Quiz 3 of Power System II

Professor: Dr. Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado

2PAO-2023 21/December/2023

STUDENT NAME: Solution

Attention: for the given case studies you must work with at least 4 decimals, otherwise 15% will be
subtracted from your final grade.

Case Study #1: Failure event of a transmission system with tidal generation (100 marks)

A transmission system fed by tidal generation is presented in Figure 1, whose daily voltage profile is as shown
in Figure 2. Based on the given data, and neglecting the phase shift due to transformer connection and taking
as base the data of the generator, proceed as follows:

(a) Determine the impedance matrix and branches of positive and zero sequences, which must 20 marks
be of dimension 4×4. Tip: in the case of a three-winding transformer, consider the junction
point between the windings as a ‘bus 4’.

(b) If a two phase to ground fault occurs in bus 2, in between 20h00 an 21h00 calculate:
i) Calculate the voltages in phase domain in each bus per unit. 35 marks
ii) Determine the currents in phase domain in each branch per unit. 20 marks
iii) Make the three-wire diagram showing the currents in [A]. 25 marks

Figure 1 Test power system with tidal generation

Figure 2 Voltage profile of the tidal generator

Solution:

Before performing any calculation, it is necessary to highlight that all the elements have the same power and
voltage base (referring to whether high or low voltage) so it is not necessary to apply a base change.

On the other hand, we have a three-winding transformer whose reactances are defined as follows:

𝑍𝐻 = 0.5(𝑍𝐻𝐿 + 𝑍𝐻𝑇 − 𝑍𝐿𝑇 ) = 0.5(𝑗0.05 + 𝑗0.10 − 𝑗0.07)

𝑍𝐻 = 𝑗0.04

𝑍𝐿 = 0.5(𝑍𝐻𝐿 − 𝑍𝐻𝑇 + 𝑍𝐿𝑇 ) = 0.5(𝑗0.05 − 𝑗0.10 + 𝑗0.07)

𝑍𝐿 = 𝑗0.01

𝑍𝑇 = 0.5(−𝑍𝐻𝐿 + 𝑍𝐻𝑇 + 𝑍𝐿𝑇 ) = 0.5(−𝑗0.05 + 𝑗0.10 + 𝑗0.07)

𝑍𝑇 = 𝑗0.06

(a) 𝒁𝟏𝒃𝒓 =? ; 𝒁𝟐𝒃𝒓 =? ; 𝒁𝟎𝒃𝒓 =? ; 𝒁𝟏𝒃𝒖𝒔 =? ; 𝒁𝟐𝒃𝒖𝒔 =? ; 𝒁𝟑𝒃𝒖𝒔 =?

The sequence diagram (prior to the failure event) is as shown below:

Branch Impedance matrix of sequence:

0 0 0 0.26
1 2 0 0 0 0.04
𝑍𝑏𝑟 = 𝑍𝑏𝑟 = 𝑗[ ]
0 0 0 0.06
0.26 0.04 0.06 0

0 ∞ ∞ ∞
0 ∞ 0 ∞ 0.04
𝑍𝑏𝑟 = 𝑗[ ]
∞ ∞ 0 ∞
∞ 0.04 ∞ 0
Bus Impedance matrix of sequence:
−1
1 1 1
+ 0 0 −
0.10 0.26 0.26
1 1
0 0 −
1
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 =𝑗 0.04 0.04
1 1
0 0 −
0.06 0.06
1 1 1 1 1 1
[ − − − + +
0.26 0.04 0.06 0.26 0.04 0.06]

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

1 2 0.10 0.40 0.36 0.36
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑗[ ]
0.10 0.36 0.42 0.36
0.10 0.36 0.36 0.36

It can be seen from the zero-sequence diagram that bus 3 is isolated. Then, applying modification of the impedance
matrix we have:

0.08 0 0 0
0 0 0.10 0 0.06
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑗[ ]
0 0 0 0
0 0.06 0 0.06

Case Study 1 (a): Total 20 marks

Weight Look inside the cell below
Correctly perform the sequence network diagram (+4 marks)
Results 1 0 1 2
Correctly determine 𝑍𝑏𝑟 , 𝑍𝑏𝑟 , 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 , 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 (+4 marks each)

(b) Three-wire diagram of a two phase to ground failure in bus 2 in between 20h00 an 21h00

(b.i) 𝑽𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒃𝒄

𝒃𝒖𝒔𝟏 =? ; 𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝟐 =? ; 𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝟑 =? ; 𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝟒 =? in per unit

According to the voltage profile between 20:00 and 21:00, the generator presents a voltage of 0.95 per unit,
therefore, prior to the failure event, the voltages in all the bars present this value per unit (given the absence of
load in the system).

Failure current in per unit

𝑝𝐹
1
𝑉𝑘 0.95
𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = 2 0
=
1
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) (𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) + 3𝑍𝐹 ) 𝑗0.40(𝑗0.10 + 3(0))
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) + ( 2 ) 𝑗0.40 + ( )
0
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) + 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) + 3𝑍𝐹 𝑗0.40 + 𝑗0.10 + 3(0)

1
𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = −𝑗1.9792

𝑝𝐹 1 1
2
𝑉𝑘 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 0.95 − (𝑗0.40)(−𝑗1.9792)
𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 =− 2 =−
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) 𝑗0.40

2
𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = 𝑗0.3958
𝑝𝐹 1 1
0
𝑉𝑘 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 0.95 − (𝑗0.40)(−𝑗1.9792)
𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 =− 0 =−
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) + 3𝑍𝐹 𝑗0.10 + 0

0
𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = 𝑗1.5833
Sequence voltages on existing buses during the fault per unit
0 0
0 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(1,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 0 − (0)(𝑗1.5833)
012 𝐹 1 1
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 = [𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(1,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 ] = [0.95 − (𝑗0.10)(−𝑗1.9792)]
0 2 2
− 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(1,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 0 − (𝑗0.10)(𝑗0.3958)

0
012
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 = [0.7521]
0.0396
0 0
0 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 0 − (𝑗0.10)(𝑗1.5833)
012 𝐹 1 1
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = [𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 ] = [0.95 − (𝑗0.40)(−𝑗1.9792)]
0 − 𝑍2 𝐼2
𝑏𝑢𝑠(2,2) 𝑏𝑢𝑠2
0 − (𝑗0.40)(𝑗0.3958)

0.1583
012
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = [0.1583]
0.1583
0 0
0 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(3,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 0 − (0)(𝑗1.5833)
012 𝐹 1 1
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠3 = [𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(3,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 ] = [0.95 − (0)(−𝑗1.9792)]
0 − 𝑍2 𝐼2
𝑏𝑢𝑠(3,2) 𝑏𝑢𝑠2
0 − (0)(𝑗0.3958)

0
012
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠3 = [0.2375]
0.1425
0 0
0 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(4,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 0 − (𝑗0.06)(𝑗1.5833)
012 𝐹 1 1
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 = [𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 − 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠(4,2) 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 ] = [0.95 − (𝑗0.06)(−𝑗1.9792)]
0 − 𝑍2 𝐼2
𝑏𝑢𝑠(4,2) 𝑏𝑢𝑠2
0 − (𝑗0.06)(𝑗0.3958)

0.0950
012
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 = [0.2375]
0.1425

Phase voltages on existing buses during the fault per unit

1 1 1 0
𝑎𝑏𝑐 012
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 = [1 a2 a ] [0.7521]
1 a a2 0.0396

0.7917∡0°
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 = [0.7331∡ − 122.6802°]
0.7331∡122.6802°

1 1 1 0.1583
𝑎𝑏𝑐 012
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = 𝐴𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = [1 a2 a ] [0.1583]
1 a a2 0.1583

0.4750∡0°
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 =[ 0 ]
0

1 1 1 0
𝑎𝑏𝑐 012
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠3 = 𝐴𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠3 = [1 a2 a ] [0.2375]
1 a a2 0.1425
 0.2∡0°
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠3 = [0.2070∡ − 156.5868°]
0.2070∡156.5868°
1 1 1 0.0950
𝑎𝑏𝑐 012
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 = 𝐴𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 = [1 a2 a ] [0.2375]
1 a a2 0.1425

0.4750∡0°
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 = [0.1257∡ − 139.1066°]
0.1257∡139.1066°

Case Study (b.i): Total 35 marks

Weight Look inside the cell below
𝑎𝑏𝑐
Correctly calculate 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠2 (+3.00 marks)
012 012 012 012
Results Correctly calculate 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 , 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 , 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠3 , 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 (+4.00 marks each)
𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐
Correctly calculate 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 , 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠2 , 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠3 , 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 (+4.00 marks each)

(ii) 𝑰𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒃𝒄

𝟏𝟒 =? ; 𝑰𝟒𝟐 =? ; 𝑰𝟒𝟑 =? in per unit

0 0 0
(𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 − 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 )/𝑍𝑏𝑟14 1 1 1 (0 − 0.0950)/∞
𝑎𝑏𝑐 1 1 1
𝐼14 = 𝐴 [(𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 − 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 )/𝑍𝑏𝑟14 ] = [1 a2 a ] [ (0.7521 − 0.0396)/𝑗0.26 ]
2
(𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠1 2
− 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠4 2
)/𝑍𝑏𝑟14 1 a a2 (−0.0396 − 0.1425)/𝑗0.26

1.5833∡ − 90°
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐼14 = [2.2039∡158.9483°]
2.2039∡21.0517°
0
(𝑉40 − 𝑉20 )/𝑍𝑏𝑟42 1 1 1 (0.1583 − 0.0950)/𝑗0.04
𝑎𝑏𝑐 1 1 1
𝐼42 = 𝐴 [(𝑉4 − 𝑉2 )/𝑍𝑏𝑟42 ] = [1 a2 a ] [(0.1583 − 0.2375)/𝑗0.36]
2
(𝑉42 − 𝑉22 )/𝑍𝑏𝑟42 1 a a2 (0.1583 − 0.1425)/𝑗0.36

0
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐼42 = [ 3.1418∡ − 49.1066° ]
3.1418∡ − 130.8934°
0
(𝑉40 − 𝑉30 )/𝑍𝑏𝑟43 1 1 1 (0 − 0.0950)/∞
𝑎𝑏𝑐 1 1 1
𝐼43 = 𝐴 [(𝑉4 − 𝑉3 )/𝑍𝑏𝑟43 ] = [1 a2 a ] [(0.2375 − 0.2375)/𝑗0.06]
2
(𝑉42 − 𝑉32 )/𝑍𝑏𝑟43 1 a a2 (0.1425 − 0.1425)/𝑗0.06

0
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐼43 = [0]
0

Case Study (b.ii): Total 20 marks

Weight Look inside the cell below
Correctly complete the three-wire diagram (+ 8 puntos)
Results 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐
Correctly determine 𝐼𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 , 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 , 𝐼𝐹 , 𝐼Δ (+8 puntos c/u)
(iii) 𝑰𝒂𝒃𝒄
𝒈 =? ; 𝑰𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒃𝒄
𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 =? ; 𝑰𝑭 =? in amperes within a three-wire diagram

The three-wire diagram is as shown below:

Where the value of each phase current in amperes is calculated as follows:

1.5833∡ − 90° 5
× 106
𝐼𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐼14 𝐼𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒1 = [2.2039∡158.9483°] ( 3 )
13.8
2.2039∡21.0517° × 103
√3

331.2094∡ − 90°
𝐼𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 = [461.240∡158.9483°] A
461.240∡21.0517°

𝐼𝑔𝑛 = 𝐼𝑔𝑎 + 𝐼𝑔𝑏 + 𝐼𝑔𝑐 = (331.2094∡ − 90°) + (461.240∡158.9483°) + (461.240∡21.0517°)

𝑛
𝐼𝑔𝑛 = 𝐼𝑇1.𝐿 =0

1.5833∡ − 90° 5
× 106
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐼14 𝐼𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒2 = [2.2039∡158.9483°] ( 3 )
138
2.2039∡21.0517° × 103
√3

33.1209∡ − 90°
𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝐼𝑇2.𝐻 [46.1024∡158.9483°] A
46.1024∡21.0517°
𝑛 𝑛 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝐼𝑇1.𝐻 = 𝐼𝑇2.𝐻 = 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 + 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 + 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = (33.1209∡ − 90°) + (46.1024∡158.9483°) + (46.1024∡21.0517°)
𝑛 𝑛
𝐼𝑇1.𝐻 = 𝐼𝑇2.𝐻 =0

0 5
× 106
𝐼𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐼42 𝐼𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒4 = [ 3.1418∡ − 49.1066° ] ( 3 )
13.8
3.1418∡ − 130.8934° × 103
√3

0
𝐼𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 𝐼𝑇2.𝐿 = [ 657.2233∡ − 49.1066° ] A
657.2233∡ − 130.8934°
 𝑛
𝐼𝑇2.𝐿 = 𝐼𝐹𝑎 + 𝐼𝐹𝑏 + 𝐼𝐹𝑐 = (430.39∡ − 90°) + (220.20∡90°) + (220.20∡90°)
𝑛
𝐼𝑇2.𝐿 =0

𝑗1.5833
𝑎𝑏𝑐
5 × 106
𝐼Δ𝑎𝑏𝑐 = −𝐼40(𝑝𝑢) 𝐼𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒3 = − [𝑗1.5833] ( )
69 × 103
𝑗1.5833

114.7343∡90°
𝐼Δ𝑎𝑏𝑐 = [114.7343∡90°] A
114.7343∡90°

Case Study (b.iii): Total 25 marks

Weight Look inside the cell below
Correctly complete the three-wire diagram (+ 5 marks)
Results 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐
Correctly determine 𝐼𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 , 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 , 𝐼𝐹 , 𝐼Δ (+5 marks each)