NCERT Basics: Class 7

NCERT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE 1.1 (c) Temperature at Lahulspiti = –8°C
1. Following number line shows the Temperature at Srinagar = –2°C
temperature in degree Celsius (°C) at
Temperature difference = –2°C – (–8°C) =
different places on a particular day.
6°C
Lahulspiti Srinagar Shimla Ooty Bangalore
Therefore, the temperature difference
between Lahulspiti and Srinagar is 6°C.
-10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25
(d) Temperature at Srinagar = –2°C
(a) Observe this number line and write the Temperature at Shimla = 5°C
temperature of the places marked on it. Temperature of Srinagar and Shimla
(b) What is the temperature difference between
taken together = –2°C + 5°C = 3°C
the hottest and the coldest places among the
3°C < 5°C
above?
(c) What is the temperature difference 3°C < Temperature of Shimla

between Lahulspiti and Srinagar? Yes, the temperature of Srinagar and Shimla
(d) Can we say temperature of Srinagar and taken together is less than the temperature of
Shimla taken together is less than the Shimla.
temperature at Shimla? is it also less than However, 3°C > –2°C
the temperature at Srinagar?
Hence, the temperature of Srinagar and
Sol. (a) By observing the given data, the
Shimla taken together is not less than the
temperatures of these cities are as
follows. temperature of Srinagar.

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Lahulspiti: –8°C Srinagar: –2°C 2. In a quiz, positive marks are given for
Shimla: 5°C Ooty: 14°C correct answers and negative marks are
Bangalore: 22°C given for incorrect answers. If jack’s
(b) Temperature at the hottest place, i.e.,
scores in five successive rounds were 25,
Bangalore = 22°C
–5, –10, 15 and 10, what was his total at
Temperature at the coldest place, i.e.,
Lahulspiti = –8°C the end?

Temperature difference = 22°C – (–8°C) = Sol. Jack’s scores in five successive rounds are
30°C 25, –5, –10, 15, and 10. Total score of Jack
Therefore, the temperature difference at the end will be the sum of these scores.
between the hottest and the coldest places Therefore, Jack’s total score at the end
is 30°C.
= 25 – 5 –10 + 15 + 10 = 35

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3. At Srinagar temperature was –5°C on Sol. Since the amount withdrawn is
Monday and then it dropped by 2°C on represented by a negative integer, the
Tuesday. What was the temperature of
amount deposited will be represented by
Srinagar on Tuesday? On Wednesday, it
rose by 4°C. What was the temperature on a positive integer.
this day? Amount deposited = ` 2000
Sol. Temperature on Monday = –5°C Amount withdrawn = –` 1642
Temperature on Tuesday = Temperature
Balance in Mohan’s account = [Money
on Monday –2°C = –5°C – 2°C = –7°C
Temperature on Wednesday = deposited + Money withdrawn]
Temperature on Tuesday + 4°C = –7°C + = 2000 + (–1642) = 2000 – 1642 = 358
4°C = –3°C
Therefore, balance in Mohan’s account
Therefore, the temperature on Tuesday
and Wednesday was –7°C and –3°C after withdrawal is ` 358.
respectively. 6. Rita goes 20 km towards east from a point
4. A plane is flying at the height of 5000 m A to the point B. From B, she moves 30 km
above the sea level. At a particular point,
towards west along the same road. If the
it is exactly above a submarine floating
1200 m below the sea level. What is the distance towards east is represented by a
vertical distance between them? positive integer, then, how will you
represent the distance travelled towards
5000 m west? By which integer will you represent
her final position from A?
West B East
O
A
1200 m
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Sol. Since the distance towards east is

Sol. Height of plane = 5000 m represented by a positive integer, the
Depth of submarine = –1200 m distance travelled towards west will be
Distance between plane and submarine =
represented by a negative integer.
5000 m – (–1200) m = 5000 m + 1200 m =
6200 m Distance travelled in east direction = 20 km
5. Mohan deposits ` 2,000 in his bank account Distance travelled in west direction = –30 km
and withdraws ` 1,642 from it, the next day. Distance travelled from A = 20 + (–30) = –10 km
If withdrawal of amount from the account is
Therefore, we will represent the distance
represented by a negative integer, then how
will you represent the amount deposited? travelled by Rita from point A by a
Find the balance in Mohan’s account after negative integer, i.e., –10 km (i.e., Rita is
the withdrawal?
now in west direction).

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NCERT Basics: Class 7
7. In a magic square each row, column and 9. Use the sign of >, < or = in the box to make
diagonal have the same sum. Check which the statements true.
of the following is a magic square. (a) (–8) + (–4) (–8) – (–4)
5 –1 –4 1 –10 0
(b) (–3) + 7 – (19) 15 – 8 + (–9)
–5 –2 7 –4 –3 –2
(c) 23 – 41 + 11 23 – 41 – 11
0 3 –3 –6 4 –7
(i) (ii) (d) 39 + (–24) – (15) 36 + (–52) – (–36)
Sol. It can be observed that in square (i), every (e) –231 + 79 + 51 –399 + 159 + 81
row and column add up to give 0.
Sol. (a) (–8) + (–4) (–8) – (–4)
However, the sum of one of its diagonals
is not 0.  –8 – 4 –8 + 4
As – 4 – 2 = –6  0,  –12 < – 4
Therefore, (i) is not a magic square. (b) (–3) + 7 – (19) 15 – 8 + (–9)
Similarly, in square (ii), each row, column,
 –3 + 7– 19 15 – 8 – 9
and diagonal add up to give –9. Therefore,
 –15 < – 2
(ii) is a magic square.
8. Verify a – (–b) = a + b for the following (c) 23 – 41 + 11 23 – 41 – 11
values of a and b.  – 7 > – 29
(i) a = 21, b = 18 (ii) a = 118, b = 125 (d) 39 + (–24) – 15 36 + (–52) – (–36)
(iii) a = 75, b = 84 (iv) a = 28, b = 11
 39 – 24 – 15 36 – 52 + 36
Sol. (i) a = 21, b = 18
a – (–b) = 21 – (–18) = 21 + 18 = 39  0 < 20
a + b = 21 + 18 = 39 (e) –231 + 79 + 51 – 399 + 159 + 81
 a – (–b) = a + b = 39  –101 > –159

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(ii) a = 118, b = 125 10. A water tank has steps inside it. A monkey
a – (–b) = 118 – (–125) = 118 + 125 = 243 is sitting on the topmost step (i.e., the first
a + b = 118 + 125 = 243 step). The water level is at the ninth step.
 a – (– b) = a + b = 243
(iii) a = 75, b = 84
a – (–b) = 75 – (–84) = 75 + 84 = 159
a + b = 75 + 84 = 159
 a – (–b) = a + b = 159
(iv) a = 28, b = 11
a – (–b) = 28 – (–11) = 28 + 11 = 39
a + b = 28 + 11 = 39 (i) He jumps 3 steps down and then jumps
 a – (–b) = a + b = 39 back 2 steps up. In how many jumps will
he reach the water level?
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(ii) After drinking water, he wants to go back. After 8th jump, the monkey will be at step
For this, he jumps 4 steps up and then = 7 + (–2) = 5
jumps back 2 steps down in every move. After 9th jump, the monkey will be at step
In how many jumps will he reach back the =5+3=8
top step ? After 10th jump, the monkey will be at
(iii) If the number of steps moved down is step = 8 + (–2) = 6
represented by negative integers and the After 11th jump, the monkey will be at
number of steps moved up by positive step = 6 + 3 = 9
integers, represent his moves in part (i) Clearly, the monkey will be at water level
and (ii) by completing the following: i.e., 9th step) after 11 jumps.
(a) – 3 + 2 – … = – 8 (b) 4 – 2 + … = 8. (ii) Initially, the monkey was at step = 9
In (a) the sum (–8) represents going down by After 1st jump, the monkey will be at step
eight steps. So, what will the sum 8 in (b) = 9 + (–4) = 5
represent? After 2nd jump, the monkey will be at step
Sol. Let the steps moved down be represented =5+2=7
by positive integers and the steps moved After 3rd jump, the monkey will be at step
up be represented by negative integers. = 7 + (–4) = 3
(i) Initially, the monkey was at step = 1 After 4th jump, the monkey will be at step
After 1st jump, the monkey will be at step =3+2=5
=1+3=4 After 5th jump, the monkey will be at step
After 2nd jump, the monkey will be at step = 5 + (–4) = 1
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= 4 + (–2) = 2 Clearly, the monkey will reach back at the

After 3rd jump, the monkey will be at step top step after 5 jumps.
=2+3=5 (iii) If steps moved down are represented by
After 4th jump, the monkey will be at step negative integers and steps moved up are
= 5 + (–2) = 3 represented by positive integers, then his
After 5th jump, the monkey will be at step moves will be as follows.
=3+3=6 Moves in part (i) – 3 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 3
After 6th jump, the monkey will be at step +2–3+2–3=–8
= 6 + (–2) = 4 Moves in part (ii) 4 – 2 + 4 – 2 + 4 = 8
After 7th jump, the monkey will be at step Moves in part (ii) represent going up 8
=4+3=7 steps.

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NCERT Basics: Class 7
EXERCISE 1.2 4. Fill in the blanks to make the following
1. Write down a pair of integers whose: statements true:
(a) sum is – 7 (i) (–5) + (–8) = (–8) + (…)
(b) difference is – 10 (ii) –53 + … = –53
(c) sum is 0 (iii) 17 + … = 0
Sol. (a) – 8 + (+1) = –7 (iv) [13 + (–12)] + (…) = 13 + [(–12) + (–7)]
(b) – 12 – (–2) = –10 (v) (–4) + [15 + (–3)] = [(–4) + 15] + …

(c) 5 + (–5) = 0 Sol. (i) (–5) + (–8) = (–8) + [ −5]

2. (a) Write a pair of negative integers (ii) –53 + 0 = –53

whose difference gives 8. (iii) 17 + ( − 17 ) = 0
(b) Write a negative integer and a positive (iv) [13 + (–12)] + ( − 7 ) = 13 + [(–12) + (–7)]
integer whose sum is – 5.
(v) (–4) + [15 + (–3)] = [–4 + 15] + ( − 3)
(c) Write a negative integer and a positive
EXERCISE 1.3
integer whose difference is – 3.
1. Find each of the following products:
Sol. (a) –2 – (–10) = 8
(a) 3 × (– 1)
(b) –8 + 3 = –5
(b) (– 1) × 225
(c) –2 – (+1) = –3
(c) (– 21) × (– 30)
3. In a quiz, team A scored – 40, 10, 0 and (d) (– 316) × (– 1)
team B scored 10, 0 – 40 in three (e) (– 15) × 0 × (–18)
successive rounds. Which team scored (f) (– 12) × (– 11) × (10)
more ? Can we say that we can add (g) 9 × (– 3) × (– 6)
integers in any order ? (h) (– 18) × (– 5) × (– 4)

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Sol. Team A scored = –40, 10, 0. (i) (– 1) × (– 2) × (– 3) × 4
Total score = – 40 + 10 + 0 = –30 (j) (– 3) × (– 6) × (– 2) × (– 1)
Team B scored 10, 0, –40. Sol. (a) 3 × (–1) = –3
(b) (–1) × 225 = –225
Total score = 10 + 0 + (–40) = –30
(c) (–21) × (–30) = 630
 The scores of both teams are equal.
(d) (–316) × (–1) = 316
Yes, we can add integers in any order. We
(e) (–15) × 0 × (–18) = 0
had observed that the scores obtained by
(f) (–12) × (–11) × 10 = 1320
both teams in successive rounds were
(g) 9 × (–3) × (–6) = 162
numerically equal but different in order. (h) (–18) × (–5) × (–4) = –360
Yes, the total score of both teams were (i) (–1) × (–2) × (–3) × 4 = –24
equal. (j) (–3) × (–6) × (–2) × (–1) = 36

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2. Verify the following: 5. Find the product, using suitable
18 × [7 + (–3)] = [18 × 7] + [18 × (–3)] properties:
(–21) × [(–4) + (–6)] = [(–21) × (–4)] + [(– (a) 26 × (– 48) + (– 48) × (– 36)
(b) 8 × 53 × (–125)
21) × (–6)]
(c) 15 × (– 25) × (– 4) × (– 10)
Sol. (a) L.H.S. = 18 × [7 + (– 3)] = 18 × [7 – 3] (d) (– 41) × 102
= 18 × 4 = 72 (e) 625 × (– 35) + (– 625) × 65
R.H.S. = [18 × 7] + [18 × (– 3)] (f) 7 × (50 – 2)
= 126 + (– 54) = 72 (g) (– 17) × (– 29)
Hence, 18 × [7 + (–3)] = [18 × 7] + [18 × (–3)] (h) (– 57) × (– 19) + 57
Sol. (a) 26 × (–48) + (–48) × (–36)
(b) L.H.S. = (–21) × [(–4) + (–6)]
= (–48) × 26 + (–48) × (–36) [b × a = a × b]
= (–21) × [– 4 – 6] = (–21) × [–10] = 210
= (–48) [26 – 36][a × b + a × c = a (b + c)]
R.H.S. = [(–21) × (–4)] + [(–21) × (–6)] = (–48) × (–10) = 480
= 84 + 126 = 210 (b) 8 × 53 × (–125) = 8 × [53 × (–125)]
Hence, (–21) × [(–4) + (–6)] = 8 × [(–125) × 53] [b × a = a × b]
= [(–21) × (–4)] + [(–21) × (–6)] = [8 × (–125)] × 53 [a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c]
3. (i) For any integer a, what is (–1) × a equal = [–1000] × 53 = –53000
(c) 15 × (–25) × (–4) × (–10)
to ?
= 15 × [(–25) × (–4)] × (–10)
(ii) Determine the integer whose product = 15 × [100] × (–10)
with (–1) is = 15 × (–1000)
(a) –22 (b) 37 = –15000
(c) 0 (d) (–41) × 102 = (–41) × (100 + 2)
Sol. (i) (–1) × a = –a = (–41) × 100 + (–41) × 2
[a × (b + c)= (a × b) + (a × c)]
(ii) (a) 22 × (–1) = –22
= – 4100 – 82 = –4182
(b) (−37) × (–1) = 37 (e) 625 × (–35) + (–625) × 65
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= 625 × [(–35) + (–65)]

(c) 0 × (–1) = 0
[(a × b) + (a × c) = a × (b + c)]
4. Starting from (–1) × 5, write various = 625 × [–100] = –62500
products showing some pattern to show (f) 7 × (50 – 2) = (7 × 50) – (7 × 2)
(–1) × (–1) =1. [a × (b – c) = (a × b) – (a × c)]
Sol. –1 × 5 = –5 = 350 – 14 = 336
(g) (–17) × (–29) = (–17) × [–30 + 1]
–1 × 4 = –4 = – 5 + 1
= [(–17) × (–30)] + [(–17) × 1]
–1 × 3 = –3 = – 4 + 1 [a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c)]
–1 × 2 = –2 = – 3 + 1 = [510] + [–17] = 493
–1 × 1 = –1 = – 2 + 1 (h) (–57) × (–19) + 57 = 57 × 19 + 57 × 1
–1 × 0 = 0 = – 1 + 1 = 57 [19 + 1]
Therefore, –1 × (–1) = 0 + 1 = 1 [(a × b) + (a × c) = a × (b + c)]
= 57 × 20 = 1140

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NCERT Basics: Class 7
6. A certain freezing process requires that 8. A cement company earns a profit of `8 per
room temperature be lowered from 40°C bag of white cement sold and a loss of `5
at the rate of 5°C every hour. What will be per bag of grey cement sold.
(a) The company sells 3, 000 bags of white
the room temperature 10 hours after the
cement and 5,000 bags of grey cement in
process begins?
a month. What is its profit or loss?
Sol. Initial temperature = 40°C (b) What is the number of white cement bags
Change in temperature per hour = –5°C it must sell to have neither profit nor loss,
Change in temperature after 10 hours if the number of grey bags sold is 6,400
= (–5) × 10 = –50°C bags?
Final temperature = 40°C + (–50°C) = –10°C Sol. Profit is denoted by a positive integer and
7. In a class test containing 10 questions, 5 loss is denoted by a negative integer.
(a) Profit earned while selling
marks are awarded for every correct
1 bag of white cement = `8
answer and (– 2) marks are awarded for
Profit earned while selling 3000 bags of
every incorrect answer and 0 for white cement = 8 × 3000 = 24000
questions not attempted. Loss incurred while selling
(i) Mohan gets four correct and six incorrect 1 bag of grey cement = –`5
answers. What is his score? Loss incurred while selling 5000 bags of
(ii) Reshma gets five correct answers and five grey cement = –5 × 5000 = –25000
Total profit/loss earned = Profit + Loss =
incorrect answers, what is her score?
24000 + (–25000) = –1000
(iii) Heena gets two correct and five incorrect
Therefore, a loss of `1000 will be incurred
answers out of seven questions she by the company.
attempts. What is her score? (b) Loss incurred while selling
Sol. (i) Marks given for 1 correct answer = 5 1 bag of grey cement = –`5
Marks given for 4 correct answers = 5 × 4 = 20 Loss incurred while selling 6400 bags of

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Marks given for 1 wrong answer = –2 grey cement = (–5) × 6400 = –32000
Let the number of bags of white cement to
Marks given for 6 wrong answers = –2 × 6 = –12
be sold be x.
Score obtained by Mohan = 20 – 12 = 8
Profit earned while selling
(ii) Marks given for 1 correct answer = 5 1 bag of white cement = `8
Marks given for 5 correct answers = 5 × 5 = 25 Profit earned while selling x bags of white
Marks given for 1 wrong answer = –2 cement = x × 8 = 8x
Marks given for 5 wrong answers = –2 × 5 = –10 In condition of no profit no loss,
Score obtained by Reshma = 25 – 10 = 15 Profit earned + Loss incurred = 0
(iii) Similarly, 8x + (–32000) = 0
8x = 32000
Marks given for 2 correct answers = 5 × 2 = 10
x = 4000
Marks given for 5 wrong answers = –2 × 5 = –10
Therefore, 4000 bags of white cement
Score obtained by Heena = 10 – 10 = 0 must be sold.

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9. Replace the blank with an integer to make (b) a = –10, b = 1, c = 1
it a true statement. a ÷ (b + c) = (–10) ÷ (1 + 1) = (–10) ÷ 2 = –5
(a) (–3) × ______ = 27
(a ÷ b) + (a ÷ c) = [(–10) ÷ 1] + [(–10) ÷ 1]
(b) 5 × ______ = –35
= – 10 –10 = –20
(c) _____ × (–8) = –56
(d) ______ × (–12) = 132 Hence, a ÷ (b + c)  (a ÷ b) + (a ÷ c)
Sol. (a) (–3) × (−9) = 27 3. Fill in the blanks:

(b) 5 × ( −7) = –35 (a) 369 ÷ ______ = 369

(c) 7 × (–8) = –56 (b) (–75) ÷ ______ = –1

(c) (–206) ÷ _____ = 1
(d) (−11) × (–12) = 132
(d) –87 ÷ _______ = 87
EXERCISE 1.4
1. Evaluate each of the following: (e) _______ ÷ 1 = –87
(a) (–30) ÷ 10 (b) 50 ÷ (–5) (f) _______ ÷ 48 = –1
(c) (–36) ÷ (–9) (d) (–49) ÷ (49) (g) 20 ÷ ____ = –2
(e) 13 ÷ [(–2 + 1)] (f) 0 ÷ (–12) (h) ___÷ (4) = – 3
(g) (–31) ÷ [(–30) + (–1)]
Sol. (a) 369 ÷ 1 = 369
(h) [(–36) ÷ 12] ÷ 3
(i) [(–6) + 5)] ÷ [(–2) + 1] (b) (–75) ÷ 75 = –1
Sol. (a) (–30) ÷ 10 = –3
(c) (–206) ÷ (−206) = 1
(b) 50 ÷ (–5) = –10
(c) (–36) ÷ (–9) = 4 (d) –87 ÷ (−1) = + 87
(d) (–49) ÷ 49 = –1 (−87) ÷ 1 = –87
(e)
(e) 13 ÷ [–2 + 1] = 13 ÷ [–1] = –13
(f) 0 ÷ (–12) = 0 (f) (−48) ÷ 48 = –1
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(g) (–31) ÷ [(–30) + (–1)] = (–31) ÷ (–31) = 1 (g) 20 ÷ (−10) = –2

(h) [(–36) ÷ 12] ÷ 3 = [–3] ÷ 3 = –1
(i) [– 6 + 5] ÷ [– 2 + 1] = (–1) ÷ (–1) = 1 (h) (−12) ÷ (4) = –3

2. Verify that a ÷ (b + c)  (a ÷ b) + (a ÷ c) for 4. Write five pairs of integers (a, b) such

each of the following values of a, b and c. a ÷ b = – 3. One such pair is (6, – 2)
(a) a = 12, b = –4, c = 2
because 6 ÷ (– 2) = (– 3).
(b) a = (–10), b = 1, c = 1
Sol. (i) (3, –1) Because 3 ÷ (–1) = –3
Sol. (a) a = 12, b = –4, c = 2
a ÷ (b + c) = 12 ÷ (–4 + 2) = 12 ÷ (–2) = –6 (ii) (–3, 1) Because (–3) ÷ 1 = –3
(a ÷ b) + (a ÷ c) = [12 ÷ (–4)] + [12 ÷ 2] (iii) (9, –3) Because 9 ÷ (–3) = –3
= –3 + 6 = 3 (iv) (–9, 3) Because (–9) ÷ 3 = –3
Hence, a ÷ (b + c)  (a ÷ b) + (a ÷ c) (v) (12, –4) Because 12 ÷ (–4) = –3

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NCERT Basics: Class 7
5. The temperature at 12 noon was 10°C Sol. Marks obtained for 1 right answer = +3
above zero. If it decreases at the rate of Marks obtained for 1 wrong answer = –2
2°C per hour until midnight, at what time (i) Marks scored by Radhika = 20
would the temperature be 8°C below Marks obtained for 12 correct answers
zero? What would be the temperature at = 12 × 3 = 36
Marks obtained for incorrect answers =
mid – night?
Total score –
Sol. Initial temperature i.e., at 12 noon = 10°C
Marks obtained for 12 correct answers
Change in temperature per hour = –2°C
= 20 – 36 = –16
Temperature at 1:00 PM = 10°C + (–2°C) = 8°C Marks obtained for 1 wrong answer = –2
Temperature at 2:00 PM = 8°C + (–2°C) = 6°C Thus, number of incorrect answers
Temperature at 3:00 PM = 6°C + (–2°C) = 4°C = (–16) ÷ (–2) = 8
Temperature at 4:00 PM = 4°C + (–2°C) = 2°C Therefore, she attempted 8 questions
Temperature at 5:00 PM = 2°C + (–2°C) = 0°C wrongly.
Temperature at 6:00 PM = 0°C + (–2°C) = –2°C (ii) Marks scored by Mohini = –5
Temperature at 7:00 PM = –2°C + (–2°C) = –4°C Marks obtained for 7 correct answers
Temperature at 8:00 PM = –4°C + (–2°C) = –6°C = 7 × 3 = 21
Temperature at 9:00 PM = –6°C + (–2°C) = –8°C Marks obtained for incorrect answers =
Total score – Marks obtained for 12
Therefore, the temperature will be 8°C
correct answers = – 5 – 21 = –26
below zero at 9:00 PM.
Marks obtained for 1 wrong answer = –2
It will take 12 hours to be midnight (i.e.,
Thus, number of incorrect answers
12:00 AM) after 12:00 noon. = (–26) ÷ (–2) = 133
Change in temperature in 12 hours Therefore, she attempted 13 questions
= –2°C × 12 = –24°C wrongly.
At midnight, the temperature will be 7. An elevator descends into a mine shaft at

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= 10 + (–24) = –14°C the rate of 6 m/min. If the descent starts
Therefore, the temperature at midnight from 10 m above the ground level, how
will be 14°C below 0. long will it take to reach –350 m ?
6. In a class test (+ 3) marks are given for Sol. Distance descended is denoted by a
every correct answer and (–2) marks are negative integer.
Initial height = +10 m
given for every incorrect answer and no
Final depth = –350 m
marks for not attempting any question. (i)
Total distance to be descended by the
Radhika scored 20 marks. If she has got
elevator = (–350) – (+10) = –360 m
12 correct answers, how many questions Time taken by the elevator to descend –6
has she attempted incorrectly? (ii) Mohini m = 1 min
scores – 5 marks in this test, though she Thus, time taken by the elevator to
has got 7 correct answers. How many descend –360 m
questions has she attempted incorrectly? = (–360) ÷ (–6) = 60 minutes = 1 hour

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