CONSTRUCTION

SPECIFICATIONS

Submitted By: Ian Lester P. Cowa Instructor: Engr. Grant Lloyd Lawaguey
Date Submitted: Plate No. 12
 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
PROJECT: Proposed Two Storey Residential Building
LOCATION: Beckel, La Trinidad, Benguet
OWNER(S): Mr. Ian Lester Cowa

This set of Specifications shall govern the methods of construction and the kinds of materials
to be used for the proposed building shown in the plans and detail drawings. The plans, detail
drawings, and these Specifications shall be considered as complementing each other, so that
what is mentioned or shown in one, although not mentioned or shown in the other, shall be
considered as appearing on both. In case of a discrepancy between the two, the same shall be
referred to the designing Architect/Engineer for resolution.

I. General Conditions or Requirements

All parts of the construction shall be finished with first-class workmanship, to the fullest
meaning of these Specifications, and to the entire satisfaction of the Architect and the Owner.
The construction shall conform to all the requirements of the National Building Code, as well
as the local rules and regulations of the Municipality/City of Baguio City, Philippines

Climate Considerations: Cool climate, frequent rain, and occasional seismic activity.
Standards: Compliance with ASTM, ACI, and local building codes.
Inspection: All works shall be subject to inspection and approval by the Project Engineer.

II. Workmanship
General Requirements: All work shall be performed in a workmanlike manner by skilled
craftsmen.
Quality Control: Continuous monitoring to ensure all construction adheres to the specified
standards and tolerances.

III. Excavation and Backfilling Works

-Clearing the site
The building site shall be leveled according to the plans and cleared of rubbish, roots, and
other perishable and objectionable matters to a suitable subgrade. All such unsuitable
materials shall be removed from the building site and spread uniformly over the areas
adjacent to the proposed building, or otherwise disposed of as directed by the Architect or
Engineer in charge of the construction.
-Staking Out Building Lines
The building lines shall be staked out and all lines and grades shown in the drawing
established before any execution is started. Batter boards and reference marks shall be erected
at such places where they will not be disturbed during the excavation of the building.
-Excavation
All excavations shall be to the grade indicated in the drawings. Where the building site is
covered with any kind of fill, the excavation for footings should be made deeper until the
stratum for safe bearing capacity of the soil is reached. Whenever water is encountered in the
excavation process, it shall be removed by bailing or pumping, care being taken that the
surrounding soil particles are not disturbed or removed.
Excavated Materials:
- Shall be classified as suitable or unsuitable. Suitable materials shall be reused for
backfilling where appropriate.
Excavation:
- Shall be carried out to the required depths and dimensions as per the design.
- Safety measures must be in place to prevent cave-ins.
-Backfilling
After concrete for foundations is hard enough to withstand pressure resulting from fills, the
materials removed from excavations shall be used for backfill around them. Backfill and fills
shall be placed in layers not exceeding 200mm in thickness, and each layer shall be
thoroughly compacted by wetting, tamping, and rolling.
- Backfilling:
- Shall be done in layers not exceeding 200mm, compacted to 95% Modified Proctor
Density.
- Use suitable materials free from organic matter and large rocks.

IV. Concrete Works

All concrete shall be mixed thoroughly until there is a uniform distribution of the cement and
aggregates and should be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position, care being
taken to avoid segregation of the aggregates. Water to be used for mixing concrete shall be
clean and free from injurious amounts of oil, acids, alkalis, salt, and other organic materials.

a. Applicable Methodology of Mixing and Placement

- Mixing:
- Use batch mixers. First batch should coat the inside of the mixer drum without reducing
cement content.
- Placement:
- Concrete should be placed within 90 minutes of mixing.
- Ensure proper compaction and curing.
All concrete works shall be done in accordance with the standard specifications for plain and
reinforced concrete as adopted by the Government. Cement to be used shall be HOLCIM
Portland cement, ATLAs brand pozzolan cement, or any other equivalent brands more readily
available in the locality. Alternative cements so selected must meet the approval of the
Architect or Engineer in charge of construction. The following proportions of concrete
mixtures shall be used for the various parts of the building
b. Concrete Design Mixture
- Type:
- Class A (1:2:4) - For reinforced concrete beams, slabs, columns, and footings.
- Class B (1:2.5:5) - For general concrete works.
- Class C (1:3:6) - For concrete slab footings on fill, septic vault cover.
- Proportions: Determined by laboratory tests for specific requirements.
- Consistency (Slump):
- Pavement and slabs: 50mm (28-75mm range)
- Heavy reinforced foundation walls & footings: 50-75mm (50-100mm range)
- Thin reinforced walls & columns: 75mm (75-100mm range)
c. Storage of Materials
- Cement: Stored in a dry, weather-tight facility.
- Aggregates: Stored to prevent contamination and segregation
.
FORMS FOR CONCRETE WORKS
All forms for concrete works shall be properly braced or connected together so as to maintain
the correct position and shapes of the concrete members. Forms shall be constructed
sufficiently tight to prevent bulging and seepage of water. Forms shall not be removed until
the concrete has attained sufficient strength to support its own weight and any loads that may
be placed on it.

V. Reinforcing Steel Bar Works

STEEL REINFORCING BARS
All steel reinforcing bars to be used in this construction shall consist of round deformed bars
with lugs or projections on their sides to provide a greater bond between the concrete and the
 steel. All steel reinforcing bars to be used shall be PAG-ASA brand. They shall be accurately
placed and secured against displacement by tying them together at each bar intersection with
Gauge No. 16 galvanized iron wire. The steel reinforcing bars indicated for footings,
columns, slabs, beams, girders, and other concrete members shall conform to the number,
size, and spacing as indicated in the drawings or schedule of steel reinforcements.
a. Grades of RSB to be used
- Steel Grade: ASTM A615 Grade 60.
b. Development Lengths
- As per design specifications, typically 40 times the diameter of the bar for standard
conditions.
c. Splicing Lengths
- As per design specifications, typically 40 times the diameter of the bar for standard
conditions.
d. Storage of Materials
- Steel Bars: Stored on raised platforms, free from rust and contaminants.

VI. Formworks and Falseworks

a. Materials and Installation
-Materials: Steel or new approved lumber.
- Installation: As per ACI 347, ensuring sufficient strength and tightness to prevent loss of
mortar.

b. Removal of Formworks
- Timing:
- Vertical Forms: Minimum of 24 hours.
- Slab Forms: Minimum of 7 days.
- Support Forms: As per the strength of concrete, typically 14 days.

VII. Masonry Works

MASONRY WORKS
Masonry works shall be done using materials specified in the plans. Masonry units shall be
laid plumb and true to line. Joints shall be uniform and neatly tooled. Mortar shall be applied
evenly, and excess mortar shall be removed.
 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
Concrete hollow blocks to be used in this project shall be ACPI (Allied Concrete Products,
Inc.) brand. All exterior concrete hollow blocks for first-floor walls shall be at least 150mm
thick while concrete hollow blocks for interior walls, unless otherwise indicated, shall be
100mm thick. For interior CHB walls where plumbing pipes and fittings shall be located, the
thickness shall be at least 150mm. Concrete hollow blocks for walls above the first floor shall
be 100mm thick. The concrete hollow block walls shall be laid, and the cells filled with
cement mortar consisting of 1 part Portland cement and 3 parts sand by volume, reinforced
with round deformed bars 10mm in diameter, spaced not more than 0.80m on centers, both
ways.
a. Size of CHB
- Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB): 150mm x 200mm x 400mm.
b. Mortar Mixture
- Proportions: 1 part cement to 3 parts sand.

c. Spacing and Size of Reinforcement

- Vertical Reinforcement: 10mmØ at 600mm on center.
- Horizontal Reinforcement: 10mmØ every fourth course.

d. Plastering Thickness and Mixture

- Thickness: 12mm.
- Mixture: 1 part cement to 3 parts sand.

VIII. Other Walls and Finishes

a. Framing Materials and Installation
- Materials: Galvanized steel framing.
- Installation: As per manufacturer's recommendations.

b. Finishing Materials and Installation

- Materials: Gypsum board, cement plaster.
- Installation: Ensure all surfaces are clean and prepared before installation.
WALL AND FLOOR FINISHES
The toilet and bathroom floors shall be finished with unglazed mosaic tiles carrying the brand
MARIWASA tiles. The walls of the toilets, bathrooms, top of kitchen cabinets, and laundry
tub, and their adjacent walls shall be wainscoted with 200mm x 200mm (8"x8")
MARIWASA glazed tiles. Interior and exterior corners of tiled floors and walls shall be
provided with the necessary tile moldings. All tiles for floor, walls, and moldings shall be
free from laminations, chipped-off corners, and other defects which would adversely affect
their appearance and strength. All joints between tiles and moldings shall be filled with
PRIME brand white cement and then carefully wiped.

IX. Roof Framing Truss

a. Materials
-Steel Trusses: ASTM A36.
b. Installation
-Installation: As per design specifications and manufacturer's guidelines.

X. Roofing Works
ROOFING
The roof shall be covered with JACINTO COLORSTEEL pre-painted roofing sheets as
shown on the plans. The roofing sheets shall be secured to the purlins with 6mm dia. (1/4")
bolts and nuts. Ridge rolls, hip rolls, and valleys to be used shall be compatible with
JACINTO COLORSTEEL pre-painted(Red) long-span roofing sheets. They shall lap the
roofing sheets at least 250mm. All roofing sheets adjacent to concrete hollow block and other
masonry walls such as at property line firewalls shall be provided with Gauge No. 26 plain
GI flashing to extend up to the top and over to the other side of the wall.

a. Materials (Design, Color)

- Design: Twin rib longspan roofing.
- Color: RED.

b. Installation
- Installation: Proper anchorage and installation, including gutters and flashings.
XI. Ceiling Frames and Finishes
a. Materials
- Materials: Gypsum board, U-shaped baffle carrier.

b. Installation
- Installation: Suspended ceiling systems installed as per manufacturer’s specifications.

XII. Doors and Windows

STEEL WINDOWS
Steel windows to be used in this project shall conform to the size and designs shown in the
detail drawings or schedule of steel windows, or as per the bill of materials.

JALOUSIE WINDOWS
Jalousie windows to be installed shall conform to the detail drawings or schedule of jalousie
windows, or as shown in the bill of materials. Hardware and fittings for louver windows shall
be galvanized-plated steel with rotor-operators. Glass jalousie slats shall be Glass jalousie
slats shall be 5.5mm thick x 100mm wide. Use frosted glass blades for all bedroom areas and
clear glass slats for all other rooms. Glass jalousie windows shall be provided with aluminum
screens. Wrought iron grilles using at least 12mm square steel bars shall be installed on all
jalousie windows.

DOORS AND DOOR FRAMES

Doors and door frames shall conform to the sizes, designs, and kinds of materials shown in
the details of doors, schedule of doors, or as per the bill of materials. All wooden doors shall
be hung on at least 3 pieces of 102mm x 102mm (4" x 4") loose-pin bearing template hinges.
Door locksets to be used shall be WEISER brand to be installed 1024mm from the finished
floor line. Rails and rollers for the sliding doors shall be B.F. Metal Corporation.

a. Materials including Hardware

- Materials: Aluminum frames, glass panels, heavy-duty hardware.
- Hardware: Hinges, locks, handles, and other accessories.
XIII. Floor Finishes
FLOOR FINISHES
a. Materials
The materials to be used as floor finishes for the rooms of the building shall be as follows:
- Entrance Porch: White Pebble Washout
- Living Room: MARBLEHAUS marble slabs
- Dining Room: MARBLEHAUS marble slabs
- Kitchen: KENT Vinyl Tiles
- Carport: Black Pebble Washout
- Bedrooms (Second Floor) and Hall: 1"x4" T&G wood Flooring

b. Installation
- Installation: Ensure proper surface preparation and adhesive application.

XIV. Painting
PAINTING
All painting work for this project, except as hereinafter specified, shall be done with the use
of DAVIES paint products manufactured by DAVIES PAINTS, PHILIPPINES, INC. whose
specifications are hereby declared and made a part of this Specification, with the same force
and effect as if written herein in full. The painting contractor shall supply all labor, DAVIES
paint materials, tools, staging, and equipment required for the painting and finishing work
shown in the schedule of painting and finishing work for this project.
The painting contractor shall store his materials in one place in the building to be kept neat
and clean, care being taken in the storage of paints, oils, etc. to prevent danger of fire. Oily
rags shall be kept in metal containers and shall be removed from the building every end of the
working day. Upon completion of the painting works, the painting contractor shall remove
any paint spots from all finished work. He shall present his work to the Project Owner or
Architect/Engineer in charge of construction, free from blemishes and rubbish generated by
his workers.
It shall be the painting contractor's responsibility to protect his work and those of other
contractors during the time his work is underway. He shall be responsible for any damage to
the work or property of others caused by his employees or by himself. Before any painting is
done, all surfaces shall be cleaned, smoothed, and freed from dust, dirt, grease, mortar, rust,
and other foreign substances. All parts where paint remover has been used shall be washed
off with paint or lacquer thinner. All paints shall be spread evenly and carefully. All paint and
paint materials shall be delivered to the building site in unbroken packages, bearing the marks
of the specified brand. No adulteration of specified paints with other brands shall be allowed.
i. Preparation Works
- Surface Preparation: Clean all surfaces, remove loose materials, ensure surfaces are dry.
ii. Finishing Works
- Wood: Primer and two coats of high-quality enamel.
- Metal: Rust-inhibitive primer and two coats of enamel paint.
- Masonry: Primer and two coats of exterior-grade acrylic paint.

XV. OTHERS
LUMBER
Lumber to be used in this project shall be well seasoned, thoroughly dry, and free from loose
or unsound knots, shakes, or other imperfections impairing their strength or appearances. The
kind of lumber to be used for the various parts of the building shall be as follows:
- Exterior door frames: YAKAL
- Interior door frames: GUIJO
- Fascia Boards, Cabinets/Closet Shelves, Purlins, Wall Studs, Ceiling Joists, Cleats: KD
TANGUILE
- Stair Treads, Stringers, Risers, and Handrails: NARRA
- Trusses or Rafters, Floor Joists, and Bridging’s: APITONG
ELECTRICAL WORKS
The electrical installation shall be done in accordance with the approved plans and under the
direct supervision and control of a licensed Professional Electrical Engineer or Master
Electrician. All electric works and materials shall conform to the provisions of the latest
edition of the Philippine or National Electric Code. The electrical wiring shall be installed
through MOLDFLEX coilable PVC electrical conduit fittings and appurtenances that
conform with ISO dimensions. The type of electrical service to be supplied to the building
shall be 220V, AC, single phase.
STORM DRAINAGE
All downspouts from the roof gutters shall end in concrete catch basins, to which 6" diameter
reinforced concrete drainage pipes shall be connected, leading to the street gutter fronting the
building.
PLUMBING WORKS
The plumbing installation shall be done in accordance with the approved plans and under the
direct supervision and control of a licensed Professional Plumbing Engineer or Master
Plumber. All plumbing works and materials shall conform to the provisions of the latest
edition of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. The plumbing system shall be
installed through PVC pipes and fittings that conform with ISO dimensions. The type of
water supply system to be installed shall be a pressurized system.
SEPTIC VAULT
Where a sanitary sewer system of sewage disposal is not in operation in the locality, a
standard septic vault shall be constructed as shown in the drawings. The septic vault shall be
made of reinforced concrete with water-tight walls and bottom slab. The interior of the vault
shall be finished with a waterproofing compound to ensure water-tightness.
CEILING WORKS
Ceiling works shall be done using gypsum boards or fiber cement boards, as specified in the
plans. The ceiling boards shall be supported by a metal furring system spaced at intervals as
specified. All joints shall be treated with joint compound and covered with joint tape before
the application of paint.
CARPENTRY AND JOINERY
All carpentry and joinery works shall be done with first-class workmanship. The kind of
wood to be used shall be as specified in the plans and approved by the Architect/Engineer in
charge. All wooden surfaces shall be planed smooth, and sharp edges shall be rounded. Joints
shall be tight and well-fitted.
TILE WORKS
Tile works for floors and walls shall be done using tiles of the size and type specified in the
plans. Tiles shall be laid out straight, with even joints. Adhesive and grout shall be applied as
per the manufacturer's instructions. Before laying tiles, the surface shall be cleaned and
leveled.
GLASS AND GLAZING
Glass and glazing works shall be done using glass of the thickness and type specified in the
plans. Glass shall be cut accurately to fit the frames. Edges of glass panes shall be smooth
and free from chips and cracks. Glazing compound shall be applied evenly.
METAL WORKS
All metal works, including railings, grills, and structural steel members, shall be fabricated
and installed as specified in the plans. Metal surfaces shall be clean, free from rust, and
properly painted or coated to prevent corrosion.

FINAL CLEAN-UP
Upon completion of all construction works, the Contractor shall remove all debris, unused
materials, and equipment from the site. All surfaces shall be cleaned, and the site shall be left
in a neat and tidy condition.
MODE OF PAYMENT
1. Payment Schedule:
Payment for the construction project shall be made in installments, based on the completion
of specific stages of the work. The payment schedule is as follows:
- Mobilization: 10% of the total contract amount upon signing the contract and
commencement of work on site.
- Completion of Foundation Works:20% of the total contract amount upon completion of
excavation, foundation, and footings, verified and approved by the Architect/Engineer in
charge.
- Completion of Structural Framework: 20% of the total contract amount upon completion
of columns, beams, slabs, and the structural framework, verified and approved by the
Architect/Engineer in charge.
- Completion of Walling and Roofing: 20% of the total contract amount upon completion of
all masonry works, roof framing, and roofing installation, verified and approved by the
Architect/Engineer in charge.
- Completion of Rough-ins and Plastering: 15% of the total contract amount upon
completion of electrical and plumbing rough-ins, internal and external plastering works,
verified and approved by the Architect/Engineer in charge.
- Completion of Finishing Works: 10% of the total contract amount upon completion of
painting, tiling, ceiling works, carpentry, joinery, and installation of doors and windows,
verified and approved by the Architect/Engineer in charge.
- Final Completion: 5% of the total contract amount upon final inspection and acceptance
of the completed project, ensuring all punch list items have been addressed and the site has
been cleaned.
2. Retainage:
A retainage amounting to 5% of each installment payment shall be withheld to ensure the
satisfactory completion of the project. The retainage shall be released upon the issuance of
the Certificate of Final Acceptance by the Architect/Engineer in charge.
3. Change Orders:
Any change orders resulting in additional work or alterations to the original scope of work
shall be documented, and the cost agreed upon in writing before the execution of such work.
Payment for change orders shall be made upon completion and approval of the changes.
4. Payment Terms:
- All payments shall be made in Philippine Pesos.
- Payments shall be made within 15 days upon presentation of the invoice and certification
of completion by the Architect/Engineer in charge.
- Late payments shall incur a penalty of 1% per month on the outstanding amount.
5. Dispute Resolution:
In the event of any dispute arising from the payment terms or project completion, both
parties agree to resolve the matter through mediation or arbitration in accordance with the
rules of the Philippine Institute of Arbitrators.