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Introduction To Computers

The document provides an overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), emphasizing the essential functions and advantages of computers, such as high speed, accuracy, and versatility. It also discusses the applications of computers in various sectors including business, banking, insurance, education, and marketing, highlighting their role in improving efficiency and reducing paperwork. Additionally, the document addresses the limitations of computers, including their lack of intelligence and emotional capacity.

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simon nyangajo
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3 views3 pages

Introduction To Computers

The document provides an overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), emphasizing the essential functions and advantages of computers, such as high speed, accuracy, and versatility. It also discusses the applications of computers in various sectors including business, banking, insurance, education, and marketing, highlighting their role in improving efficiency and reducing paperwork. Additionally, the document addresses the limitations of computers, including their lack of intelligence and emotional capacity.

Uploaded by

simon nyangajo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO ICT

Today’s world is an information-rich world and it has become a necessity for everyone to
know about computers. A computer is an electronic data processing device, which accepts
and

If we look at it in a very broad sense, any digital computer carries out the following five
functions:

Step 1 - Takes data as input.

Step 2 - Stores the data/instructions in its memory and uses them as required.

Step 3 - Processes the data and converts it into useful information.

Step 4 - Generates the output.

Step 5 - Controls all the above four steps.

Advantages of Computers

Following are certain advantages of computers.

High Speed

 Computer is a very fast device.


 It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.
 The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the
picosecond.
 It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man who
will spend many months to perform the same task.

Accuracy

 In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.


 The calculations are 100% error free.
 Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that the input is correct.
Storage Capability
 Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.
 A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings.
 It can store large amount of data.
 It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio, etc.
o Diligence
 Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of
concentration.
 It can work continuously without any error and boredom.
 It can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and accuracy.
o Versatility
 A computer is a very versatile machine.
 A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
 This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.
 At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next
moment it may be playing a card game.

Reliability

 A computer is a reliable machine.


 Modern electronic components have long lives.
 Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.

Automation

 Computer is an automatic machine.


 Automation is the ability to perform a given task automatically. Once the
computer receives a program i.e., the program is stored in the computer memory,
then the
 program and instruction can control the program execution without human
interaction.
 Reduction in Paper Work and Cost
 The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to reduction in
paper work and results in speeding up the process.
 As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the problem of
maintenance of large number of paper files gets reduced.
 Though the initial investment for installing a computer is high, it substantially
reduces the cost of each of its transaction.

Disadvantages of Computers

Following are certain disadvantages of computers.

No Intelligence Quotient.

 A computer is a machine that has no intelligence to perform any task.


 Each instruction has to be given to the computer.
 A computer cannot take any decision on its own.
 Dependency
 It functions as per the user’s instruction, thus it is fully dependent on humans.
Environment
 The operating environment of the computer should be dust free and suitable.
 No Feeling
 Computers have no feelings or emotions.
 It cannot make judgment based on feeling, taste, experience, and knowledge
unlike humans.

2. Computer Fundamentals ─ Applications

A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility

which has made it an integrated part in all business organizations.

Computer is used in business organizations for:

 Payroll calculations
 Budgeting
 Sales analysis
 Financial forecasting
 Managing employee database
 Maintenance of stocks, etc.

Banking : Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.

Banks provide the following facilities:

 Online accounting facility, which includes checking current balance, making


deposits and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee records.
 ATM machines which are completely automated are making it even easier for
customers to deal with banks.

Insurance

 Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of
computers.
 Insurance companies, finance houses, and stock broking firms are widely using
computers
 for their concerns.
 Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients with
information showing:
 Procedure to continue with policies
 Starting date of the policies
  Next due installment of a policy  Maturity date
 Interests due
 Survival benefits
 Bonus

Education

The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education system.

 The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE (Computer
Based Education).
 CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
 Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of
computer students.
 There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a
computer to educate the students.
 It is used to prepare a database about performance of a student and analysis is
carried out on this basis.

Marketing

In marketing, uses of the computer are following:

 Advertising : With computers advertising professionals create art and graphics, write
and revise copy,
 Home Shopping - Home shopping has been made possible through the use of
computerized catalogues that provide access to product information and permit
direct entry of orders to be filled by the customers print and disseminate ads with the
goal of selling more products.

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