Multiple catch Blocks and Multiple Exceptions per Block 712
15.11 Understanding Exception Messages 714
15.12 Using a throws Clause to Postpone the catch 718
15.13 Automatic Cleanup Using Try-With-Resources 720
15.14 GUI Track: Line Plot Example Revisited (Optional) 722

CHAPTER 16
Files, Buffers, Channels, and Paths 735
16.1 Introduction 736
16.2 Simple Text-File Example: HTML File Generator 737
16.3 A Website Reader 741
16.4 Object File I/O 743
16.5 Character Sets and File-Access Options 748
16.6 Buffered Text File I/O 749
16.7 Primitive Buffers with Random Access 752
16.8 Channel I/O and Memory-Mapped Files 760
16.9 Path, Whole-File, and Directory Operations 767
16.10 Walking a Directory Tree 769 Page ix
16.11 GUI Track: Final Iteration of Problem Solving with CRC Cards (Optional) 775

CHAPTER 17

GUI Programming Basics 787

17.1 Introduction 788
17.2 SimpleWindow Program 791
17.3 Stage and Scene 794
17.4 JavaFX Components 796
17.5 Label Control 797
17.6 TextField Control 799
17.7 Greeting Program 801
17.8 Event Handling 805
17.9 Property Binding 809
17.10 JavaFX CSS 812
17.11 Scene Graph Inheritance 818
17.12 Style Sheets and Cascading 821
17.13 Button Control and FactorialButton Program 826
17.14 Distinguishing Between Multiple Events 832
17.15 Colors 834
17.16 ColorChooser Program 838

CHAPTER 18
GUI Programming—Layout Panes 849
18.1 Introduction 849
18.2 Layout Panes 851
18.3 FlowPane and GridPane—Competing Layout Philosophies 853
18.4 VBox Program with Two Stages and an Image File 858
18.5 BorderPane 867
18.6 TilePane and TextFlow Containers 872
18.7 TicTacToe Program 878
18.8 Embedded Panes, HBox, and MathCalculator Program 882
18.9 Plain Pane Container and Component Positioning 889

CHAPTER 19

GUI Programming—Additional GUI Components, Additional Event

Handlers, Animation 896
19.1 Introduction 897
19.2 User Interface Design 897
19.3 TextArea Control 898
19.4 CheckBox and RadioButton Controls 903
19.5 ComboBox Control 909
19.6 Job Application Program 913
19.7 ScrollPane and Menu Classes 918
19.8 Images and Mouse Events 922
19.9 Lunar Eclipse Program with Circle, RadialGradient, and Slider 928
19.10 Animation 933

Appendices
Appendix 1 ASCII Character Set 943
Appendix 2 Operator Precedence 945
Appendix 3 Java Keywords and Other Reserved Words 947
Appendix 4 Packages and Modules 951
Appendix 5 Java Coding-Style Conventions 963
Appendix 6 Javadoc with Tags 975
Appendix 7 UML Diagrams 980
Appendix 8 Number Systems and Conversions Between Them 986
Additional Online Material
Chapter S6 Writing Methods in a Non-Object-Oriented Environment
Chapter S9 Arrays in a Non-Object-Oriented Environment
Chapter S17 GUI Programming Basics (with Swing and AWT)
Chapter S18 GUI Programming—Component Layout, Additional GUI
Components (with Swing and AWT)
Appendix 9 Multithreading

Index 990
 Page x

Preface
In this book, we lead you on a journey into the fun and exciting world of computer
programming. Throughout your journey, we’ll provide you with lots of problem-solving
practice. After all, good programmers need to be good problem solvers. We’ll show you how
to implement your problem solutions with Java programs. We provide a plethora of
examples, some short and focused on a single concept, some longer and more “real world.”
We present the material in a conversational, easy-to-follow manner aimed at making your
journey a pleasant one. When you’re done with the book, you should be a proficient Java
programmer.
Our textbook targets a wide range of readers. Primarily, it targets students in a standard
college-level “Introduction to Programming” course or course sequence where no
prerequisite programming experience is assumed. We have included the topics recommended
by the College Board for high school students studying for advanced placement (AP) in
computer science. So this text should be good for those students as well.
In addition to targeting students with no prerequisite programming experience, our
textbook targets industry practitioners and college-level students who have some
programming experience and want to learn Java. This second set of readers can skip the early
chapters on general programming concepts and focus on the features of Java that differ from
the languages that they already know. In particular, because C++ and Java are similar, readers
with a C++ background should be able to cover the textbook in a single three-credit-hour
course. (But we should reiterate for those of you with no programming experience:
No prerequisite programming experience is required in order to use this text.)
Finally, our textbook targets those who are learning Java on their own, outside of a
classroom environment. This third set of readers should read the entire textbook at a pace
determined on a case-by-case basis.

What’s New in This Edition?

The changes in this edition are big and small. Big changes include new chapters, reorganized
chapter sections, new programming constructs, new program examples, and new exercises.
Smaller changes include updating explanations and anecdotes. We’ve combed the entire book
for opportunities to improve the book’s clarity and readability. The following list highlights
the more significant changes that we’ve made to this edition.
• Introductory Chapter
To keep up with the computer industry’s growth, we’ve made quite a few changes to
 Chapter 1, such as updating the information in the computer hardware and Java history
sections.
• Switching Constructs
Java 12 and Java 13 made improvements to the venerable switch statement, and this
edition describes those improvements. We use the new switching techniques (multiple
comma-​separated case constants and no break statements) for programs throughout the
book. And we use switch statements versus switch expressions according to what the
problem calls for. If you’re a fan of the old-style switch statement, no worries, we
provide a description early on which will help you with legacy code.
• Local Variable Type Inferencing
Java 10 introduced the ability to use var as a type (rather than int, double, etc.) for a
local variable declaration where the declaration is part of an initialization. We describe
the new syntax, but for self-documentation reasons, we stick with traditional explicit
type declarations for the most part.
• Name Change for Static Variables and Static Methods Page xi

The powers that be (the Oracle documentation folks) now use the terms static variable
and static method for what used to be known as class variable and class method, so
we’ve updated accordingly.
• Miscellaneous Java API Library Updates
With the new Java releases since the second edition, there have been quite a few updates
to the Java API library. We’ve updated our discussions and programs with new API
method and constructor calls when appropriate. Most of our new API content can be
found in our GUI coverage, but there are other API changes sprinkled throughout the
book. For example, with Java’s deprecation of the wrapper class constructors, we’ve
refactored our programs to rely on the wrapper classes’ valueOf methods.
• New Section—forEach Method and Streams
We introduce the forEach method as a simple alternative to the for-each loop in the
context of an ArrayList. We then use the forEach method in the context of streams,
where it really shines. We describe streams in depth, with their exciting potential to take
advantage of parallel processing to improve a program’s efficiency.
• Lambda Expressions and Method References
Lambda expressions and method references are techniques that allow you to implement
the functionality of a method so you can use it as an argument in a method call. We first
present lambda expressions and method references as arguments for a forEach method
call. Later, we use lambda expressions and method references extensively to help with
the GUI programs.
• Interfaces with Static Methods and Default Methods
 We’ve rewritten Chapter 14’s section on interfaces to include a discussion of static
methods and default methods. Oracle added them to interfaces because they support an
interface’s ability to implement multiple inheritance effectively.
• End-of-Chapter GUI Sections
We’ve rewritten all of our end-of-chapter GUI sections to take advantage of Java’s
newer GUI constructs.
• Three New Chapters—JavaFX
In this book’s second edition, we used the AWT and Swing platforms for our two GUI
chapters. This third edition moves those chapters to the book’s website. We provide
three new chapters in the main body of the book that describe GUI programming using
the JavaFX platform. As part of that presentation, you’ll learn how to format your
programs using JavaFX CSS properties.
• New Appendix—Modules
In Appendix 4, we introduce modules, which allow you to group together packages.
Modules make it easier to organize and share classes for different programming needs.
They are used to facilitate the configuration of Java software for diverse hardware and
software platforms.
• New Exercises
We have substantially changed most of the exercises and altered almost all of them in
some way. As before, we provide exercise solutions on the password-protected
instructor’s portion of the book’s website.
Page xii

Compliant with the College Board’s AP Computer

Science A Curriculum
We have put a great deal of effort into ensuring that this textbook is compliant with the
College Board’s Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science A curriculum content. It
follows all the AP Computer Science A guidelines. As such, it appears on the College
Board’s approved textbook list at https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-computer-
science-a/course-audit.

Textbook Cornerstone #1: Problem Solving

Being able to solve problems is a critical skill that all programmers must possess. We teach
programmatic problem solving by emphasizing two of its key elements—algorithm
development and program design.
Emphasis on Algorithm Development
In Chapter 2, we immerse readers into algorithm development by using pseudocode for the
algorithm examples instead of Java. In using pseudocode, students are able to work through
nontrivial problems on their own without getting bogged down in Java syntax—no need to
worry about class headings, semicolons, braces, and so on.1 Working through nontrivial
problems enables students to gain an early appreciation for creativity, logic, and organization.
Without that appreciation, Java students tend to learn Java syntax with a rote-memory
attitude. But with that appreciation, students tend to learn Java syntax more quickly and
effectively because they have a motivational basis for learning it. In addition, they are able to
handle nontrivial Java homework assignments fairly early because they have prior experience
with similarly nontrivial pseudocode homework assignments.
In Chapter 3 and in later chapters, we rely primarily on Java for algorithm-development
examples. But for the more involved problems, we sometimes use high-level pseudocode to
describe first-cut proposed solutions. Using pseudocode enables readers to bypass syntax
details and focus on the algorithm portion of the solution.

Emphasis on Program Design

Problem solving is more than just developing an algorithm. It also involves figuring out the
best implementation for the algorithm. That’s program design. Program design is extremely
important, and that’s why we spend so much time on it. Frequently, we explain the thought
processes that a person might go through when coming up with a solution. For example, we
explain how to choose between different loop types, how to split up a method into multiple
methods, how to decide on appropriate classes, how to choose between instance and static
members, and how to determine class relationships using inheritance and composition. We
challenge students to find the most elegant implementations for a particular task.
We devote a whole chapter to program design—Chapter 8, “Software Page xiii
Engineering.” In that chapter, we provide an in-depth look at coding-style
conventions and documentation for programmers and users. We discuss design strategies like
separation of concerns, modularization, and encapsulation. Also in the chapter, we describe
alternative design strategies—top-down, bottom-up, case-based, and iterative enhancement.

Problem-Solving Sections
We often address problem solving (algorithm development and program design) in the
natural flow of explaining concepts. But we also cover problem solving in sections that are
wholly devoted to it. In each problem-solving section, we present a situation that contains an
unresolved problem. In coming up with a solution for the problem, we try to mimic the real-
world problem-solving experience by using an iterative design strategy. We present a first-cut
solution, analyze the solution, and then discuss possible improvements to it. We use a
conversational trial-and-error format (e.g., “What type of layout manager should we use? We
first tried the GridLayout manager. That works OK, but not great. Let’s now try the
BorderLayout manager.”). This casual tone sets the student at ease by conveying the message
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Stuart, D., I. 406, 427

Stumpf. C, on attention, I. 426;

on difference, 493;
on fusion of impressions, 522, 530-3;
on strong and weak sensations, 547;
on relativity of knowledge, II. 11;
on sensations of extent, 219, 221

Subjective sensations, I. 516 ff.

Substance, spiritual, I. 345

Substantive states of mind, I. 243

Substitution of parts for wholes in reasoning, II. 330;

of the same for the same, 650

Subsumption, the principle of mediate, II. 648

Succession, not known by successive feelings, I. 628;

vs. duration, 609

Suggestion, in hypnotism, II. 598-601;

post-hypnotic, 613

Suicide, I. 317

Sully, J., I. 191; II. 79, 221, 272, 281, 322, 425

Summation of stimuli, I. 82;

of elements of feeling, 151;
the latter is inadmissible, 158

Superposition, in space-measurements, II. 177, 266 ff.

Symbols as substitutes for reality, II. 305

Sympathy, II. 410

Synthetic judgments a priori, II. 661-2

Systems, philosophic, sentimental, and mechanical, II. 665-7

Tactile centre, I. 58

Tactile images, II. 65

Tactile sensibility, its cortical centre, I. 34, 61, 62

Taine, H., on unity of self, I. 355;

on alterations of ditto, 376;
on recollecting, 658, 670;
On projection of sensations, II. 33;
on images, 48, and their 'reduction,' 125-6;
on reality, 291

Tàkacs, II. 490

Tarde, G., I. 263

Taylor, C. F., II. 99

Tedium, I. 626

Teleology, created by consciousness, I. 140-1;

essence of intelligence, 482
involved in the fact of essences, II. 335;
its barrenness in the natural sciences, 665
Tendency, feelings of, I. 250-4

Thackeray, W. M., II. 434

Thermometry, cerebral, I. 99

'Thing,' II. 184, 259

Thinking, the consciousness of, I. 300 ff.

Thinking principle, I. 342

Third dimension of space, II. 134 ff., 212 ff., 220

Thompson, D. G., I. 354; II. 662

Thomson, Allen, I. 84

Thought, synonym for consciousness at large, I. 186;

the stream of, Chapter IX:
it tends to personal form, 225;
same thought never comes twice, 231 ff.;
sense in which it is continuous, 237;
can be carried on in any terms, 260-8;
what constitutes its rational character, 269;
is cognitive, 271;
not made up of parts, 276 ff., II. 79 ff.;
always partial to some of its objects, I. 284 ff.;
the consciousness of it as a process, 300 ff.;
the present thought is the thinker, 369, 401;
depends on material conditions, 553

'Thought reading,' II. 525

Time, occupied by neural and mental processes, see reaction-time

Time, unconscious registration of, I. 201

Time, the perception of, Chapter XV;

begins with duration, I. 609;
compared with perception of space, 610 ff.;
empty time not perceived, 619;
its discrete flow, 621, 637;
long intervals conceived symbolically, 622 ff.;
variations in our estimate of its length, 623 ff.;
cerebral process underlying, 627 ff.

Tischer, I. 524, 527

Touch, cortical centre for, I. 58

Trance, see hypnotism

Transcendentalist theory of the Self, I. 342, 360 ff.;

criticised, 363 ff.

Transitive states of mind, I. 243 ff.

Tschisch, von, I. 414, 560

Tuke, D. H., II. 130, 413

Taylor, E. B., II. 304

Tympanic membrane, its tactile sensibility, II. 140

Tyndall, I. 147-8

Ueberweg, I. 187

Unconscious states of Mind, proofs of their existence, I. 164 ff.;

 Objections, 164 ff.

Unconsciousness, I. 199 ff.;

in hysterics, 202 ff.;
of useless sensations, 517 ff.

Understanding of a sentence, I. 281

Units, psychic, I. 151

Unity of original object, I. 487-8; II. 8, 183 ff.

Universal conceptions, I. 473. See general propositions

Unreality, the feeling of, II. 298

Valentin, I. 557

Varying concomitants, law of dissociation by, I. 506

Vennum, Lurancy, I. 397

Ventriloquism, II. 184

Verdon, R., I. 685

Vertigo, II. 89;

Mental vertigo, 309;
optical, 506

Vicarious function of brain-parts, I. 69, 142; II. 592

Vierordt, I. 616 ff.; II. 154, 172

Vintschgau, I. 95-6
Vision with head upside down, II. 213

Visual centre in brain, I. 41 ff.

Visual space, II. 211 ff.

Visualizing power, II. 51-60

Vocalization, II. 407

Volition, see Will

Volkmann. A. W., II. 198, 252 ff.

Volkmann, W. von Volkmar, I. 627, 629, 631; II. 276

Voluminousness, primitive, of sensations, II. 184

Voluntary thinking, I. 583

Vulgarity of mind, II. 370

Vulpian, I. 73

Wahle, I. 493

Waitz, Th., I. 405, 632; II. 436

Walking, in child, II. 405

Walter. J. E., I. 214

Ward, J., I. 162, 454, 548, 562, 629, 633; II. 282
Warren, J. W., I. 97

Wayland, I. 347

Weber, E. H., his 'law,' I. 537 ff.

On space-perception on skin, II. 141-2;
on muscular feeling, 198

Weed, T., I. 665

Weissmann, A., II. 684 ff.

Wernicke's convolution, I. 39, 54-5

'Wheatstone's experiment,' II. 326-7

Wigan, Dr., I. 390, 675; II. 566-7

Wilbrand, I. 50-1

Will, Chapter XXVI;

involves memory of past acts, and nothing else but consent that
they shall occur again, II. 487-518;
the memory may involve images of either resident or remote
effects of the movement, 518-22;
ideo-motor action, 522-8;
action after deliberation, 528;
decision, 531;
effort, 535;
the explosive will, 537;
the obstructed will, 546;
relation of will to pleasure and pain, 549 ff.;
to attention, 561;
terminates in an 'idea', 567;
the question of its indeterminism, 569;
psychology must assume determinism, 576;
 neural processes concerned in education of the will, 579 ff.

Will, relations of, to Belief, II. 320

Wills, Jas., I. 241

Witchcraft, II. 309

Wolfe, H. K., I. 674, 679

Wolff, Chr., I. 409, 651

World, the peculiar constitution of the, II. 337, 647, 651-2

Writing, automatic, I. 393 ff.

Wundt, on frontal lobes, I. 64;

on reaction-time, 89-94, 96, 427 ff., 525;
on introspective method, 189;
on self-consciousness, 303;
on perception of strokes of sound, 407;
on perception of simultaneous events, 411 ff.;
on Weber's law, 534 ff.;
association-time, 557, 560;
on time-perception, 608, 612 ff., 620, 634.
on local signs, II. 155-7;
on eyeball-muscles, 200;
on sensations, 219;
on paresis of ext. rectus, 236;
on contrast, 250;
on certain illusions, 264;
on feeling of innervation, 266, 493;
on space as synthesis, 276;
on emotions, 481;
on dichotomic form of thought, 654
Zöllner's pattern, II. 232
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