2/24/25, 2:00 PM C#/.NET Interview Cheat sheet.

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C#/.NET Interview Cheat sheet

Ashraf Rahman · Follow
5 min read · Jul 1, 2020

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2/24/25, 2:00 PM C#/.NET Interview Cheat sheet. I have been a software developer for 3… | by Ashraf Rahman | Medium

I have been a software developer for 3 years since graduating, during which
I’ve applied to over 1000+ job applications around my field and noticed
specific questions being asked frequently.

I’ve complied as much questions and answers I can identify to help

Developers/Engineers achieve there dream job.

Disclaimer: I have made the answers short and simple as I find this works best
during interviews, please feel free to research in-depth about a topic you are
unfamiliar with.

We’ll start with explaining the four pillars of OOP (Object orientated
programming):

OOP — Object orientated programming (What is [blank] and

give me an example)
Inheritance:

Inheritance is when a derived class inherits the attributes and functions of

the base class. An example would be if class “Yatch” or “Row Boat” inherits
from the class “Boat” to utilise attributes that is common between them
where we can hold values such as: Passenger limit, size, weight etc.

Encapsulation:

Encapsulation provides security to your data by hiding it from irrelevant

classes or functions. It does this by using Access modifiers such as:

Public: Can be used to accessed anywhere in the assembly

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Private: Can be used to accessed within the class only

Internal: Can be used to access members from the same assembly but
not a different assembly

Protected: Can be used to access members of the same class or derived

class

Abstraction:

A process of hiding implementation, not to be confused with encapsulation

(hiding information). For example, the process of creating coffee is to grind
the beans, boil water, mix the coffee in a pot and serve. When creating a
“Coffee” class the user does not need to know the entire process of making
the beverage.

Polymorphism:

Polymorphisim is when a object or function can take on multiple forms.

Most commonly found in inheritance/abstraction: where the derived class
uses the function of the base class and provides its own implementation of
it.

Secondly (…and my favourite) Overriding and Overloading is another

example where polymorphisim is used:

Overloading: writing two or more methods in the same class by using the
same method name, but the passing parameters are different.

Overriding: we use the method names in the different classes, that

means parent class method is used in the child class.

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Understanding and explaining the SOLID principles is paramount to landing

the interview:

SOLID principles:
Question: What is SOLID?

Answer: It is five design principles intended to make software designs more

understandable, flexible and maintainable.

Single Responsibility Principle (SRP):

A class should take care of a Single Responsibility. For example, In an

automated email program, sending email and validating email should be in
different functions as their roles are different.

Open closed Principle (OSP):

A class is open for extension and closed for modification. For example,
utilising an inheritance, so it is open for extension but closed for
modification.

Liskov substitution Principle (LSP):

You should be able to use any derived class instead of a parent class and have
it behaved in the same manner without modification. The parent class
should be able to refer to child objects seamlessly during runtime
polymorphism.

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It ensures that a derived class does not affect the behaviour of the parent
class.

Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)

You should not be forced to implement interfaces you do not use. Instead of
one big interface, many small interfaces are preferred based on groups of
methods, each one serving one sub-module.

Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP):

High-level modules/classes should not depend on low-level modules/classes.

Both should depend upon abstractions. Secondly, abstractions should not
depend upon details. Details should depend upon abstractions.

.Net knowledge Questions:

What is LINQ?

LINQ is known as Language Integrated Query, it provides the ability for

.NET languages (like C#, VB.NET, etc.) to generate queries to retrieve data
from the data source.

CLR (Common language runtime):

The CLR is essentially the heart of the .net framework, it helps the
development process by offering services such as: memory management,
debugging and security (to name a few), code which runs on the CLR is
known as managed code.

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Garbage Collection:

The garbage collector manages the allocation and release of memory for an
application.

Generics:

Provides type safety by allowing you to tailor classes and functions to precis
data types. For example, Lists and arrays where it is required to specify the
data type to prevent irrelevant values from being placed inside.

Managed vs Un-managed code:

Managed code runs on the CLR and provides services such as: Garbage
collection and reference checking among other things. so essentially it is
code that is managed by the CLR.

Un-managed code compiles straight to machine code and is not managed by

the CLR.

Boxing vs Un-Boxing:

Boxing means to wrap a value type in an object type. In general, boxed

values uses more memory and takes a minimum of two memory look ups to
access. That’s why it’s really not a good practice.

Unboxing is the opposite of boxing.

C# Knowledge Questions:

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What is [Blank]?

Object:

An object is an instance of a class

Class:

A class is a blueprint of an object, it contains instructions (known as

functions) and attributes to define what the object is and does.

Constructor:

A constructor is what is called first when instantiating an object. It allows

values to be initialised when the object is called.

Jagged Array:

Jagged arrays are arrays of arrays. Containing elements of different

dimensions and sizes

Ref & Out parameters:

An argument passed as Ref must be initialised before passing to the method

whereas the out parameter does not to be initialised before passing to a
method.

Of course there are hundreds of questions that can be asked but these are my
select few that I have come across the most frequent. It is also advised to

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prepare for questions outside of the list above to solidify your understanding
of the language/framework.

Let me know if I have missed any questions or if you think you have a better
explanation.

I will be releasing more cheat sheets covering: JavaScript, REST API, JSON,
SQL and also Python and Machine Learning. Thank you for reading.

C Sharp Programming Dotnet Interview Preparation Interview Cheatsheet

Written by Ashraf Rahman Follow

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Software Developer and Machine Learning Enthusiast

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