Project: Bahrain Bay District Cooling project

Results for Design Section 0: Base model

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ANALYSIS AND CHECKING SUMMARY

The following tables summarize critical resuls for all design sections. These results may include wall moments,
shears, displacements, stress checks, wall embedment safety factors, basal & slope stability safety factors, etc.
Summary vs Design Section
Base model Wall Moment Wall Shear Wall Displace Max Support Critical Support Embedment Comments
(kN-m/m) (kN/m) (cm) Reaction (kN/m) Check Wall FS
Base model 24.97 19.14 2.97 No supports No supports N/A Calculation successful

Extended Summary
Table: Extended summary for all design sections.
Design Section Calculation Result Wall Displacement Settlement
Name (cm) (cm)
Base model Calculation successful 2.97 2.83

Table: Extended summary for wall moments and shears for all design sections.
Design Section Wall Moment Wall Moment Wall Shear Wall Shear
Name (kN-m/m) (kN-m) (kN/m) (kN)
Base model 24.97 14.98 19.14 11.48

Table: Extended summary for wall stress checks for all design sections.
Design Section STR Combined STR Moment STR Shear Wall Concrete Service
Name Wall Ratio Wall Ratio Wall Ratio Stress Ratio FIC
Base model 0.04 0.04 0.024 N/A
Table notes:
STR Combined: Combined stress check, along eccentricity line considering axial load and moment (demand/capacity).
STR Moment : Moment stress check, assuming constant axial load on wall (demand/capacity).
STR Shear : Shear stress check (shear force demand/wall shear capacity).
Table: Extended summary for support results for all design sections
Design Section Max Support Max Support Critical STR Support Support Geotech
Name Reaction (kN/m) Reaction (kN) Support Check Ratio Capacity Ratio (pull
Base model No supports No supports No supports No supports No supports
Table notes:
STR Support ratio: Critical structural stress check for support (force demand/structural capacity).
Support geotech capacity ratio: Critical geotechnical capacity stress check (demand/geotechnical capacity).
Critical support check: Critical demand/design capacity ratio (structural or geotechnical).
Table: Summary for basal stability and wall embedment safety factors from conventional analyses.
Design Section FS Toe FS Toe FS Toe FS
Name Basal Passive Rotation Length
Base model 2.426 N/A N/A N/A
Table notes:
FSbasal : Critical basal stability safety factor (relevant only when soft clays are present beneath the excavation).
TOE FS Passive : Safety factor for wall embedment based on FS= Available horizontal thrust resistance/Driving hor. thrust.
TOE FS Rotation: Safety factor for wall embedment based on FS= Available resisting moment/Driving moment.
TOE FS Length : Safety factor for wall embedment based on FS= Available wall embedment/Required embedment for FS=1.0
Table: Summary for wall embedment safety factors from elastoplastic analyses.
Design Section FS Mobilized FS
Name Passive True/Active
Base model 2.224 1.251
Table notes:
FS Mobilized Passive : Safety factor= Available horizontal passive resistance/Mobilized passive thrust.
FS True/Active : Soil thrust on retained wall side/Minimum theoretically horizontal active force thrust.
Table: Summary for hydraulic safety factors, water flow, and slope stability
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Design Section Hydraulic Qflow FSslope
Name Heave FS (m3/hr)
Base model N/A N/A N/A

Max. Moment vs Stage

Base Model
M stg0 (kN-m/m) DS: 0
M stg1 (kN-m/m) -24.97

Max. Shear vs Stage

Base Model
V stg0 (kN/m) DS: 0
V stg1 (kN/m) -19.14

Max. Support F vs Stage

Base Model
Rmax Stage 0 (kN/m) DS: 0
Rmax Stage 1 (kN/m)

STRUCTURAL MATERIALS DATA

Steel
Name Strength Fy Fu Elastic E Density g
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (kN/m3)
A50 344.8 500 200100 77.005
Concrete
Name Strength Fc' Elastic E Density g Tension Strength Ft
(MPa) (MPa) (kN/m3) (% of Fc')
N/A 0 0 0 1
Steel rebar
Name Strength Fy Elastic E
(MPa) (MPa)
N/A 0 0
Wood
Name Ultimate Bending Srtength Fbu Ultimate Tensile Strength Ftu Ultimate Shear Strength Fvu Density g Elastic E
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (kN/m3) (MPa)
N/A 0 0 0 0 0

STEEL
Name=material name
fy=fyk= characteristc resistance for steel (for all the codes)
Fu=fuk= ultimate resistence for steel (for all the codes)
Elastic E= Elastic modulus
Density g= specific weight
CONCRETE
Name=material name
f'c=fck= cylindrical resistance for concrete (for all the codes)
Elastic E= Elastic modulus
Density g= specific weight
Tension strength=ft=fctk= characteristic tension resistance for concrete
STEEL REBARS
Name=material name
fy=fyk= characteristic resistance for steel (for all the codes)
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Fu=fuk= ultimate resistence for steel (for all the codes)
Elastic E= Elastic modulus
Density g= specific weight
WOOD
Name=material name
Fb=fbk= Ultimate bending strength
Ftu=ftuk= Ultimate tensile strength
Fvu=fvuk= Ultimate shear strength
Density g= specific weight
Elastic E= Elastic modulus
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ANALYSIS AND CHECKING SUMMARY

Summary of Wall Moments and Toe Requirements

Top Wall Wall L-Wall H-Exc. Max+M/Cap Max-M/Cap FS Toe FS Toe FS Toe FS 1 Toe EL. Slope
(m) Section (m) (m) (kN-m/m) (kN-m/m) Pas. mob. Rotation Embedment (m) Stab. FS
3.6 Wall 1 6 3 0/620.64 24.97/620.64 2.224 N/A N/A 0.6 N/A

Summary of Basal Stability and Predicted Wall Movements According to Clough 1989 Method Wall: W
1. FSmin 2. DxMax (cm) 2. Stiffness 2. FSbasal 3. Dx/H (%) 3. Stiffness 3. FSbasal
@ stage 1 @ stage 1 @ DxMax @ DxMax @ stage 1 @ Dx/H max @ Dx/H max
2.426 0.511 80 2.426 0.17 80.04 2.426

General assumptions for last stage: Stage 1

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Concrete Code: EC2-2004
Steel Code: EC3 2005-CEN
Non linear Assumptions: ESP
Drain State Clays Default
Water γ= 10 kN/m3 Hydrostatic
Adv. NL surcharge method Beta= 45 deg
Drive Ka Ka, + δ-Coul
Resist Kp Kp,+ δ-Caquot
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Envelope of results
A sequence of result diagrams for each excavation stage is reported
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Extended vs Stage
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Calculation Result Wall Displaceme Settlement Wall Moment Wall Moment
(cm) (cm) (kN-m/m) (kN-m)
Stage 0 Calculated 0 N/A 0 0
Stage 1 Calculated 2.97 2.83 24.97 14.98

Wall Shear Wall Shear STR Combined STR Moment STR Shear
(kN/m) (kN) Wall Ratio Wall Ratio Wall Ratio
Stage 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stage 1 19.14 11.48 0.04 0.04 0.024
Table notes:
STR Combined: Combined stress check, along eccentricity line considering axial load and moment (demand/capacity).
STR Moment : Moment stress check, assuming constant axial load on wall (demand/capacity).
STR Shear : Shear stress check (shear force demand/wall shear capacity).
Max Support Max Support Critical STR Support Support Geotech
Reaction (kN/m) Reaction (kN) Support Check Ratio Capacity Ratio (pull out
Stage 0 0 0 N/A No supports No supports
Stage 1 0 0 N/A No supports No supports
Table notes:
STR Support ratio: Critical structural stress check for support (force demand/structural capacity).
Support geotech capacity ratio: Critical geotechnical capacity stress check (demand/geotechnical capacity).
Critical support check: Critical demand/design capacity ratio (structural or geotechnical).
FS Toe FS Toe FS Toe FS Zcut FS Mobilized FS
Basal Passive Rotation Length (nonlinear) Passive True/Active
Stage 0 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.92 2.323
Stage 1 2.426 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.224 1.251

Hydraulic Qflow FSslope

Heave FS (m3/hr)
Stage 0 N/A N/A N/C
Stage 1 N/A N/A N/C

Support Force/S vs Stage

No Supports
0:Stage 0 No support
1:Stage 1

Support Force vs Stage

Support Force vs Stage
No Supports
0:Stage 0 No support
1:Stage 1

Embedment FS vs Stage
Min Toe FS FS1 Passive FS2 Rotation FS3 Length (from FS1, FS2) FS4 Mobilized Passive FS5 Actual Drive Thrust / Theory
Stage 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.92 2.323
0:Stage 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.224 1.251

Table notes:
FSbasal : Critical basal stability safety factor (relevant only when soft clays are present beneath the excavation).
Wall embedment safety factors from conventional analysis (limit-equilibrium):
FS1 Passive : Safety factor for wall embedment based on FS= Available horizontal thrust resistance/Driving hor. thrust.
FS2 Rotation: Safety factor for wall embedment based on FS= Available resisting moment/Driving moment.
FS3 Length : Safety factor for wall embedment based on FS= Available wall embedment/Required embedment for FS=1.0
Wall embedment safety factors from non-linear analysis:
FS4 Mobilized Passive : Safety factor= Available horizontal passive resistance/Mobilized passive thrust.
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FS5 True/Active : Soil thrust on retained wall side/Minimum theoretically horizontal active force thrust.
Tables for stress checks follow: Support force/Design capacity

Support Check vs Stage

No Supports
0:Stage 0 No support
1:Stage 1

Forces (Res. F, M/Drive F, M)

FS1 Passive FS2 Rotation FS3 Length FS4 Mobilized Passive FS5 Actual Drive Fh EQ Soil Fh EQ Water
(FxResist/FxDrive) (Mresist/Mdrive) (Embedment/ToeFS=1) (FxPassive/FxPas_Mobili / Theory Active
Stage 0 N/A N/A N/A 659.88/83.322 83.322/35.861 N/A N/A
Stage 1 N/A N/A N/A 138.468/62.268 44.866/35.861 N/A N/A

Reinforcement Requirements
Parameter Description
Note: Wall does not use steel reinforcement. Section does not apply.

DESIGN APPROACHES AND COMBINATION FACTORS

The Design Approaches (from Codes or Customized by the user) and related safety factors are the following:
Ftan fr=mult factor for friction angle
F C'= safety factor on effective cohesion (Eurocode 7 methods)
F Su'= safety factof for undrained shear strength (Eurocode 7 methods)
F EQ= Load factor for seismic loads
F perm load= Load factor for permanent loads (dead load, etc)
F temp load= Load factor on live loads and other temporary loads
F perm supp= Reduction factor for resistance for pull out checking of permanent tiebacks
F temp supp= Reduction factor for resistance for pull out checking of temporary tiebacks
F earth Dstab= Load factor for driving earth pressures, unfavorable (on retained side)
F earth stab= Safety factor for passive pressures, favorable (on excavation side)
F GWT Dstab (ground water)= Load factor for driving water pressures, unfavorable
F GWT stab (ground water)= Load factor for resisting water pressure, favorable
F HYD Dstab= Load factor for hydraulic heave, unfavorable (hydraulic checking)
F HYD stab= Resistance factor for hydraulic heave, favorable (hydraulic checking)
F UPL Dstab= Load factor for uplift check, unfavorable
F UPL stab= Resistance factor for uplift check, favorable
Stage Design Code Design Case F(tan F F F F(perm F(temp F(perm F(temp F Earth F Earth F GWT F GWT F HYD F HYD F UPL F UPL
Name fr) (c') (Su) (EQ) load) load) sup) sup) (Dstab) (stab) (Dstab) (stab) (Dstab) (stab) (Dstab) (stab)
0 Default Service Factors 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 Default Service Factors 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

SOIL DATA
Name g tot g dry Frict C' Su FRp FRcv Eload rEur kAp kPp kAcv kPcv Vary Spring Color
(kN/m3) (kN/m3) (deg) (kPa) (kPa) (deg) (deg) (kPa) (-) NL NL NL NL Model
Lose SILT 17 17 29 2 N/A N/A N/A 8750 3 0.35 2.88 N/A N/A True Linear
Loose to med 18 18 31.5 2 N/A N/A N/A 10000 3 0.31 3.19 N/A N/A True Linear
ROCK 20 20 31.5 2 N/A N/A N/A 250000 3 0.31 3.19 N/A N/A True Linear
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Name Poisson Min Ka Min sh ko.NC nOCR aH.EXP aV.EXP qSkin qNails kS.nails PL
v (clays) (clays) - - (0 to 1) (0 to 1) (kPa) (kPa) (kN/m3) (MPa)
Lose SILT 0.35 - - 0.515 0.8 - - 0 0 0 -
Loose to med 0.35 - - 0.478 0.8 - - 0 0 0 -
ROCK 0.35 - - 0.478 0.8 - - 0 0 0 -

gtot = total soil specific weight

gdry = dry weigth of the soil
Frict = friction angle
C' = effective cohesion
Su = Undrained shear strength (only for CLAY soils in undrained conditions, used as a cutoff strength in NL analysis)
Evc = Virgin compression elastic modulus
Eur = unloading/reloading elastic modulus
Kap = Peak active thrust coefficient (initial value, may be modified on each stage according to analysis settings).
Kpp = Peak passive thrust coefficient (initial value, may be modified on each stage according to analysis settings).
Kacv = Constant volume active thrust coeff (only for clays, initial value)
Kpcv = Constant volume passive thrust coeff (only for clays, initial value).
Spring models= spring model (LIN= constant E over the soil layer height , EXP=exponential , SIMC=simplified winkler)
LIN= Linear-Elastic-Perfectly Plastic,
EXP: Exponential, SUB: Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
SIMC= Simplified Clay mode

SOIL BORINGS
Top Elev= superior SOil level
Soil type= type of the soil (sand , clay , etc)
OCR= overconsolidation ratio
K0= at rest coefficient
Name: Boring 1, pos: (-20, 0)
Top elev. Soil type OCR Ko
3.6 Lose SILT 1 0.52
-2 Loose to medi 1 0.48
-4 ROCK 1 0.48

WALL DATA
Wall section 0: Wall 1
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Wall type: Steel sheet piling

Top wall El: 3.6 m Bottom wall El: -2.4 m
Hor. wall spacing: 0.6 Wall thickness = 0.18
Passive width below exc: 0.6 Active width below exc: 0.6 Swater= 0.6
Steel members fy = 344.8 Esteel = 200100
Wall friction: Percentage of Soil Friction = 50%
Steel wall capacities are calculated with EC3 2005-CEN
Concrete capacities are calculated with EC2-2004
Note: With ultimate capacities you may have to use a structural safety factor.
Steel sheet pile properties
Table: Steel Sheet Pile Cross Sectional Properties
DES Shape W A h t b s Ixx Sxx
(kN/m) (cm2/m) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm4/m) (cm3/m)
SP-III W U 0.4 173.21 18 1.341 60 1.341 32400 1800

GENERAL WALL DATA

Hor wall spacing= Wall horizontal spacing
Passive width below exc= spacing for passive thrust pressure for classic analysis
f'c=fck= cylindrical concrete resistance
fyk=fy= steel rebar characteristic resistance
Econc= Concrete Elastic modulus
fctk= characteristic Concrete tension
Esteel= steel elastic modulus
TABULAR DATA (principal parameters)
1) Diaphragm wall (rectangular cross section)
N/A= data not available
Fy=fyk
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F'c=fck
D=wall thickness
B=wall width
2)Steel sheet pile
DES=shape (Z or U)
W=width per unit of length
A=area
h=height
t=horizontal part thickness
b=width of the single sheet pile part
s=inclined part thickness
Ixx=strong axis inertia (per unit of length)
Sxx=strong axis section modulus (per unit of length)
3)Secant piles wall, Tangent piles wall, soldier piles, soldier piles and timber lagging
W=weight per unit of length
A=area
D=diameter
tw=web thickness
tp= pipe thickness
bf=flange width
tf= flange thickness
k= flange thickness+stem base height
Ixx= strong axis inertia modulus (per unit of length)
Sxx= strong axis section modulus (per unit of length)
rx=radius of gyration about X axis
ry=radius of gyration about Y axis
Iyy=weak axis inertia modulus (per unit of length)
Syy=weak axis section modulus (per unit of length)
rT=radius of gyration for torsion
Cw= warping constant
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GENERAL ANALYSIS CRITERIA

Summary of stage assumptions

Name Analysis Drive ka-Mult Htr T/B Resist Res Contle

Method Press (%) Press Mult Method
Stage 0 Springs-Up Ka+ δ N/A N/A Kp+ d N/A
Stage 1 Springs-Up Ka+ δ N/A N/A Kp+ d N/A

Name Support Axial Used Min Toe Toe Toe

Model Incl FSwall FDtoe FSrot FSpas
Stage 0 N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A
Stage 1 N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A
Name=excavation stage name
Analysis method
springs = Elastoplastic spring analysis used
DR = Drained condition for CLAY model
U = Undrained condition for CLAY model for all the soils
Up = Undrained condition just for selected soil
Limit equilibrium analysis settings
Drive press:
Ka (Active pressure diagram), Ka-Trap = Trapezoid apparent diagram from active pressures x multiplier,
FHWA= Federal Highway Administration apparent pressure diagrams.
Ko = At-rest lateral earth pressures.
Peck = Peck 1969 Apparent earth pressure diagrams.
2 Step rect = Two step rectangular apparent earth pressure diagram.
User def. = User defined apparent earth pressure diagram.
Ka+d (and so on) indicates that wall friction is applied
ka mult = multiplication factor for Ka when Ka-Trap is selected
Htr T/B (%) = trapezoidal pressure scheme, top and bottom triangular percentage of excavation depth H
Resit press = Kp (passive earth pressures)
Res Mult = Safety factor applied directly on resisting pressures (
COntle Method = cantilever analysis method for limit equilibrium analysis.
Support Model: Method for calculating support reactions in limit-equlibrium analysis.
Beam= support reactions beam analysis (uses Blum's method).
Trib= support reactions from tributary height calculations (Can be applied with apparent diagrams).
Axial Incl = Axial loads included for structural design
Used FS wall = Safety factor for axial+bending wall resistance to divide ultimate wall capacities.
Min FD Toe= embedded minimum safety factor (for limit equilibrium analysis)
Toe FS rot= rotation safety factor (classic for limit equilibrium analysis)
Toe FSpas= driving/resisting pressure safety factor (for limit equilibrium analysis)

EXCAVATION STAGES SKETCHES

A sequence of figures for each excavation stage is reported
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Toe stability
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Embedment FS vs Stage
Min Toe FS FS1 Passive FS2 Rotation FS3 Length (from FS1, FS2) FS4 Mobilized Passive FS5 Actual Drive Thrust / Theory
Stage 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.92 2.323
Stage 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.224 1.251

Legend: Wall embedment safety factors (toe)

Min Toe FS= Minimum wall embedment safety factor (from all analysis methods)
Limit-equilibrium analysis methods: The following safety factors may not be applicable for all stages.
FS1 Passive: Horizontal force safety factor, FS1= Resisting/Driving force
FS2 Rotation: Rotational safety factor about lowest support, FS2= Resisting moment/Driving moment
FS3 Length (from FS1, FS2): Program determines maximum required wall embedment for safety factor of 1 for methods
FS1 and FS2 (say length LFS1). Then FS length= Provided wall embedment/LFS1.
Non-linear elastoplastic analysis safety factors:
FS4 Mobilized Passive: Safety factor on mobilized passive resistance, FS4= Available passive soil resistance/Mobilized
passive soil force on excavation side.
FS5 Active Drive Thrust/Theory Active: Ratio of soil thrust on retained side/ Active condition theoretical minimum thrust.
This factor is not as critical, and indicates how close to active conditions the model is.
General recommendations on wall embedment (excluding FS5):
When then excavation is designed with allowable standards, engineers generally use minimum safety factors from 1.2 to
1.5 depending on the level of confidence. A minimum safety factor of 1.2 is generally applied on FS3.
With ultimate limit state designs (such as Eurocode 7, and LRFD) the required safety factor must generally be greater
than 1.0. In non-linear solutions it might be impossible to achieve exactly 1 on FS4 as this would likely trigger overall
failure.

Result diagrams (for walls)

A sequence of result diagrams for each excavation stage is reported
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