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 Memory in Computer System
 There are two kinds of computer memory: primary and secondary.
 Primary memory (also known as Main Memory) is accessible
directly by the Central Processing Unit. RAM is an example of
primary memory.
 As soon as the computer is switched off, the primary memory
loses its contents. But data can be stored and retrieved at much
faster rate with primary memory as compared to secondary
memory.
 Examples of secondary memory storage devices are floppy disk,
magnetic disk, hard disk, CD, pen drive etc.
 The secondary memory devices may be inside or located outside
the computer.
 Primary memory is more expensive than secondary memory.
 When the computer is doing any task, the data that have to be
processed are stored in the primary memory. This data may come from
an input device like keyboard or from a secondary storage device like a
hard disk. As program or the set of instructions is kept in primary
memory, the computer is able to follow them instantly.
 In computer’s memory both programs and data are stored in the
binary form.
 The binary system has only two digits, 0 and 1. These are called bits. A
bit is an acronym for binary digit, which stands for one binary piece of
information.
 As human beings we all understand decimal system but the computer
can only understand binary system.
 Consider that a computer consists of numerous switches. If a switch is
ON then it is considered as 1 otherwise it is considered as 0.
 Primary Memory
 Primary memory is the memory that is accessed by the processor
directly.
 It is also known as main memory or internal memory.
 Main Memory (sometimes also called Primay Storage) refers to storage
locations that are directly accessible by the processor or CPU.
 Program and data are loaded into the primary memory before
processing.
 Primary memory is of two types – RAM and ROM.
 a- Random Access Memory (RAM)
 RAM inside a computer holds all of the data and instructions that are
currently being processed.
 Random Access Memory (RAM) is the type of memory in which it is
possible to randomly select and use any location of the memory
directly to store and retrieve data.
 It is also called as read/write memory.
 Since it is volatile, the data from RAM is lost as soon as the power
to the computer is switched off.
 In order to execute any program, it must first be loaded into the
RAM. This is because RAM has quicker Read and Write speeds
than secondary storage devices.
Types of RAM-
 1- DRAM- Dynamic RAM
 2-SRAM- Static RAM
1-DRAM = Dynamic Random Access Memory.

 It is commonly used for computer's main memory because it is relatively

cheap to manufacture.

 DRAM Memory cells are generally made up of "Capacitors".

 The capacitor stores a charge to represent single bit value. Generally, a

charged capacitor will represent the value of 0 and a discharged capacitor
represents a value of 1.

 Since the charge in a capacitor leaks over time, thus the system requires a
frequent memory refresh to restore the capacitors to their original
charge.

 Note-DRAMs are used in Personal Computers (PCs), Laptops, mobile

phones etc.
2-SRAM = Static Random Access Memory.

 SRAM is made up of Flip-flop.

 Flip-flop stores one bit of information.

 Unlike dynamic RAM (DRAM), which must be continuously refreshed,

SRAM does not have this requirement, resulting in better performance and
lower power usage. However, SRAM is also more expensive than DRAM,
and it requires a lot more space.

 It is twice as fast as DRAM so it is generally used to manufacture Cache

Memory and Registers.
b-Read Only Memory (ROM)
 This is another type of primary memory from which data can only be
read. We cannot write or modify data once written on to the ROM.
Also this type of primary memory is not volatile. The storage of
program and data in the ROM is permanent.
 The ROM stores some standard processing programs supplied by the
manufacturers to operate our computer. The Basic Input Output
System (BIOS) is stored in the ROM. It examines and initializes the
start up process of the computer and also checks various peripheral
devices attached to the PC when the computer is turned ON.
 Note- The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) stored in ROM is a very
limited sequence of instructions that checks that the core component
of the computer system (RAM, Input/Output devices, secondary
storage) are connected and responding properly.
The various types of ROMs are discussed below:

 1- Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM):

 You know that it is not possible to modify or erase programs

stored in ROM, but it is possible for you to store your program in

PROM chip.

 It is a type of ROM where contents or data inside the ROM can be

changed once after manufacture of the device.

 Once the programs are written it cannot be changed. Also the

program is not lost even if power is switched off.

2- Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) :

 This type of ROM overcomes the problem of PROM and ROM.

 EPROM chip can be programmed time and again by erasing the

information stored earlier in it.

 Information stored in EPROM can be erased by exposing it to

ultraviolet light. This memory can be reprogrammed using a special

programming facility.
3- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

(EEPROM):

 This type of ROM is somewhat similar to EPROM. The only

difference is that unlike EPROM, electrical signals are used to erase

the contents of EEPROM.

 This type of memory device allows individual bytes to be erased

electronically and the device can then be reprogrammed.

 Booting
 It is bascially the process of starting the computer.

 When the CPU is first switched on it has nothing inside the Memory. In
order to start the Computer, the Operating System is loaded into the Main
Memory and then Computer gets ready to take commands from the User.
MS Word
 माइ ोसॉ वड(MS Word) ा है?

MS Word Microsoft Corporation ारा िवकिसत एक Word Processing सॉ वे यर

है । जो उपयोगकता को अपनी बातों को श ों म िलखने तथा साथ ही edit करने की

सु िवधा दान करता है । यह Microsoft Office का ही एक Part है ।

Note-1-The first ever version of Microsoft Word - Word 1.0 - was launched in

October 1983 and developed by former Xerox programmers, Charles Simonyi

and Richard Brodie.

2- Microsoft Office 2021 is the latest version.

It was released on October 5, 2021.

You use this window to interact with Word. To begin this lesson, open
Microsoft Word 2007. The Microsoft Word window appears and your screen
looks similar to the one shown here.
1- The Microsoft Office Button

In the upper-left corner of the Word 2007 window is the Microsoft Office
button. When you click the button, a menu appears.You can use the menu to
create a new file, open an existing file, save a file, and perform many other
tasks.
2- The Quick Access Toolbar

Next to the Microsoft Office button is the Quick Access toolbar. The Quick Access
toolbar provides you with access to commands you frequently use. By default Save,
Undo, and Redo appear on the Quick Access toolbar. You can use Save to save your file,
Undo to rollback an action you have taken, and Redo to reapply an action you have
rolled back.
3- Title bar.
Next to the Quick Access toolbar is the Title bar.

The Title bar displays the title of the document on which you are currently
working.
Word names the first new document you open Document1.
As you open additional new documents, Word names them sequentially.
When you save your document, you assign the document a new name.
4- Ribbon-
The ribbon is a set of toolbars at the top of the window in Office programs

designed to help you quickly find the commands that you need to complete a

task.

The Ribbon is located near the top of the screen, below the Quick Access

toolbar.

At the top of the Ribbon are several tabs; clicking a tab displays several

related command groups.

Within each group are related command buttons.

You click buttons to issue commands or to access menus and dialog boxes.

You may also find a dialog box launcher in the bottom-right corner of a

group. Clicking the dialog box launcher gives you access to additional

commands via a dialog box.

5- The Ruler

The ruler is found below the Ribbon.

You can use the ruler to change the format of your document quickly. If your
ruler is not visible, follow the steps listed here:

 Click the View tab to choose it.

 Click the check box next to Ruler in the Show/Hide group. The ruler
appears below the Ribbon.
6-The Text Area
Just below the ruler is a large area called the text area. You type your
document in the text area.
The blinking vertical line in the upper-left corner of the text area is the
cursor.
It marks the insertion point. As you type, your text displays at the cursor
location. The horizontal line next to the cursor marks the end of the
document.
7- The Vertical and Horizontal and Vertical Scroll Bars-

The vertical and horizontal scroll bars enable you to move up, down, and
across your window simply by dragging the icon located on the scroll bar.
The vertical scroll bar is located along the right side of the screen.
The horizontal scroll bar is located just above the status bar.
To move up and down your document, click and drag the vertical scroll bar
up and down. To move back and forth across your document, click and drag the
horizontal scroll bar back and forth.
You won't see a horizontal scroll bar if the width of your document fits on
your screen.
8- The Status Bar

The Status bar appears at the very bottom of your window and provides

such information as the current page and the number of words in your

document.

You can change what displays on the Status bar by right-clicking on the Status

bar and selecting the options you want from the Customize Status Bar menu.

You click a menu item to select it.

You click it again to deselect it.

A check mark next to an item means it is selected.

9- Close and Save—Windows Vista
1- Click the Microsoft Office button. A menu appears.
2- Click Exit Word, which you can find in the bottom-right corner.

3- You are prompted: "Do you want to save changes to Document1?" To save
your changes, click Yes. Otherwise, click No. If you click Yes, the Save As dialog
box appears.
4- Move to the correct folder.

5- Name your file by typing Lesson One.doc in the File Name field.

6- Click Save. Word saves your file.

Question-1 The process of removing unwanted part of an image is called?
a) Hiding
b) Bordering
c) Cropping
d) Cutting
e) All of these

-1 िकसी छिव के अवां िछत भाग को हटाने की ि या ा कहलाती है ?

a) हाईिडं ग
b) बाड रं ग
c) ॉिपंग
d) किटं ग
e) इनम से कोई नही ं
Ans-c)
In Microsoft Word, cropping is the process of trimming or removing unwanted parts of an
image.

माइ ोसॉ वड म, ॉिपंग िकसी छिव के अवां िछत िह ों को िटम करने या हटाने की ि या है ।
Question-2 The space left between the margin and the start of a
paragraph is called?
a) Spacing
b) Gutter
c) Indentation
d) Alignment

-2 िकसी पैरा ाफ के मािजन और शु आत के बीच छोड़े गए थान को ा कहा

जाता है ?
a) ेिसंग
b) गटर
c) इं डटे शन
d) अलाइनमट
Ans-c)
Question-3 Which item appears dimly behind the main body text?
a) Water colour
b) Background
c) Watermark
d) Back Colour

-3 बॉडी टे के पीछे कौन सी व ु धुं धली िदखाई दे ती है ?

a) वॉटर कलर
b) बैक ाउं ड
c) वाटर-माक
d) बैक कलर
Ans-c)
Question-4 What is Gutter Margin?
a) Left Margin
b) Right Margin
c) Margin added at binding side of page when printing
d) Margin added outside page when printing
e) None of these

-4 गटर मािजन ा है ?
a) बायां मािजन
b) सही मािजन
c) मु ण करते समय पृ के बाइं िडं ग प म मािजन जोड़ा गया
d) मु ण करते समय पृ के बाहर मािजन जोड़ा गया
e) इनम से कोई नही ं
Ans-c)
In Microsoft Word, a gutter margin is an extra space added to the top, side, or
inside margins of a document that will be bound. This margin helps ensure that
the binding doesn't cover the text.

माइ ोसॉ वड म, गटर मािजन िकसी द ावेज़ के शीष, िकनारे या अं दर के मािजन म

जोड़ा गया एक अित र थान है िजसे बां धा जाएगा। यह मािजन यह सु िनि त करने म
मदद करता है िक बाइं िडं ग टे को कही ं ढक ना दे ।
Question-5 Which file starts MS Word?
a) Winword.exe
b) Word.exe
c) Msword.exe
d) Word356.exe
e) None of these

-5 एमएस वड कौन सी फाइल से शु होती है ?

a) Winword.exe
b) Word.exe
c) Msword.exe
d) Word356.exe
e) None of these
Ans-a)
The file that starts Microsoft Word is winword.exe, which is the executable file
name for Windows Word. Clicking on this file will install Microsoft Word on a
user's system and is available for versions 2007 and above.

Microsoft Word ारं भ करने वाली फ़ाइल winword.exe है , जो Windows Word के

िलए िन ादन यो फ़ाइल नाम है । इस फ़ाइल पर क करने से उपयोगकता के
िस म पर Microsoft Word इं ॉल हो जाएगा और यह 2007 और उससे ऊपर के
सं रणों के िलए उपल है ।
Question-6 Which shortcut keys do you press to force a page break?
a) CTRL + ALT
b) CTRL + break
c) CTRL + Enter
d) Alt + Shift
e) None of these

-6 िकसी पेज ेक के िलए आप कौन सी शॉटकट क़ी दबाते ह?

a) CTRL + ALT
b) CTRL + break
c) CTRL + Enter
d) Alt + Shift
e) None of these
Ans-b)
माइ ोसॉ ट वड म, पे ज ेक का इ ेमाल यह िनयंि त करने के िलए िकया जाता है िक
कोई पेज कहां ख होता है और नया पे ज कहां शु होता है . वड चािलत प से हर
पेज के अंत म पेज े क जोड़ता है . लेिकन, अगर आप चाह, तो आप अपने द ावेज़ म
मै ुअल पेज ेक भी डाल सकते ह.

In Microsoft Word, page breaks are used to control where a page ends and a
new page begins. Word automatically adds page breaks at the end of every
page. But, if you prefer, you can also insert manual page breaks into your
document.
Question-7 What is the shortcut key for "Find and Replace" dialog box?
a) Ctrl + F
b) Ctrl + R
c) Ctrl + H
d) Ctrl + Shift + F
e) None of these

-7 "Find and Replace" डायलॉग बॉ की शॉटकट क़ी ा है ?

Ctrl+F
Ctrl+R
Ctrl+H
Ctrl+Shift+F
इनम से कोई नही ं
Ans-c)
Question-8 What is the default font used in MS Word Document?
a) Times New Roman
b) Arial
c) Algerian
d) Bold
e) None of these

-8 एमएस वड डॉ ूमट म उपयोग िकया जाने वाला िडफ़ॉ फ़ॉ ा है ?

a) टाइ ू रोमन
b) ए रयल
c) अ ी रयाई
d) बो
e) इनम से कोई नही ं
Ans-e)
Microsoft Word uses the Calibri font and 11-point font size as the default settings.
Microsoft Word िडफ़ॉ से िटं के प म Calibri फ़ॉ और 11-पॉइं ट फ़ॉ आकार का
उपयोग करता है ।
Question-9 Which operation you will perform if you need to move a
block of text?
a) Copy and Paste
b) Cut and Paste
c) Paste and Delete
d) Paste and Cut

-9 यिद आपको टे के िकसी ॉक को थानां त रत करने की आव कता हो तो

आप कौन सा ऑपरे शन करगे?
a) कॉपी और पे कर
b) काट और पे कर
c) पे कर और िडलीट कर
d) पे कर और कट कर
Ans-c)
To cut means to move an item from its current location to the clipboard. At the
same time, paste means putting the things present in the clipboard at a new
place.

कट करने का मतलब है िक िकसी आइटम को उसकी मौजू दा जगह से हटाकर

पबोड म रखना. वही ं, पे का मतलब है िक पबोड म मौजू द चीज़ों को िकसी
नई जगह पर डालना.
Question-10 To check spelling and grammar in Microsoft Word, you can
press which key on your keyboard?
a) F5
b) F6
c) F7
d) F9

-10 माइ ोसॉ वड म वतनी और ाकरण जां चने के िलए आप अपने कीबोड पर
कौन सी कुंजी/की दबा सकते ह?
a) F5
b) F6
c) F7
d) F9
Ans-c)
Question-11 What is the blank space outside the printing area on a page?
a) Clipart
b) Margins
c) Header
d) Footer

-11 िकसी पृ पर मु ण े के बाहर का र थान ा है ?

a) प आट
b) मािजन
c) हे डर
d) फुटर
Ans-b)
If you've looked at a page carefully, you've probably noticed its top and bottom
sections. Those two special places where something happens on every page are
called the header and footer.

अगर आपने िकसी पेज को ान से दे खा है , तो आपने शायद उसके सबसे ऊपर और

सबसे नीचे का िह ा दे खा होगा। वे दो िवशे ष थान, जहां हर पे ज पर कुछ न कुछ होता
है , हे डर और फुटर कहलाते ह।
Question-12 Press __ to open the help window in MS word document?
a) F1
b) F2
c) F3
d) F4

-12 एमएस वड डॉ ूमट म हे िवंडो खोलने के िलए __ दबाएँ ?

a) F1
b) F2
c) F3
d) F4
Ans-a)
Question-13 Which bar shows the current position as far as the text goes?
a) Title Bar
b) Menu Bar
c) Scroll Bar
d) Status Bar

-13 कौन सी बार टे की वतमान थित को दशाती है ?

a) टाइटल बार
b) मेनू बार
c) ॉल बार
d) े टस बार
Ans-d)
Question-14 In MS Word Portrait and Landscape are?
a) Paper Size
b) Page Layout
c) Page orientation
d) Page Margin

-14 एमएस वड म पोटट और लड े प होते ह?

a) पेपर का आकार
b) पेज लेआउट
c) पेज ओ रएं टे शन
d) पेज मािजन
Ans-c)
In Microsoft Word, portrait and landscape are two options for page orientation
that determine the direction a document is displayed or printed-

1) Portrait
The page is oriented vertically, with the height greater than the width. This
orientation is often used for reading documents or viewing mobile content.

2) Landscape
The page is oriented horizontally, with the width greater than the height. This
orientation is often used for panoramic views, gaming, or watching videos. It can
also be used to improve the visual appeal of a document by providing more
space for wide images, charts, or graphs.
माइ ोसॉ वड म, पोटट और लड े प पे ज ओ रएं टे शन के िलए दो िवक ह जो
िकसी द ावेज़ को दिशत या मुि त करने की िदशा िनधा रत करते ह-

1) पोटट पेज ओ रएं टे शन

पृ लंबवत प से उ ुख है , िजसकी ऊंचाई चौड़ाई से अिधक है । इस ओ रएं टे शन का
उपयोग अ रद ावेज़ पढ़ने या मोबाइल साम ी दे खने के िलए िकया जाता है ।

2) लड े प पेज ओ रएं टे शन
पृ ैितज प से उ ुख है , िजसकी चौड़ाई ऊंचाई से अिधक है । इस ओ रएं टे शन का
उपयोग अ र पैनोरिमक ों, गे िमंग या वीिडयो दे खने के िलए िकया जाता है । इसका
उपयोग िव ृत छिवयों, चाट या ाफ़ के िलए अिधक थान दान करके िकसी द ावेज़
की अपील को बे हतर बनाने के िलए भी िकया जा सकता है ।
Question-15 What is the maximum number of columns in a table in
word?
a) 43
b) 53
c) 63
d) 73

-15 वड म िकसी टे बल म कॉलम की अिधकतम सं ा िकतनी होती है ?

a) 43
b) 53
c) 63
d) 73
Ans-c)
Question-16 Which command is used to restore a sentence erased just
now?
a) Undo
b) Redo
c) Add
d) None

-16 अभी िमटाए गए वा को पु नः थािपत करने के िलए िकस कमां ड का योग

िकया जाता है ?
a) Undo
b) Redo
c) जोड़ना
d) कोई नही ं
Ans-b)
Microsoft Word म, िकसी डॉ ूमट म िकए गए बदलावों को पूववत करने के िलए
'Undo' और 'Redo' फ़ं न का इ ेमाल िकया जाता है :
1- Undo
• िकसी डॉ ूमट म िकए गए आ खरी बदलाव को िमटा दे ता है . इसे करने के िलए,
आप ये तरीके अपना सकते ह:
• कीबोड (Key Board) पर Ctrl+Z दबाएं
• Quick Access Toolbar: पर Undo चु न
• Undo: को बार-बार चु न, अगर आपको कई कदम पूववत करने ह
2- Redo
• िकसी पूववत िकए गए बदलाव को वापस लाता है . इसे करने के िलए, आप ये तरीके
अपना सकते ह:
• कीबोड पर Ctrl+Y या F4 दबाएं
• Quick Access Toolbar: पर Redo चु न
• Redo: को कई बार चु न, अगर आपको एक से ादा बदलाव वापस लाने ह
Question-17 What is the smallest and largest font size available in Font Size tool
on formatting toolbar?
a) 8 and 72
b) 8 and 68
c) 6 and 72
d) 6 and 68

-17 फ़ॉमिटं ग टू लबार पर फ़ॉ आकार टू ल म उपल सबसे छोटा और सबसे बड़ा

फ़ॉ आकार ा है ?
a) 8 और 72
b) 8 और 68
c) 6 और 72
d) 6 और 68
Ans-a)
Question-18 MS Word automatically moves the text to the next line when
it reaches the right edge of the screen and is called?
a) Carriage Return
b) Enter
c) Word Wrap
d) All of above

-18 एमएस वड टे को ीन के दािहने िकनारे पर प ं चने पर चािलत प से

अगली पं म ले जाता है और इसे कहा जाता है ?
a) कै रज रटन
b) इं टर
c) वड रै प
d) उपरो सभी
Ans-c)
Word wrap is a feature or technique used in text editors, word
processors, and other software applications to automatically wrap text to
the next line when it reaches the end of a line or a specified margin.

वड रै प एक सुिवधा या तकनीक है िजसका उपयोग टे सं पादकों, वड ोसेसर और

अ सॉ टवेयर अनु योगों म िकया जाता है तािक टे को िकसी पं के अं त या
िनिद मािजन तक प ं चने पर चािलत प से अगली पं म रै प िकया जा सके।
Shortcut Keys (शॉटकट कंु िजयाँ)
 Ctrl + A = Select all (सभी का चयन कर)
 Ctrl + B = Bold
 Ctrl + C = Copy (कॉपी)
 Ctrl + F = Find (ढूँढ़)
 Ctrl + G = Go to (पर जाएँ )
 Ctrl + H = Replace (बदल)
 Ctrl + I = Italics (इटै िलक)
 Ctrl + N = New Document (नया द ावेज़)
 Ctrl + O = Open Document (द ावेज़ खोल )
 Ctrl + P = Print (ि ं ट कर)
 Ctrl + M = Indent (इं डट)
 Note-In Microsoft Word, indentation is the distance or number of blank
spaces used to separate a paragraph from the left or right margins.

 नोट-माइ ोसॉ वड म, इं डटे शन िकसी पैरा ाफ को बाएं या दाएं मािजन से

अलग करने के िलए उपयोग की जाने वाली दू री या र थानों की सं ा है ।
 Ctrl + S = Save (सहे ज)
 Ctrl + U = Underline (रे खां िकत कर)
 Ctrl + V = Paste (पे कर)
 Ctrl + W = Close document (द ावेज़ बं द कर)
 Ctrl + X = Cut (कट कर)
 Ctrl + Y = Redo previously undone action (हले पू ववत की गई कारवाई को
दोबारा कर)
 Ctrl + Z = Undo an action (िकसी ि या को पू ववत कर)
 Ctrl + Shift + A = selected text making to all capital letters (चयिनत टे को
सभी बड़े अ रों म बनाना)
 Ctrl + Shift + > = increase font size (फ़ॉ आकार बढ़ाएँ )
 Ctrl + Shift + < = decrease font size (फ़ॉ आकार घटाएं )
 Ctrl + End = move the cursor to the end of the document (कसर को द ावेज़
के अंत म ले जाएँ )
 Shift + Insert = Paste
 Ctrl + Enter = Insert a page break (पे ज े क)
 Shift + Enter = Create a soft break instead of a new
 paragraph (नए के बजाय सॉ े क)
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