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Assignment LA 2

The document contains a series of linear algebra assignments focusing on subspaces, linear transformations, and vector spaces, including proofs and examples. Key topics include demonstrating properties of subspaces, establishing linear independence, and finding dimensions of various vector spaces. It also includes practice problems related to these concepts.

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harshitkhokhani43
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18 views3 pages

Assignment LA 2

The document contains a series of linear algebra assignments focusing on subspaces, linear transformations, and vector spaces, including proofs and examples. Key topics include demonstrating properties of subspaces, establishing linear independence, and finding dimensions of various vector spaces. It also includes practice problems related to these concepts.

Uploaded by

harshitkhokhani43
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Indian Institute of Technology Indore

MA-106 (Linear Algebra and ODE)


Assignment 2, Linear Algebra
1. Show that W = {(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) : x4 − x3 = x2 − x1 } is a subspace of R4 , spanned
by (1, 0, 0, −1), (0, 1, 0, 1) and (0, 0, 1, 1).
2. Let W1 and W2 be subspaces of a vector space V such that W1 ∪ W2 is also a
subspace. Prove that one of the spaces Wi , i = 1, 2 is contained in the other.
3. Let Pn (R) = The vector space of polynomials with real coefficients and degree less
or equal to n. Show that the set {x + 1, x2 + x − 1, x2 − x + 1} is a basis for P2 (R).
Hence determine the coordinates of the following elements: 2x−1, 1+x2 , x2 +5x−1
with respect to the above basis.
4. Let x, y, z ∈ V such that x + 2y + 7z = 0. Show that L({x, y}) = L({y, z}) =
L({z, x}).
5. Let W1 = L{(1, 1, 0), (−1, 1, 0)} and W2 = L{(1, 0, 2), (−1, 0, 4)}. Show that W1 +
W2 = R3 . Give an example of a vector v ∈ R3 such that v can be written in two
different ways in the form v = v1 + v2 , where v1 ∈ W1 , v2 ∈ W2 .
6. Let {w1 , w2 , . . . , wn } be a basis of the finite dimensional vector space V . Let v be
any non zero vector in V . Show that there exists wi such that if we replace wi by
v then we still have a basis.
7. Let T : V −→ W and S : W −→ U be linear transformations. Show that the map
S ◦ T : V −→ U is a linear transformation.
8. Show that a linear transformation is one-one if and only if null-space of T is {0}.
9. Let V and W be n-dimensional vector spaces and let T : V −→ W be a linear
transformation. Show that T is one-one if and only if T is onto.
10. Let W be a subspace of V
(a) Show that there is a subspace U of V such that W ∩ U = {0} and U + W = V .
(b) Show that there is no subspace U such that U ∩W = {0} and dim U +dim W >
dim V.
11. Determine which of the following are linear transformations T : V −→ W , where
the vector spaces V, W are given:
(a) V = W = R3 ; T (x, y, z) = (2x + y, z, |x|)
(b) V = W = M2 (R), the space of all 2 × 2 real matrices; (a) T (A) = At , (b)
T (A) = I + A, (c) T (A) = A2 , (d) T (A) = BAB −1 , where B is some fixed
2 × 2 matrix.

12. Let T : R3 −→ R3 be a linear transformation such that T (1, 0, 0) = (1, 0, 0),


T (1, 1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) and T (1, 1, 1) = (1, 1, 0). Find (a) T (x, y, z) (b) ker(T ) (c)
R(T ). Also show that T 3 = T .
13. Find a linear transformation T : R3 −→ R3 with (a) R(T ) = L({(1, 1, 1)})
(b) R(T ) = L({(1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2)}), and (c) N (T ) = L({(1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2)}) and
R(T ) = L({(1, 1, 1)}).

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Practice Problems

14. Which of the following are the subspaces of R3 :


(a) {(x, y, z) | x ≥ 0}.
(b) {(x, y, z) | x + y = z}.
(c) {(x, y, z) | x = y 2 }.
15. Which of the following are the subspaces of C3 (over C):

(a) {(z1 , z2 , z3 ) | z1 is real }.


(b) {(z1 , z2 , z3 ) | z1 + z2 = 10z3 }.

16. Find the necessary conditions on real numbers a, b, c, d so that the set {(x, y, z) |
ax + by + cz = d} is a subspace of R3 .

17. Show that the space of all real (respectively complex) matrices is a vector space
over R (respectively C) with respect to the usual addition and scalar multiplication.

18. Discuss the linear dependence/linear independence of the following sets:

(a) S = {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)} of R3 .


(b) S = {(1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, 0), (1, 2, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1, 1)} of R4 .
(c) S = {(1, i, 0), (1, 0, 1), (i + 2, −1, 2)} of C3 (C).
(d) S = {(1, i, 0), (1, 0, 1), (i + 2, −1, 2)} of C3 (R).

19. Find all the subspaces of R2 .

20. In R, consider the addition x ⊕ y = x + y − 1 and a.x = a(x − 1) + 1. Show that R


is a real vector space with respect to these operations with additive identity 1.

21. Determine whether the following set of vectors is linearly independent or not

(a) {(1, 0, 2, 1), (1, 3, 2, 1), (4, 1, 2, 2)} in R4 .


(b) {(1, 2, 6), (−1, 3, 4), (−1, −4, −2)} in R3 .
(c) {u + v, v + w, w + u} in a vector space V given that {u, v, w} is linearly
independent.

22. Find the dimension of the follwing vector spaces

(a) {A : A is n × n real upper − traingular matrices}.


(b) {A : A is n × n real symmetric matrices}
(c) {A : A is n × n real matrices with tr A = 0}
(d) {A : A is n × n real matrices with A + At = 0}

23. Under what conditions on α are the vectors (1 + α, 1 − α) and (1 − α, 1 + α) of C2


are linearly independent over R?

2
24. Describe all possible ways in which two planes (passing through origin) in R3 could
intersect.

25. Find all linear transformations from Rn −→ R.


26. Show that (1, 0), (i, 0) ∈ C2 are linearly independent over R and linearly dependent
over C.

27. Let V be a vector space over C and let x1 , . . . , xr ∈ V be linearly independent.


Show that x1 , . . . , xr , ix1 , . . . , ixr are linearly independent over R.

28. Let T : C −→ C be the map T (z) = z. Show that T is R-linear but not C-linear.
29. Let V, W be vector spaces and let L(V, W ) be the vector space of all linear
transformations from V to W . Show that dimL(V, W ) = dimV.dimW .

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