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Lecture 3

The lecture covers fundamental concepts in electronics, including current, voltage, power, and energy, along with Ohm's Law and circuit basics. It discusses the behavior of circuits with switches and introduces Kirchhoff's Laws, which govern current flow in loops. Additionally, it explains series and parallel resistor circuits and their respective rules.

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pangunpark
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9 views9 pages

Lecture 3

The lecture covers fundamental concepts in electronics, including current, voltage, power, and energy, along with Ohm's Law and circuit basics. It discusses the behavior of circuits with switches and introduces Kirchhoff's Laws, which govern current flow in loops. Additionally, it explains series and parallel resistor circuits and their respective rules.

Uploaded by

pangunpark
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 3 :

Electronics

Pangun Park
Chungnam National University
Information Communications Engineering

Some materials from


“Embedded Systems – Shape the world” by Jonathan Valvano and Ramesh Yerraballi

1
Learning Objectives
§ Understand current, voltage, power, energy.
§ Review Ohm’s Law.
§ Apply some simple rules for solving circuits with batteries and resistors.

Pangun Park (CNU) 2


Circuit Basics
§ Current, I, is defined as the movement of electrons.
Ø Measured in amps (A)
Ø Amplitude and direction
Ø Ex: 3mA through an LED to turn it on.
§ Voltage, V, is an electrical term representing the potential difference
between two points.
Ø Amount of energy needed to move 1 unit of charge from “a” to “b”
§ The electrical property of a resistor is resistance in ohms (Ω).
Ø Forcing current to flow through a resistor will require energy.

Pangun Park (CNU) 3


Circuit Basics
§ Basic relation between voltage, current, and resistance for a
resistor is known as Ohm’s Law
V=I*R Voltage = Current * Resistance
I=V/R Current = Voltage / Resistance
R=V/I Resistance = Voltage / Current
§ Circuit with a battery

Nice color?!! Why?

§ What happens if you place a wire directly from + terminal to the –


terminal of a battery?
Ø Theoretically, the current will be infinite, but practically there will be sparks.
§ Datasheet: Carbon Film Resistors
Ø Panasonic : ERDS1 (0.5 W) ERDS2 (0.25 W) ERD25 (0.25 W)

Pangun Park (CNU) 4


Circuit Basics

§ Power is an important parameter occurring when current flows


through a resistor.
Ø The power (P in watts) dissipated in a resistor
P=V*I Power = Voltage * Current
§ Power is an amount of energy consumed per unit time
Ø Ex: Activating an LED at with a voltage of 2V and a current of 3mA, we are
dissipating 6mW of power into the LED.
Ø LED Efficiency = Brightness/Power = lumens/watts

Pangun Park (CNU) 5


Circuit Basics
§ Energy (E in joules) stored in a battery can be calculated from
voltage (V in volts), current (I in amps), and time (t in seconds).
E=V*I*t Energy = Voltage * Current * time
Ø Battery has fixed voltage and fixed energy!!

§ Energy is measured in Joules (J).


Ø Question: Alkaline battery typically contains about 1.6 kJ, which means it can
supply 50 mA at 9V for about “X” hours.
Ø Answer : X is around 10 hours

§ How can we extend the life time of the system?

Pangun Park (CNU) 6


Circuits with Switches
§ A switch is an element used to modify the behavior of the circuit.
Ø When the switch is open, no current can flow, and the bulb does not emit
light. When the switch is closed, 90 mA of current will flow, and the bulb emits
light.
Ø Switch is off >= 100MΩ (Close to infinite)
Ø Switch is on <= 0.1Ω (Close to zero)

Pangun Park (CNU) 7


Kirchhoff's Laws
§ Current always flows in a loop.
Ø When there is no loop, no current can flow.
§ Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
Ø The sum of the voltages around the loop is zero.

§ Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)


Ø The sum of the currents into a node equal the sum of the currents leaving a
node

Pangun Park (CNU) 8


Resistor Circuits
§ Series resistance
Ø Voltage divider rule

§ Parallel resistance
Ø Current divider rule

Pangun Park (CNU) 9

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