🎯 Control Statements
Control statements are instructions that control the flow of execution in a program. provides control flow
statements in three main categories:
🚥 1. Decision-Making Statements
🔹 if Statement
✅ Syntax:
if (condition) {
// block of code to execute if condition is true
💡 Explanation:
The simplest form of decision-making.
Executes a block only if the given condition is true.
🧠 When to Use:
When you want to do something based on a single condition.
🌍 Real-Life Example:
If the door is locked, use the key.
🔧 Example:
int age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
System.out.println("You can vote.");
🔹 if-else Statement
✅ Syntax:
if (condition) {
// code if true
} else {
// code if false
🧠 When to Use:
When there are two possibilities, and you want one to execute based on the condition.
🌍 Real-Life Example:
If it’s raining, carry an umbrella; else, wear sunglasses.
🔧 Example:
int marks = 40;
if (marks >= 35) {
System.out.println("Pass");
} else {
System.out.println("Fail");
🔹 if-else if Ladder
✅ Syntax:
if (condition1) {
// block 1
} else if (condition2) {
// block 2
} else {
// default block
🧠 When to Use:
When there are multiple conditions and only one block needs to execute.
🌍 Real-Life Example:
If it’s morning, drink coffee; if it’s afternoon, have lunch; else, go to bed.
🔧 Example:
int score = 85;
if (score >= 90) {
System.out.println("Grade A");
} else if (score >= 80) {
System.out.println("Grade B");
} else {
System.out.println("Grade C");
}
🔹 switch Statement
✅ Syntax:
switch (expression) {
case value1:
// code block
break;
case value2:
// code block
break;
default:
// default block
🧠 When to Use:
When you have to compare a single variable against multiple constant values.
Works better than if-else-if when comparing equals values (like menu options, days, grades).
🌍 Real-Life Example:
Choose your drink: 1 – Tea, 2 – Coffee, 3 – Juice
🔧 Example:
int choice = 2;
switch (choice) {
case 1: System.out.println("Tea"); break;
case 2: System.out.println("Coffee"); break;
case 3: System.out.println("Juice"); break;
default: System.out.println("Invalid choice");
🔁 2. Looping Statements
Used to repeat a block of code multiple times.
🔹 for Loop
✅ Syntax:
for (initialization; condition; update) {
// block to execute
🧠 When to Use:
When the number of iterations is known.
Most commonly used loop.
🌍 Real-Life Example:
Print numbers from 1 to 10.
🔧 Example:
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println("i = " + i);
🔹 while Loop
✅ Syntax:
while (condition) {
// code to execute
🧠 When to Use:
When the number of iterations is unknown but depends on a condition.
🌍 Real-Life Example:
Keep walking until you reach your destination.
🔧 Example:
int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
System.out.println("i = " + i);
i++;
🔹 do-while Loop
✅ Syntax:
do {
// code to execute
} while (condition);
🧠 When to Use:
When the loop must execute at least once, regardless of the condition.
🌍 Real-Life Example:
Try the dish first, then decide if you want more.
🔧 Example:
int i = 1;
do {
System.out.println("i = " + i);
i++;
} while (i <= 5);
⛔ 3. Jump Statements
🔹 break
Used to exit from a loop or switch early.
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
if (i == 3) break;
System.out.println(i);
🔹 continue
Skips the current iteration.
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
if (i == 3) continue;
System.out.println(i);
📝 Summary Table
Statement Use When… Executes At Least Once Known Iterations
if One condition No N/A
if-else Two outcomes No N/A
if-else-if Multiple outcomes No N/A
switch Comparing single variable against values No N/A
for Fixed loop No Yes
while Condition-controlled loop No Maybe
do-while Condition-controlled loop with 1st run Yes Maybe
