Introduction to

Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) Introduction to Elementary Number Theory
Basic Properties Numbers and their Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple Anthony (Dean Hypothesis)
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems
Roblox University
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers May 29, 2025
Complex Numbers
 Outline

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory 1 Basic Properties
Anthony (Dean Types of Number
Hypothesis)
Divisibility of Numbers
Basic Properties
Types of Number 2 GCF and LCM
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
A Special Theorem in GCF and LCM
Some Problems
Some Problems
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime 3 Properties of Numbers: Odd, Even, and Prime Numbers
Numbers

Complex Numbers 4 Complex Numbers

 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
QUESTION
Basic Properties
Types of Number Which of the following is NOT a rational Number?
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

a. 3
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
b. 71
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
c. 0.666666666667
Some Problems
d. π
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
The answer is D!
Basic Properties
Types of Number Why D?
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM π is a Non-repeating decimal, also called a non-terminating decimal. Which
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple means, is a number that has a decimal number that neither ends nor has a
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems
repeating pattern of digits after the decimal point.
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Outline

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory 1 Basic Properties
Anthony (Dean Types of Number
Hypothesis)
Divisibility of Numbers
Basic Properties
Types of Number 2 GCF and LCM
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
A Special Theorem in GCF and LCM
Some Problems
Some Problems
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime 3 Properties of Numbers: Odd, Even, and Prime Numbers
Numbers

Complex Numbers 4 Complex Numbers

 Outline

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory 1 Basic Properties
Anthony (Dean Types of Number
Hypothesis)
Divisibility of Numbers
Basic Properties
Types of Number 2 GCF and LCM
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
A Special Theorem in GCF and LCM
Some Problems
Some Problems
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime 3 Properties of Numbers: Odd, Even, and Prime Numbers
Numbers

Complex Numbers 4 Complex Numbers

 What are the type of numbers

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory
Natural Numbers(N)
Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Also known as countable numbers. (N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, . . .
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
Whole Numbers(W)
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
(W = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, . . .
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of
Integers(Z)
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
All positive and negative whole numbers and zero.
Complex Numbers
Z = . . . , −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, . . .
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Rational Numbers(Q)
Hypothesis)
Any numbers that can be written as a fraction of two Integers.
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Q = 0, 1, −1, 23 , −3 , 5 , 37
2 1
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor Example
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM Is π4 a rational number? No!
Some Problems

Properties of
Having a number written in fraction is not a passport on being a Rational
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
number. It must be a fraction of Integers and π is neither an Integer nor a
Numbers
natural number.
Complex Numbers
 If π is not a Rational number, then what is it?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)

Basic Properties
Types of Number Recall:
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM We discussed earlier that π is a non-repeating decimal. They are called
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple Irrational Number.
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Irrational Numbers and their types

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory Irrational numbers are Real (R) Numbers that cannot be expressed as the
Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
ratio of two integers. They have non-repeating decimals.
Basic Properties Algebraic Irrational
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
Irrational numbers that is the root of a polynomial with integer coefficient.
GCF and LCM √ q1 √
Greatest Common Factor Examples of these are 2, 3 , and the golden ratio expressed as ϕ = 1+2 5
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of
Transcendental Irrationals
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime Irrational numbers that cannot be expressed as a root of any polynomial
Numbers

Complex Numbers
equation with rational coefficients. Examples of these are π, e, and etc. . .
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
QUESTION!
Basic Properties
Types of Number The number 0.45454545454545 . . . is a/an . . . ?
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

a. Natural Number
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
b. Interger
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
c. Irrational Number
Some Problems
d. Rational number
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to The answer is D. Rational Number.
Elementary
Number Theory
Why D?
Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
It has a repeating decimal and it could be expressed as the ratio of two
Basic Properties integers
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM Example

Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
To quickly convert a repeating decimal into fraction, you just have to copy
and LCM
Some Problems the repeating numbers then divide it by n digits of 9.
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
We can express 0.45 as 45
99
. Reducing it to lowest term gives us:
Even, and Prime
Numbers
5
Complex Numbers 0.454545454545 · · · = (1)
11
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Why this method works?
Hypothesis)
Method
Basic Properties
Types of Number Lets try 0.1212121212121212. . . . Suppose you have a number with a
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

repeating decimal. Represent that number with x. Writing the numerous
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
amount of decimals is an hassle. Therefore you can just write the repeating
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
decimal and place a bar in top of it.
Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd, x = 0.12 (2)
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)

To eliminate the repeating decimal, we can subtract a similar value to it to

Basic Properties
Types of Number remove them. In doing so, multiply it with a value 10n where n is the
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

number of digits that are repeated.
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
100x = 12.121212121212 . . . (3)
Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to We know that x = 0.121212 . . . , then we can subtract 100x by x and in by
Elementary
Number Theory doing so, eliminating the repeating decimal.
Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) Method
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers 100x − x = 12.1212121212 · · · − 0.1212121212 . . . (4)
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor Giving us:
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems 99x = 12 (5)
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Solving for x and reducing it into the lowest term gives us the final answer:
Numbers

Complex Numbers 4
x= (6)
33
 Try this!

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Question!
Hypothesis)
What is 0.123 as fraction in lowest term?
Basic Properties
3
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers a. 9
GCF and LCM
41
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
b. 333
A Special Theorem in GCF
123
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of
c. 999
1
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
d. 3
Complex Numbers
 Try this!

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Question!
Hypothesis)
What is 0.123 as fraction in lowest term?
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers a. 93
GCF and LCM
41
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
b. 333
c. 123
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of 999
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
d. 13
Complex Numbers
 Divisibility

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory
How do we know that if a number is divisible by a different number?
Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Divisibility of 2
Basic Properties
Types of Number A number is divisible of 2 if it is an EVEN number
Divisibility of Numbers
Ex. 72 is divisible by 2 such that 72 is an EVEN number.
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Divisibility of 3
Some Problems

Properties of
A Number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Ex. 123 is divisible by 3 such that the sum of its digit 1 + 2 + 3 is 6 and 6
Numbers
is divisible by 3.
Complex Numbers
 Answer this!

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
A Number 20N4 is divisible by 3. What possible value of N could make this
Divisibility of Numbers
number divisible by 3?
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor a. 1
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF b. 5
and LCM
Some Problems c. 0
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
d. 7
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this!

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
A Number 20N4 is divisible by 3. What possible value of N could make this
Divisibility of Numbers
number divisible by 3?
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor a. 1
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF b. 5
and LCM
Some Problems c. 0
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
d. 7
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Why C?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) We know that the sum of its digit must be divisible by 3 in order for it to
Basic Properties be divisible by 3.
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
Therefore, we can express it sum as:
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple 2+0+N +4=6+N (7)
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems You can either try all of the choices, or list all values of N that will make it
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
divisible by 3. This includes: 0,3,6,9,12,. . . . Therefore the answer is C. 0
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Divisibility

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) Divisibility by 4
Basic Properties A number is divisible by 4 if its last two digits is divisible by 4
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Ex. 216 is divisible by 4 such that its last two digits 16 is divisible by 4.
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
Divisibility by 5
and LCM
Some Problems
A number is divisible by 5 if the last digit of the number ends with 0 or 5.
Properties of
Numbers: Odd, Ex. 1945 is divisible by 5 such that its last digit is 5.
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Divisibility

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory
Divisibility by 6
Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
A number is divisible by 6 if the number is EVEN and the sum of its digit is
Basic Properties divisible by 3
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Ex. our number in the last question, 2004 is divisible by 3 and is an even
GCF and LCM number; therefore, it is divisible by 6
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems
Divisibility by 9
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digit is divisible by 9.
Even, and Prime
Numbers
Ex. 414 is divisible by 9 such that the sum of its digit, which is 9 is divisible
Complex Numbers by 9.
 Divisibility

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Divisibility by 8
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
A number is divisible by 8 if its last THREE digits is divisible by 8.
GCF and LCM Ex. 892,293,233,648 IS divisible by 8 such that its last three digits are
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
divisible by 8. Instead of dividing the whole number to see if it is divisible,
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM you can just divide the last three digits to check if the number is indeed
Some Problems
divisible by 8.
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)

Basic Properties
Question
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Is 3,563,217 divisible by 3?
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
A. Yes
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
B. No
and LCM
Some Problems
C. Cannot be determined
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)

Basic Properties
Question
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Is 3,563,217 divisible by 3?
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
A. Yes
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
B. No
and LCM
Some Problems
C. Cannot be determined
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
The number 797,686,638 is divisible by WHAT number?
GCF and LCM A. 3
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
B. 7
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM C. 6
Some Problems

Properties of
D. A and C
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
797,686,638 is divisible by WHAT number?
GCF and LCM A. 3
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
B. 7
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM C. 6
Some Problems

Properties of
D. A and C
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Outline

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory 1 Basic Properties
Anthony (Dean Types of Number
Hypothesis)
Divisibility of Numbers
Basic Properties
Types of Number 2 GCF and LCM
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
A Special Theorem in GCF and LCM
Some Problems
Some Problems
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime 3 Properties of Numbers: Odd, Even, and Prime Numbers
Numbers

Complex Numbers 4 Complex Numbers

 What is GCF and LCM?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Greatest Common Factor
Hypothesis)
The largest number that divides two or more numbers exactly (without
Basic Properties remainder).
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Also known as: HCF (Highest Common Factor).
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Example:
GCF of 12 and 18

Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF

Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

and LCM
Some Problems

Factors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Common factors: 1, 2, 3, 6

Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
GCF = 6
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) Least Common Multiple
Basic Properties
Types of Number
The smallest multiple that two or more numbers share.
Divisibility of Numbers
Example:
GCF and LCM
LCM of 4 and 5
Greatest Common Factor

 Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ...


Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, ...

Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
LCM = 20
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) Question
Basic Properties What is the product of the 2 numbers having and LCM of 150 and GCF of
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
25?
GCF and LCM A. 3750
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple B. 2500
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems
C. 1250
Properties of
D. 1125
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime E. 750
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) Question
Basic Properties What is the product of the 2 numbers having and LCM of 150 and GCF of
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
25?
GCF and LCM A. 3750
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple B. 2500
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems
C. 1250
Properties of
D. 1125
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime E. 750
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Why A?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
GCF-LCM Product Theorem
Basic Properties
Types of Number
The Product of two integers is the product of their GCF anf LCM.
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor a ∗ b = GCF (a, b) ∗ LCM(a, b) (8)
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems
Therefore the product of the two numbers with a LCM of 150 and a GCF of
Properties of
Numbers: Odd, 25 is 3750.
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
What is the LCM and GCF of 14 and 18?
GCF and LCM
A. LCM = 63, GCF = 4
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
B. LCM = 4, GCF = 63
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM C. LCM = 126, GCF = 2
Some Problems
D. LCM = 2, GCF = 126
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
What is the LCM and GCF of 14 and 18?
GCF and LCM
A. LCM = 63, GCF = 4
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
B. LCM = 4, GCF = 63
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM C. LCM = 126, GCF = 2
Some Problems
D. LCM = 2, GCF = 126
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Outline

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory 1 Basic Properties
Anthony (Dean Types of Number
Hypothesis)
Divisibility of Numbers
Basic Properties
Types of Number 2 GCF and LCM
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
A Special Theorem in GCF and LCM
Some Problems
Some Problems
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime 3 Properties of Numbers: Odd, Even, and Prime Numbers
Numbers

Complex Numbers 4 Complex Numbers

 What are Odd, Even, and Prime Numbers?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory
Odd numbers
Anthony (Dean These are numbers that are not divisible by 2 without a remainder.
Hypothesis)
These numbers are: 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,. . .
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Even Numbers
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
These are numbers that are divisible by 2.
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
These numbers are 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,. . .
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of Prime Numbers

Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of
Complex Numbers two smaller natural numbers
The first primes are: 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,. . .
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) All prime number except 2 are odd numbers, which then gives us this
theorem:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, also known as the unique
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
factorization theorem or prime factorization theorem, states that every
and LCM
Some Problems
integer greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime
Properties of numbers, up to the order of the factors.
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question:
Basic Properties
Types of Number What is the mean of the first 5 prime numbers?
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

A. 26
5
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
B. 27
5
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
C. 28
5
Some Problems
D. 29
5
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Answer this:

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question:
Basic Properties
Types of Number What is the mean of the first 5 prime numbers?
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

A. 26
5
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
B. 27
5
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
C. 28
5
Some Problems
D. 29
5
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Why C?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) The first 5 prime numbers are:
Basic Properties 2,3,5,7, and 11
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
NOTE!
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
1 is NOT a prime number.
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems The sum of the first 5 prime numbers is 28, which is divided by the number
Properties of of elements given, which is 5. Giving us a mean of 28
5
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Behaviour of Odd and Even Numbers

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)

Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
QUESTION!
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
How do you convert an odd number to an even number?
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 General form of Odd and Even numbers

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Odd + Even = Odd (9)
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
Odd + Odd = Even (10)
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM OddxEven = Even (11)
Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
OddxOdd = Odd (12)
Complex Numbers
 For an Even however

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Even + Even = Even (13)
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
Even + Odd = Odd (14)
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM EvenxEven = Even (15)
Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
EvenxOdd = Even (16)
Complex Numbers
 Why is this important?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean There are Math questions that deals with this type of number. For example:
Hypothesis)

Basic Properties
Question:
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Given a Natural even number n, give the sequence for the next three
GCF and LCM consecutive even numbers.
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple A. n, n+1, n+2, n+3
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems
B. 2n, 4n, 8n, 16n
Properties of C. n, n+1, n+3, n+5
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime D. n, n+2, n+4, n+6
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Why is this important?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean There are Math questions that deals with this type of number. For example:
Hypothesis)

Basic Properties
Question:
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Given a Natural even number n, give the sequence for the next three
GCF and LCM consecutive even numbers.
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple A. n, n+1, n+2, n+3
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
Some Problems
B. 2n, 4n, 8n, 16n
Properties of C. n, n+1, n+3, n+5
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime D. n, n+2, n+4, n+6
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Why D?

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) It is given already that n is even, therefore we only need to find the pattern
for next even number. It is also stated that those even numbers are
Basic Properties
Types of Number CONSECUTIVE, which removes option B. A and C neither gives us
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

consecutive even numbers, which only leaves us with letter D.
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
NOTE!
and LCM
Some Problems The common difference between two consecutive even numbers is 2. This
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
also applies with odd numbers
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean Answer the following:

Hypothesis)
QUESTION:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
Given a natural number n, give the sequence for three consecutive odd
GCF and LCM integers
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple A. n, n+2, n+4
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM B. 2n+1, 2n+2, 2n+3
Some Problems

Properties of
C. 2n+1, 2n + 3, 2n+5
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
D. n+1, n+3, n+5
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean Answer the following:

Hypothesis)
QUESTION:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
Given a natural number n, give the sequence for three consecutive odd
GCF and LCM integers
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple A. n, n+2, n+4
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM B. 2n+1, 2n+2, 2n+3
Some Problems

Properties of
C. 2n+1, 2n + 3, 2n+5
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
D. n+1, n+3, n+5
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Why C?

Introduction to
Elementary
We have to make sure that n turns into an odd integer. It wasn’t specified
Number Theory
whether n is odd or even, therefore we will assume that it could be both.
Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) Steps:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
1. We multiply n by the smallest positive even integer 2 to make sure it is
Divisibility of Numbers
an EVEN number.
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
2. We add n by the smallest positive odd integer 1 to convert it from an
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
EVEN number to ODD number.
and LCM
Some Problems 3. As stated earlier, the common difference between succeeding Odd
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
integers are 2, which also applies to even numbers. Therefore for each term,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
we add 2. That gives us the final answer C.
Complex Numbers
2n + 1, 2n + 3, 2n + 5 (17)
 Question

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Given a natural number n, give the sequence for three consecutive even
Divisibility of Numbers
integers.
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
A. 2n+1, 2n+3, 2n+5
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
B. 2n, 2n+2, 2n+4
and LCM
Some Problems C. n+2, n+4, n+6
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
D. n+1, n+3, n+5
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Question

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Question
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Given a natural number n, give the sequence for three consecutive even
Divisibility of Numbers
integers.
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
A. 2n+1, 2n+3, 2n+5
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
B. 2n, 2n+2, 2n+4
and LCM
Some Problems C. n+2, n+4, n+6
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
D. n+1, n+3, n+5
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Outline

Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory 1 Basic Properties
Anthony (Dean Types of Number
Hypothesis)
Divisibility of Numbers
Basic Properties
Types of Number 2 GCF and LCM
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

Greatest Common Factor
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
A Special Theorem in GCF and LCM
Some Problems
Some Problems
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime 3 Properties of Numbers: Odd, Even, and Prime Numbers
Numbers

Complex Numbers 4 Complex Numbers

 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis) In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that
extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted i, called the
Basic Properties
Types of Number imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i 2 = −1; every complex number
Divisibility of Numbers

GCF and LCM

can be expressed in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers.
Greatest Common Factor Because no real number satisfies the above equation, i was called an
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM
imaginary number by René Descartes. For the complex number a + bi, a is
Some Problems
called the real part, and b is called the imaginary part. The set of complex
Properties of
Numbers: Odd, numbers is denoted by either of the symbols C or C .
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Basic Operations

Introduction to
Elementary Addition
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean Only combine the real parts and the imaginary parts.
Hypothesis)
Ex. (2i + 2) + (3 + 4i) = 5 + 6i
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
Subtraction
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
The same applies in subtraction.
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
Ex. (2 − 5i) − (1 − 6i) = 1 + i
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of
Multiplication
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
In multiplication, treat them like you’re multiplying two binomials. Apply
Complex Numbers FOIL Method if you are more comfortable with it.
Ex. (2 + 2i)(1 + i) = (2)(1) + (2)(i) + (2i)(1) + (2i)(i) = 4i
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Exponents with i technique:
Hypothesis)
Question:
Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
What is the value of i 124 ?
GCF and LCM A. i
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple B. -1
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM C. -i
Some Problems

Properties of
D. 1
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers
The technique here is to divide the exponent by 4, then take the remainder.
Complex Numbers
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)

Basic Properties
If the remainder is:
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
1→i
GCF and LCM 2→ -1
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
3→-i
A Special Theorem in GCF
and LCM 0→1
Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Exponents with i technique:
Basic Properties Question:
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
What is the value of i 124 ?
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
A. i
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
B. -1
and LCM
Some Problems C. -i
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
D. 1
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)
Exponents with i technique:
Basic Properties Question:
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers
What is the value of i 124 ?
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
A. i
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
B. -1
and LCM
Some Problems C. -i
Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
D. 1
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers
 Introduction to
Elementary
Number Theory

Anthony (Dean
Hypothesis)

Basic Properties
Types of Number
Divisibility of Numbers Thank you for Listening!
GCF and LCM
Greatest Common Factor
Least Common Multiple
A Special Theorem in GCF
Till next UPCAT review again!
and LCM
Some Problems

Properties of
Numbers: Odd,
Even, and Prime
Numbers

Complex Numbers