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Transformation Grade 10

The document explains geometric transformations including translation, reflection, rotation, and enlargement. Each transformation is described with specific characteristics, such as the use of vectors for translation, mirror lines for reflection, angles and centers for rotation, and scale factors for enlargement. The document emphasizes the importance of defining the parameters for each transformation to accurately describe the changes in shapes.

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48 views7 pages

Transformation Grade 10

The document explains geometric transformations including translation, reflection, rotation, and enlargement. Each transformation is described with specific characteristics, such as the use of vectors for translation, mirror lines for reflection, angles and centers for rotation, and scale factors for enlargement. The document emphasizes the importance of defining the parameters for each transformation to accurately describe the changes in shapes.

Uploaded by

ushi9002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Translation

When a point is translated on the number plane, the image is in the same
orientation as the object and every point on the shape moves exactly the same
distance in the same direction. The original shape and its image after
translation are congruent to each other.
A translation on a coordinate grid can be described using a column vector.

Shape A has been translated with vector

to get shape B.
A vector shows the horizontal and vertical components of the movement.

1
To describe a translation you need to state the vector for the movement.
Reflection
Reflection flips a shape over a mirror line. The object and the image are the
same distance from the mirror line. The mirror line is an axis of symmetry.
When reflecting in the x-axis , each point flips to the other side of the x-axis so
its y-coordinate will change sign.

When reflecting in the y-axis, each point flips to the other side of the y-axis so
its x-coordinate will change sign.

Other lines eg the line y = x or the line x = 1 can be used as the mirror line.

Shape A has been reflected in the Shape C has been reflected in the
line y = x to get shape B. line x = 1 to get shape D.
To describe a reflection you need to state the equation of the mirror line.

2
Rotation
A rotation is a turn about a fixed point. A rotation can be either
clockwise or anticlockwise .
To rotate a point through 90°anticlockwise about the point (0, 0), imagine a
right angle being formed at the origin (0, 0). The two arms of the right angle
are the same length.

Shape A has been rotated Shape C has been rotated


90° clockwise about the 180° about the point (1,
point (2, 1) to get shape B. 1) to get shape D.
For 180° it does not
matter if you rotate
clockwise or
anticlockwise.
It is often easier to use tracing paper to carry out a rotation.
• trace the shape to be rotated
• put your pencil on the centre of rotation
• rotate the paper through the required angle
• draw the shape in its new position and label it

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To describe a rotation you need to state:
• the angle
• whether the rotation is clockwise or anticlockwise
• the coordinates of the centre of rotation.
Find the centre of rotation
You can use tracing paper to locate the position of the centre of rotation. Trace
the object and use trial and error to find the correct centre of rotation to map
the object on to the image.

The transformation that maps shape C on to shape D is a rotation of 90°


anticlockwise with centre of rotation (–2, 1).

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Enlargements
You should already be familiar with the idea of enlarging shapes on grids.
This should be done in a specific way, using a centre of enlargement and a
scale factor. Rays may be drawn from the centre of enlargement, to show how
the transformation is operating.
There are three different scenarios, depending on the value of the scale factor:
• Scale factor greater than 1: simple enlargement – the object gets bigger
• Scale factor between 0 and 1: the enlargement is a reduction – the object
gets smaller
• Negative scale factor: the object is enlarged/reduced and inverted.

To compare the area in enlargement questions square the scale factor

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