More Examples of JavaScript if-else Statements

Here are additional examples of if-else statements in JavaScript:

Example 1: Checking Even or Odd Number

javascript

Copy

let num = 7;

if (num % 2 === 0) {

console.log("The number is even.");

} else {

console.log("The number is odd.");

// Output: The number is odd.

Example 2: Checking Age for Voting Eligibility

javascript

Copy

let age = 17;

if (age >= 18) {

console.log("You are eligible to vote.");

} else {

console.log("You are not eligible to vote.");

// Output: You are not eligible to vote.

Example 3: Checking Temperature for Weather Advice

javascript

Copy

let temperature = 30;

if (temperature > 25) {

console.log("It's hot outside! Stay hydrated.");

} else {

console.log("The weather is pleasant.");

// Output: It's hot outside! Stay hydrated.

Example 4: Validating User Login

javascript

Copy

let username = "admin";

let password = "1234";

if (username === "admin" && password === "1234") {

console.log("Login successful!");

} else {

console.log("Invalid credentials. Please try again.");

// Output: Login successful!

Nested if-else Statement Examples

Example 1: Grading System

javascript

Copy

let marks = 85;

if (marks >= 80) {

console.log("Grade: A");

if (marks >= 90) {

console.log("Excellent Performance!");

} else {

console.log("Great Job!");

} else {

if (marks >= 60) {

console.log("Grade: B");

} else {

console.log("Grade: C");

// Output: Grade: A Great Job!

Example 2: Checking Weather Conditions

javascript

Copy

let temperature = 15;

if (temperature > 30) {

 console.log("It's too hot outside!");

} else {

if (temperature > 20) {

console.log("The weather is nice.");

} else {

if (temperature > 10) {

console.log("It's a bit chilly.");

} else {

console.log("It's very cold!");

// Output: It's a bit chilly.

Example 3: Nested Login Authentication

javascript

Copy

let username = "admin";

let password = "secure123";

if (username === "admin") {

if (password === "secure123") {

console.log("Login successful!");

} else {

console.log("Incorrect password.");

}
} else {

console.log("Invalid username.");

// Output: Login successful!

Would you like any further examples or explanations?

Loop control in JavaScript allows you to execute a block of code multiple times. Here are the main types
of loops and their control mechanisms:

1. for Loop

The for loop is used when the number of iterations is known.

javascript

Copy

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

console.log(i);

2. while Loop

The while loop continues as long as a specified condition is true.

javascript

Copy

let i = 0;

while (i < 5) {

console.log(i);

i++;
}

3. do...while Loop

The do...while loop executes the block at least once, then continues as long as the condition is true.

javascript

Copy

let i = 0;

do {

console.log(i);

i++;

} while (i < 5);

4. for...of Loop

Used for iterating over iterable objects (like arrays).

javascript

Copy

const array = [1, 2, 3, 4];

for (const value of array) {

console.log(value);

5. for...in Loop

Used for iterating over the properties of an object.

javascript

Copy
const obj = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };

for (const key in obj) {

console.log(`${key}: ${obj[key]}`);

Loop Control Statements

break: Exits the loop immediately.

continue: Skips the current iteration and continues with the next one.

Example of break and continue

javascript

Copy

for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

if (i === 5) {

break; // Exit loop when i is 5

if (i % 2 === 0) {

continue; // Skip even numbers

console.log(i); // Logs only odd numbers less than 5

Summary

Using these loops and control statements, you can effectively manage iteration in JavaScript, making it a
powerful language for programming tasks that require repeated actions.

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JavaScript For Loop

Last Updated : 19 Nov, 2024

JavaScript for loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a
condition. It consists of three parts: initialization, condition, and increment/decrement.
// for loop begins when x=2

// and runs till x <= 4

for (let x = 2; x <= 4; x++) {

console.log("Value of x:" + x);

Output

Value of x:2

Value of x:3

Value of x:4

For loop to print table of a number.

let x = 5

for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {

console.log(x * i);

Output

10
15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

For loop to print elements of an array.

let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40];

for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

console.log(arr[i]);

Output

10

20

30

40

Syntax of For Loop in JavaScript

A for loop in JavaScript repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. It
includes initialization, condition checking, and iteration steps, making it efficient for controlled,
repetitive tasks.

Syntax:

for (statement 1 ; statement 2 ; statement 3){ code here...}

Statement 1: It is the initialization of the counter. It is executed once before the execution of the code
block.

Statement 2: It defines the testing condition for executing the code block

Statement 3: It is the increment or decrement of the counter & executed (every time) after the code
block has been executed.

Flow chart

This flowchart shows the working of the for loop in JavaScript. You can see the control flow in the For
loop.

for loop flow chart

Statement 1: Initializing Counter Variable

Statement 1 is used to initialize the counter variable. A counter variable is used to keep track of the
number of iterations in the loop. You can initialize multiple counter variables in statement 1.

We can initialize the counter variable externally rather than in statement 1. This shows us clearly that
statement 1 is optional. We can leave the portion empty with a semicolon.

Example:
let x = 2;

for (; x <= 4; x++) {

console.log("Value of x:" + x);

Output

Value of x:2

Value of x:3

Value of x:4

Output

Value of x:2

Value of x:3

Value of x:4

Statement 2: Testing Condition

This statement checks the boolean value of the testing condition. If the testing condition is true, the for
loop will execute further, otherwise loop will end and the code outside the loop will be executed. It is
executed every time the for loop runs before the loop enters its body.

This is also an optional statement and Javascript treats it as true if left blank. If this statement is omitted,
the loop runs indefinitely if the loop control isn't broken using the break statement. It is explained below
in the example.

Example:
let x = 2;

for (; ; x++) {

console.log("Value of x:" + x);

break;

Output

Value of x:2

Output:

Value of x:2

Statement 3: Updating Counter Variable

It is a controlled statement that controls the increment/decrement of the counter variable.

It is also optional by nature and can be done inside the loop body.

Example:
const subjects = ["Maths", "Science", "Polity", "History"];

let i = 0;

let len = subjects.length;

let gfg = "";

for (; i < len;) {

gfg += subjects[i];

//can be increased inside loop

i++;

console.log(gfg)

Output

MathsSciencePolityHistory

Output

MathsSciencePolityHistory

More Loops in JavaScript

JavaScript has different kinds of loops in Java. Some of the loops are:

Loop Description

for loopA loop that repeats a block of code a specific number of times based on a conditional
expression.

while loop A loop that repeats a block of code as long as a specified condition is true.

do-while loop A loop that executes a block of code at least once, then repeats the block as long as a
specified condition is true.

for...of loop Iterates over the values of an iterable object (like arrays, strings, maps, sets, etc.)
for...in loop Iterates over the enumerable properties of an object (including inherited properties).

Learn and master JavaScript with Practice Questions. JavaScript Exercises provides many JavaScript
Exercise questions to practice and test your JavaScript skills.

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The JavaScript for...in loop iterates over the properties of an object. It allows you to access each key or
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JavaScript for...of Loop

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for iterable objects such as arrays, strings, maps, sets, and more. It is better choice for traversing items
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JavaScript do...while Loop

A do...while loop in JavaScript is a control structure where the code executes repeatedly based on a
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JavaScript While Loop

Last Updated : 19 Nov, 2024

The while loop executes a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. In JavaScript, this loop
evaluates the condition before each iteration and continues running as long as the condition remains
true

Here's an example that prints from 1 to 5.

let count = 1;

while (count <= 5) {

console.log(count);

count++;

Output

Syntax
while (condition) { Code block to be executed}

Using While Loop to find Traverse an Array

let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40];

let i = 0;

while (i < arr.length) {

console.log(arr[i]);

i++;

Output

10

20

30

40

Do-While loop

A Do-While loop is another type of loop in JavaScript that is similar to the while loop, but with one key
difference: the do-while loop guarantees that the block of code inside the loop will be executed at least
once, regardless of whether the condition is initially true or false .

Syntax
do {

// code block to be executed

} while (condition);

Example : Here's an example of a do-while loop that counts from 1 to 5.

let count = 1;

do {

console.log(count);

count++;

} while (count <= 5);

Output

Comparison between the while and do-while loop:

The do-while loop executes the content of the loop once before checking the condition of the while
loop. While the while loop will check the condition first before executing the content.

While Loop
Do-While Loop

It is an entry condition looping structure.

It is an exit condition looping structure.

The number of iterations depends on the condition mentioned in the while block.

Irrespective of the condition mentioned in the do-while block, there will a minimum of 1 iteration.

The block control condition is available at the starting point of the loop.

The block control condition is available at the endpoint of the loop.

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Loops in JavaScript are used to reduce repetitive tasks by repeatedly executing a block of code as long as
a specified condition is true. This makes code more concise and efficient.Suppose we want to print 'Hello
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JavaScript for loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a
condition. It consists of three parts: initialization, condition, and increment/decrement. javascript// for
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trueHere's an example that prints from 1 to 5. JavaScriptlet count = 1; while (count <= 5

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property name of an object.JavaScriptconst car = { make: "Toyota", model: "Corolla", year: 2020 }; for
(let key in car) { console.log(`${key}: ${car[key]}`); }Outputmake: Toyota model: Corolla
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JavaScript for...of Loop

The JavaScript for...of loop is a modern, iteration statement introduced in ECMAScript 2015 (ES6). Works
for iterable objects such as arrays, strings, maps, sets, and more. It is better choice for traversing items
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Article Tags :

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201305

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Software Engineering

Digital Logic Design

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DevOps

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Functions in JavaScript

Last Updated : 14 May, 2025

Functions in JavaScript are reusable blocks of code designed to perform specific tasks. They allow you to
organize, reuse, and modularize code. It can take inputs, perform actions, and return outputs.

Loading Playground...

function sum(x, y) {

return x + y;

console.log(sum(6, 9));

Output

15

Function Syntax and Working

A function definition is sometimes also termed a function declaration or function statement. Below are
the rules for creating a function in JavaScript:

Begin with the keyword function followed by,

A user-defined function name (In the above example, the name is sum)

A list of parameters enclosed within parentheses and separated by commas (In the above example,
parameters are x and y)

A list of statements composing the body of the function enclosed within curly braces {} (In the above
example, the statement is "return x + y").

Return Statement

In some situations, we want to return some values from a function after performing some operations. In
such cases, we make use of the return. This is an optional statement. In the above function, "sum()"
returns the sum of two as a result.

Function Parameters

Parameters are input passed to a function. In the above example, sum() takes two parameters, x and y.

Calling Functions

After defining a function, the next step is to call them to make use of the function. We can call a function
by using the function name separated by the value of parameters enclosed between the parenthesis.

Loading Playground...

// Function Definition

function welcomeMsg(name) {

return ("Hello " + name + " welcome to GeeksforGeeks");

}

let nameVal = "User";

// calling the function

console.log(welcomeMsg(nameVal));

Output

Hello User welcome to GeeksforGeeks

Why Functions?

Functions can be used multiple times, reducing redundancy.

Break down complex problems into manageable pieces.

Manage complexity by hiding implementation details.

Can call themselves to solve problems recursively.

Function Invocation

The function code you have written will be executed whenever it is called.

Triggered by an event (e.g., a button click by a user).

When explicitly called from JavaScript code.

Automatically executed, such as in self-invoking functions.

Function Expression

It is similar to a function declaration without the function name. Function expressions can be stored in a
variable assignment.

Syntax:
let geeksforGeeks= function(paramA, paramB) {

// Set of statements

Loading Playground...

const mul = function (x, y) {

return x * y;

};

console.log(mul(4, 5));

Output

20

Arrow Functions

Arrow functions are a concise syntax for writing functions, introduced in ES6, and they do not bind their
own this context.

Syntax:

let function_name = (argument1, argument2 ,..) => expression

Loading Playground...

const a = ["Hydrogen", "Helium", "Lithium", "Beryllium"];

const a2 = a.map(function (s) {

return s.length;

});

console.log("Normal way ", a2);

const a3 = a.map((s) => s.length);

console.log("Using Arrow Function ", a3);

Output

Normal way [ 8, 6, 7, 9 ]

Using Arrow Function [ 8, 6, 7, 9 ]

Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE)

IIFE functions are executed immediately after their definition. They are often used to create isolated
scopes.

Loading Playground...

(function () {

console.log("This runs immediately!");

})();
Output

This runs immediately!

Callback Functions

A callback function is passed as an argument to another function and is executed after the completion of
that function.

Loading Playground...

function num(n, callback) {

return callback(n);

const double = (n) => n * 2;

console.log(num(5, double));

Output

10

Anonymous Functions

Anonymous functions are functions without a name. They are often used as arguments to other
functions.
Loading Playground...

setTimeout(function () {

console.log("Anonymous function executed!");

}, 1000);

Nested Functions

Functions defined within other functions are called nested functions. They have access to the variables
of their parent function.

Loading Playground...

function outerFun(a) {

function innerFun(b) {

return a + b;

return innerFun;

const addTen = outerFun(10);

console.log(addTen(5));

Output

15

Pure Functions
Pure functions return the same output for the same inputs and do not produce side effects. They do not
modify state outside their scope, such as modifying global variables, changing the state of objects
passed as arguments, or performing I/O operations.

Loading Playground...

function pureAdd(a, b) {

return a + b;

console.log(pureAdd(2, 3));

Output

Key Characteristics of Functions

Parameters and Arguments: Functions can accept parameters (placeholders) and be called with
arguments (values).

Return Values: Functions can return a value using the return keyword.

Default Parameters: Default values can be assigned to function parameters.

Advantages of Functions in JavaScript

Reusability: Write code once and use it multiple times.

Modularity: Break complex problems into smaller, manageable pieces.

Improved Readability: Functions make code easier to understand.

Maintainability: Changes can be made in one place without affecting the entire codebase.

Choosing the Right Function Type

Use function declarations for regular reusable functions.

Use arrow functions for concise, one-line functions.

Use IIFE for code that runs immediately.

Use callback functions for asynchronous operations like API calls.

Use pure functions for predictable behavior without side effects.

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In JavaScript, we can create functions in many different ways according to the need for the specific
operation. For example, sometimes we need asynchronous functions or synchronous functions. Â In this
article, we will discuss the difference between the function Person( ) { }, let person = Person ( )

3 min read

JavaScript Function Complete Reference

A JavaScript function is a set of statements that takes inputs, performs specific computations, and
produces outputs. Essentially, a function performs tasks or computations and then returns the result to
the user.Syntax:function functionName(Parameter1, Parameter2, ..) { // Function body}Example: Be

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JS Array

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How to write a function in JavaScript ?

Last Updated : 15 May, 2024

JavaScript functions serve as reusable blocks of code that can be called from anywhere within your
application. They eliminate the need to repeat the same code, promoting code reusability and
modularity. By breaking down a large program into smaller, manageable functions, programmers can
enhance code organization and maintainability.

Functions are one of JavaScript's core building elements. In JavaScript, a function is comparable to a
procedure—a series of words that performs a task or calculates a value—but for a process to qualify as a
function, it must accept some input and produce an output with a clear link between the input and the
result. To utilize a function, it must be defined in some place within the scope from which it will be
called.

Function Definition

A Function Definition or function statement starts with the function keyword and continues with the
following.

Function's name.

A list of function arguments contained in parenthesis and separated by commas.

Statements are enclosed in curly brackets.

Syntax:

function name(arguments)

javascript statements
}

Function Calling:

Function Calling at a later point in the script, simply type the function's name. By default, all JavaScript
functions can utilize argument objects. Each parameter's value is stored in an argument object. The
argument object is similar to an array. Its values may be accessed using an index, much like an array. It
does not, however, provide array methods.

function welcome() {

console.log("welcome to GfG");

// Function calling

welcome();

Output

welcome to GfG

Function Arguments:

A function can contain one or more arguments that are sent by the calling code and can be utilized
within the function. Because JavaScript is a dynamically typed programming language, a Function
Arguments can have any data type as a value.
function welcome(name) {

console.log("Hey " + "" + name + " " + "welcome to GfG");

// Passing arguments

welcome("Rohan");

Output

Hey Rohan welcome to GfG

Return Value:

A return statement is an optional part of a JavaScript function. If you wish to return a value from a
function, you must do this. Return Value should be the final statement of a function.

function welcome() {

// Return statement

return "Welcome to GfG";

console.log(welcome());

Output

Welcome to GfG
Function Expression:

We may assign a function to a variable and then utilize that variable as a function in JavaScript. Function
Expression is known as a function expression.

let welcome = function () {

return "Welcome to GfG";

let gfg = welcome();

console.log(gfg);

Output

Welcome to GfG

Types Of Functions in JavaScript

1. Named function:

A Named function is one that we write in code and then use whenever we need it by referencing its
name and providing it with some parameters. Named functions come in handy when we need to call a
function several times to give various values to it or run it multiple times.

function add(a, b) {
 return a + b;

console.log(add(5, 4));

Output

2. Anonymous function:

We can define a function in JavaScript without giving it a name. This nameless function is referred to as
the Anonymous function. A variable must be assigned to an anonymous function.

let add = function (a, b) {

return a + b;

console.log(add(5, 4));

Output

3. Nested Functions:

A function in JavaScript can contain one or more inner functions. These Nested Functions fall within the
purview of the outer function. The inner function has access to the variables and arguments of the outer
function. However, variables declared within inner functions cannot be accessed by outer functions.
function msg(firstName) {

function hey() {

console.log("Hey " + firstName);

return hey();

msg("Ravi");

Output

Hey Ravi

4. Immediately invoked function expression:

The browser executes the invoked function expression as soon as it detects it. Immediately invoked
function expression has the advantage of running instantly where it is situated in the code and
producing direct output. That is, it is unaffected by code that occurs later in the script and can be
beneficial.

let msg = (function() {

return "Welcome to GfG" ;

})();

console.log(msg);
Output

Welcome to GfG

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Registered Address:

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201305

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