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Networking STD 11

The document provides an introduction to computer networking, defining it as the interconnection of machines for communication and resource sharing. It outlines the objectives of networking, types of area networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), and different networking models (Centralized, Distributed, Cooperative). Additionally, it discusses various applications of networking, including voice and video calling, email services, eCommerce, and social networking.

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4 views5 pages

Networking STD 11

The document provides an introduction to computer networking, defining it as the interconnection of machines for communication and resource sharing. It outlines the objectives of networking, types of area networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), and different networking models (Centralized, Distributed, Cooperative). Additionally, it discusses various applications of networking, including voice and video calling, email services, eCommerce, and social networking.

Uploaded by

aryangtekade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Std.

11th Unit : - Introduction to networking


I) Introduction: - The interconnection between the machines is called as network.
A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication
protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or
provided by the network nodes.

node: - a machine in a network


Transmission link may be wired or wireless.

OBJECTIVE OF THE NETWORKING:-


i) to do communication
ii) resource sharing
iii) files transfer
iv) information exchange
v) High reliability, security and flexible access
vi) cost effective( cost reduced)

To establish the network we require networking devices like cables, modem, hub, switch, etc

"by using network physically independent users comes together to do a task"


"Grouping of machines using networking devices is called as network." OR
Interconnection of various nodes is called network.
Ex: i) cable network in city,
ii) Electricity distribution in state
iii) telephonic network
iv) electronic devices of our home are in network
v) Email system
vi) social connectivity
1|P a g e Prof. Anant sir 8275519416
II) Types of area networks – LAN, MAN and WAN:-
 This classification of network is based on coverage area or geographical area.
 The Network allows computers to connect and communicate with different computers
via any medium.
 LAN, MAN and WAN are the three major types of the network designed to operate over
the area they cover.
 One of the major differences is the geographical area they cover, i.e. LAN covers the
smallest area; MAN covers an area larger than LAN and WAN comprises the largest of
all.
1) LAN:- Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a
limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.
Data transmits at a very fast rate as the number of computers linked are limited

EX: Cable network in a city

2) MAN:- Metropolitan area network


 It's coverage area is larger than LAN.
 It connects two or more computers that are apart but resides in the same or different cities.
 It covers a large geographical area and may serve as an ISP (Internet Service Provider).
 MAN is designed for customers who need a high-speed connectivity.

2|P a g e Prof. Anant sir 8275519416


EX: Electricity distribution in a State

3) WAN:- Wide area network


Need of WAN: -Local Area Network cannot cover cities or towns and for that Metropolitan Area
Network is needed, which can connect city or a group of cities together. Further, for connecting
Country or a group of Countries one requires Wide Area Network.
WAN or Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area
The technology is high speed and relatively expensive.

It's geographical area is very larger.


EX: Satellite communication, National telephonic system.

Network coverage Area(WAN> MAN>LAN>)

III) Models of Networking: Following are the computing (processing ) models used in a
network.
1) Centralized Computing model 2) Distributed Computing model
3) Cooperative computing model

3|P a g e Prof. Anant sir 8275519416


1)Centralized Model of Network:- In Centralized computer network model, the network
resources are placed and managed from a main location.
i) It allows administrators to manage the resources centrally (typically in Head Office).
ii) The network servers and other critical network resources are located in a central location
in a secure and dedicated server room.
iii) Centralized network model provides better Network Security.
iv) The main disadvantage is more work load of Network and System Administrators and
increased risk of communication failure due to a catastrophe in the central location.

4|P a g e Prof. Anant sir 8275519416


i) In Distributed network model, the network resources are placed and managed from
different geographical locations.
ii) Designated network and system administrators manage the network resources in
different locations.

i) co-operative networking model is mainly used for mobile platforms.


- client request to server and server gives reply for the service
- node( client machines) are advanced
- every node will act as a server as well as client.
ii) Ex: file server, Print server, banking server, facebook server, google server.

IV) Application of networking:-


1) voice calling:- you cannot see live pictures, but you just hear what the other person is
talking.
2) video calling: whatsapp video calling. Here you are able to see live pictures , hear what the
other person is talking.(VoLTE service)
3) fax:- an exact copy of a document made by electronic scanning and transmitted as data by
telecommunications links.
4) Email service:- e-mail (electronic mail), which employees generally use for a great deal of
daily communication
5) eCommerce: A goal that is starting to become more important in businesses is doing
business with consumers over the Internet. Ex: Amazon, Airlines, bookstores and music
vendors have discovered that many customers like the convenience of shopping from home.
6) file servers:- It is used to deal with number of files. Ex Youtube
7) social networking:- most popular mode of networking now a days. Like Facebook
8) online banking:- Secured electronic way of banking.
9)News service:- BBC NETWORKING, News channels
10) TV- CABLE NETWORKING
11) GPS: Global positioning system. In this you can get live location of object.

5|P a g e Prof. Anant sir 8275519416

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