Linear Equations in Two Variables

1. Solve the system: 3x + 2y = 12, 5x - y = 9.

2. Find the value of k if the system kx + y = 2, 6x + ky = 3 has no solution.

3. If x = 2t + 3 and y = t - 1, eliminate t to form a linear equation.

4. A boat goes 30 km downstream in 2 hours and returns in 3 hours. Find the speed of boat and

current.

5. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines x = 0, y = 0, and 2x + 3y = 6.

6. Determine the nature of the system: 2x + 3y = 6, 4x + 6y = 12.

7. If x + y = 5 and x - y = 1, find the values of x and y.

8. A number consists of two digits. The digit in the tens place is twice the digit in the units place. If

the digits are reversed, the new number is 36 less than the original. Find the number.

9. Solve for x and y: 7x - 2y = 13, 3x + y = 9.

10. Find the value of m for which the system mx + y = 1, x + my = m has infinitely many solutions.
 Polynomials
1. If alpha and beta are the roots of 3x^2 - 5x + 2 = 0, find alpha + beta and alphabeta.

2. Divide 4x^3 + 3x^2 - x + 5 by x + 2.

3. Find the zeroes of the polynomial x^2 - 4x + 3 and verify the relationship between the zeroes and

coefficients.

4. If x^2 + ax + b has zeroes 2 and 3, find a and b.

5. Factorize: x^3 + x^2 - x - 1.

6. Given that one zero of the polynomial x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1 is -1, find the other zeroes.

7. If the polynomial x^3 + px^2 + qx + r is divisible by x + 1, find the relation between p, q, and r.

8. Find the remainder when x^3 - 3x^2 + 5x - 3 is divided by x - 2.

9. If x = 1 is a root of the polynomial x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x - 6, find the other roots.

10. Determine the degree of the polynomial (x - 1)^2(x + 2)^3.

 Real Numbers
1. Find the HCF and LCM of 60 and 72 using prime factorization.

2. Show that sqrt2 is irrational.

3. If the HCF of two numbers is 18 and their LCM is 540, find the product of the numbers.

4. Prove that there are infinitely many prime numbers.

5. Use Euclid's division algorithm to find the HCF of 252 and 198.

6. Find the least number which when divided by 12, 15, and 20 leaves a remainder of 5 in each

case.

7. Determine whether 7/15 has a terminating decimal expansion.

8. Express 0.142857142857... as a rational number.

9. Find the HCF of 96 and 404 by Euclid's algorithm.

10. Prove that sqrt5 is irrational.

 Similar Triangles
1. In triangle ABC, DE || BC, find DE if AD = 3, DB = 2, and AC = 10.

2. Prove that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, it divides the other two sides in the

same ratio.

3. Two triangles are similar. The ratio of their areas is 9:16. Find the ratio of their corresponding

sides.

4. In right triangle, prove that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of squares of the

other two sides using similarity.

5. In triangle ABC ~ triangle DEF, if AB = 6, DE = 4, and area of triangle ABC = 54, find area of

triangle DEF.

6. In triangle ABC, D and E are points on AB and AC respectively such that DE || BC. Prove that

AD/AB = AE/AC.

7. If two triangles are similar, prove that the ratio of their corresponding altitudes is equal to the ratio

of their corresponding sides.

8. In triangle ABC, D is a point on AB and E is a point on AC such that DE || BC. If AB = 9, AC = 12,

AD = 3, find AE.

9. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their

corresponding sides.

10. In triangle ABC, D and E are points on AB and AC respectively such that DE || BC. If AB = 10,

AC = 8, AD = 4, find AE.
 Reflection of Light
1. State the laws of reflection.

2. An object is placed at 10 cm in front of a plane mirror. Where is the image formed?

3. Describe characteristics of the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is at the center

of curvature.

4. A ray strikes a mirror at an angle of 30 degrees to the mirror surface. Find the angle of reflection.

5. Draw ray diagrams for concave and convex mirrors showing all principal rays.

6. An object is placed 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. Find the position and

nature of the image.

7. Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.

8. Explain why a plane mirror forms a virtual image.

9. Calculate the magnification produced by a concave mirror when an object is placed 20 cm from it

and the image is formed at 40 cm.

10. State the difference between real and virtual images.

 Refraction of Light
1. Define refractive index and write its formula.

2. Light travels from air to glass. If angle of incidence is 45 degrees and refractive index of glass is

1.5, find angle of refraction.

3. State Snell's law of refraction.

4. Explain why a pencil appears bent in water.

5. What is total internal reflection? Give two applications.

6. A ray of light passes from water (refractive index 1.33) to air. Calculate the critical angle.

7. Define optical density.

8. A convex lens has a focal length of 20 cm. Find the image distance when an object is placed 30

cm from the lens.

9. Explain the formation of a rainbow.

10. Differentiate between real and apparent depth.

 Chemical Bonding
1. Draw the Lewis structure for HO.

2. Explain the difference between ionic and covalent bonding with examples.

3. Write electronic configuration and bonding in NaCl.

4. Why are ionic compounds generally soluble in water?

5. Describe VSEPR theory and predict shape of CH4.

6. Why is the bond angle in water less than 109.5 degrees?

7. Which of the following molecules is polar: CO, HO, BF? Justify.

8. Compare the bond strength and bond length of single, double, and triple bonds.

9. What is hybridization? Determine the hybridization of carbon in ethene (CH4).

10. Draw the molecular orbital diagram for O and comment on its magnetic character.