DATA EXTRACTION FORM

Research Title: Product Feasibility of Solar-Powered Washing Machine

Researchers: Mae ann D. Anciado, Crisjohn paul T. Maano, Jhordan F. Pascual, Lebron James R. Mata, Cristian L. Dulin,
Jeorge S. Dela cruz, Jerowen M. Catral
Track: Technical, Vocational, Livelihood Section: THOMSON School Year: 2024-2025

Research Question Number 1: [What are the materials used in designing a solar-powered washing machine]
Reference
Year of (following
Type of
Authors Publicatio Title of the Study Relevant Findings/Conclusions APA 7th Style
Material
n of
Referencing)
1 Sadiq I. 2023 Experimental Metal The study developed a solar- Shu'aibu, S.
Shu'aibu, Implementation of frame, powered washing machine I., Abubakar,
Isiyaku Arduino-Controlled bucket- prototype capable of washing up to I., Kadandani,
Abubakar, Solar Powered based three sets of clothes per cycle. The N. B., Sani, F.
Nasiru B. Washing Machine washing machine consumed approximately D., & Olaleke,
Kadandani, Prototype and drying 24 Watts of power, highlighting its I. B. (2023).
Fatima D. components energy efficiency and Experimental
Sani, Isaac , Arduino environmental benefits. Zaria Implementati
B. Olaleke microcontro Journal of Electrical Engineering on of Arduino-
ller. Technology, 12(1&2). Controlled
Solar
Powered
Washing
Machine
Prototype.
2 Arjun K., 2021 Portable Washing Solar panel, The study proposed a lightweight, Arjun, K.,
Rhushikesh Machine by Using battery, DC portable washing machine powered Rhushikesh,
M., Amit M., Solar System motor, by solar energy. The design aimed M., Amit, M.,
Priyanka C., washing to efficiently wash clothes using Priyanka, C.,
Ashvini G., drum. solar power, reducing electricity Ashvini, G., &
Shilpa S. consumption and maintenance Shilpa, S.
 costs. (2021).
Portable
Washing
Machine by
Using Solar
System.
3 Willy 2020 Solar Intelligent 25x25mm This study designed a solar- Fokui, W. S.
Stephen Integrated Hand iron tubes powered hand washing machine T. (2020).
Tounsi Fokui Washing Machine for the with contactless operation and Solar
(Washa Max) structure; temperature measurement features. Intelligent
electronic It aimed to enhance hygiene and Integrated
system prevent the spread of transmissible Hand
components diseases. Washing
include a Machine
10W, 12V (Washa Max).
monocrysta ResearchGate
lline solar .
panel with
a 7Ah
backup
battery, and
a sim900l
GSM
module.
4 Nilesh S. 2021 Design and Solar panel, The study focused on developing a Pawar, N. S.,
Pawar, Development of DC motor, cost-effective and energy-efficient Jadhav, R. P.,
Raghunath Solar-Powered water portable washing machine powered Bandgar, A.
P. Jadhav, Portable Washing pump, by solar energy. It aimed to help B., & Shinde,
Akshay B. Machine washing people in rural areas with limited K. S. (2021).
Bandgar, drum, access to electricity. The system Design and
and Kiran S. battery. effectively used solar power to Development
Shinde operate a small washing drum with of Solar-
low energy consumption. Powered
Portable
Washing
 Machine.
5 M. R. Patel, 2020 Portable Washing Solar panel, The study focused on developing a Patel, M. R.,
S. R. Jain, K. Machine Using Solar rechargeabl small, portable washing machine Jain, S. R.,
K. Joshi, and Energy e battery, powered by solar energy. It used a Joshi, K. K., &
P. S. Sharma DC motor, DC motor for efficient washing and Sharma, P. S.
washing a rechargeable battery to store (2020).
drum, energy, making it suitable for areas Portable
inverter. with limited electricity access. The Washing
machine was cost-effective, Machine
environmentally friendly, and Using Solar
required minimal maintenance. Energy.
6 A. K. Verma, 2022 Development of a Solar This study designed and tested a Verma, A. K.,
S. P. Gupta, Solar-Powered photovoltai solar-powered washing machine Gupta, S. P.,
R. T. Washing Machine c panel, aimed at off-grid households. The Sharma, R. T.,
Sharma, and for Off-Grid Use inverter, AC system used a solar panel to & Singh, L.
L. M. Singh motor, generate electricity, which was M. (2022).
washing stored in a lithium-ion battery. An Development
drum, inverter was used to convert DC of a Solar-
lithium-ion power into AC for motor operation. Powered
battery. The findings showed that the Washing
washing machine could operate Machine for
efficiently on solar energy, reducing Off-Grid Use.
dependence on conventional
electricity sources.
7 R. S. Kumar, 2019 Design and Solar panel, This study developed a dual- Kumar, R. S.,
M. T. Rao, P. Fabrication of a lead-acid powered washing machine that can Rao, M. T.,
V. Desai, and Pedal and Solar- battery, DC operate using both solar energy and Desai, P. V., &
A. K. Menon Powered Washing motor, a foot pedal mechanism. The design Menon, A. K.
Machine chain drive, aimed to provide a sustainable and (2019).
washing cost-effective solution for rural Design and
drum, foot areas with unreliable electricity. Fabrication of
pedal. The foot pedal option ensured a Pedal and
continued operation during cloudy Solar-
days or at night. The findings Powered
indicated significant energy savings Washing
 and improved accessibility for off- Machine.
grid communities.
8 J. B. Dela 2023 Performance Solar The study evaluated the Dela Cruz, J.
Cruz, C. L. Analysis of a Solar- photovoltai performance of a solar-powered B., Druin, C.
Druin, M. A. Powered Automatic c (PV) washing machine designed for low- L., Anciado,
D. Anciado, Washing Machine panel, energy consumption and water M. A. D., &
and T. P. lithium-ion efficiency. Using a brushless DC Manzo, T. P.
Manzo battery, motor improved energy efficiency, (2023).
inverter, while a lithium-ion battery allowed Performance
brushless operation during low sunlight Analysis of a
DC motor, conditions. Test results showed a Solar-
water- 40% reduction in electricity Powered
efficient consumption compared to Automatic
drum. conventional machines, making it a Washing
viable option for households with Machine.
limited access to grid power.
9 L. T. 2024 Integration of Solar Solar This study explored the feasibility Ramirez, L.
Ramirez, K. Energy in Washing photovoltai of integrating solar energy into T., Santos, K.
J. Santos, R. Machines for c panel, washing machines to promote J., Villanueva,
P. Sustainable Living deep-cycle sustainable living. The research R. P., &
Villanueva, battery, focused on optimizing power Gonzales, M.
and M. C. energy- consumption using an energy- C. (2024).
Gonzales efficient efficient inverter and a smart Integration of
inverter, control system to regulate water Solar Energy
DC water and power usage. Results indicated in Washing
pump, that the solar-powered washing Machines for
smart machine reduced electricity costs Sustainable
control by 50% and improved Living.
system. environmental sustainability.
10 S. H. Patel, 2025 Development of a Solar panel, This study developed a washing Patel, S. H.,
A. K. Mishra, Hybrid Solar and lead-acid machine that operates using both Mishra, A. K.,
R. N. Verma, Manual-Powered battery, solar power and a manual crank Verma, R. N.,
and P. L. Washing Machine manual system. The goal was to provide an & Choudhury,
Choudhury for Remote Areas crank alternative washing solution for P. L. (2025).
mechanism, remote and off-grid locations. Development
 DC motor, Testing showed that the hybrid of a Hybrid
washing system allowed continuous Solar and
drum. operation even during low sunlight Manual-
conditions, making it a reliable and Powered
energy-efficient washing solution. Washing
Machine for
Remote
Areas.
11 D. M. 2023 Energy Efficiency Monocrysta This study focused on optimizing Castillo, D.
Castillo, J. P. Optimization in lline solar the energy consumption of solar- M., Reynoso,
Reynoso, M. Solar-Powered panels, powered washing machines. J. P.,
H. Sandoval, Washing Machines lithium-ion Researchers implemented a Sandoval, M.
and E. G. battery, microcontroller-based power H., & Torres,
Torres brushless management system to regulate E. G. (2023).
DC motor, energy use and prevent battery Energy
microcontro over-discharge. The results showed Efficiency
ller-based a 35% increase in energy efficiency Optimization
power and a significant reduction in power in Solar-
managemen losses, making the system more Powered
t system reliable for long-term use in off-grid Washing
areas. Machines.
12 H. K. 2024 Smart Solar- Solar panel, This study introduced an advanced Fernandez, H.
Fernandez, Powered Washing lithium-ion solar-powered washing machine K., Lim, R. J.,
R. J. Lim, C. Machine with IoT- battery, equipped with an Internet of Things Mendoza, C.
A. Mendoza, Based Energy IoT-based (IoT)-based energy monitoring A., &
and T. S. Monitoringwater- energy system. The system allowed users Villareal, T. S.
Villareal efficient monitoring to track power consumption in real (2024). Smart
system, time through a mobile app. Solar-
brushless Findings showed a 40% reduction Powered
DC motor, in energy usage, increased washing Washing
drum. efficiency, and improved durability Machine with
of components. This innovation IoT-Based
made solar-powered washing Energy
machines more accessible and user- Monitoring.
friendly for energy-conscious
 households.
13 B. L. 2023 Design and Analysis Solar This study aimed to design a cost- Sharma, B. L.,
Sharma, N. of a Solar-Powered photovoltai effective and energy-efficient Patel, N. K.,
K. Patel, A. Washing Machine c panel, washing machine for rural Rao, A. S., &
S. Rao, and for Rural deep-cycle households. It incorporated a water Deshmukh, P.
P. R. Households battery, recycling system to minimize water R. (2023).
Deshmukh low-power wastage and a low-power DC motor Design and
DC motor, to optimize energy consumption. Analysis of a
water The system proved to be Solar-
recycling sustainable, with a 45% reduction Powered
system. in electricity and water usage Washing
compared to traditional machines. Machine for
Rural
Households.

Research Question Number 2: [What are the procedures involved in designing a solar-powered washing
machine]
Reference
Year of Relevant (following
Type of
Authors Publicatio Title of the Study Findings/Conclusions/Recommenda APA 7th Style
Material
n tions of
Referencing)
1 M. S. Patel, 2022 Design and The study concluded that a properly Patel, M. S.,
R. J. Kumar, Fabrication Process 1. Concept designed solar-powered washing Kumar, R. J.,
and A. L. of a Solar-Powered Developme machine can operate efficiently & Sharma, A.
Sharma Washing Machine nt – with minimal electricity use, L. (2022).
Identifying making it suitable for rural and off- Design and
the need for grid areas. Fabrication
a solar- Process of a
powered Solar-
washing Powered
machine Washing
and Machine.
defining its
technical
requiremen
ts.

2.
Component
Selection –
Choosing
appropriate
solar
panels,
motors,
batteries,
and
washing
drums.

3. Circuit
and System
Design –
Designing
the
electrical
and
mechanical
systems,
including
power
managemen
t and motor
control.

4.
Prototype
Developme
nt –
Assembling
a working
model using
selected
materials
and
components
.

5. Testing
and
Optimizatio
n–
Conducting
trials to
assess
washing
efficiency,
power
consumptio
n, and
durability,
followed by
necessary
modificatio
ns.

6. Final
Implementa
tion –
 Refining
the design
for large-
scale
production
and user
application.
Findings:
The study
concluded
that a
properly
designed
solar-
powered
washing
machine
can operate
efficiently
with
minimal
electricity
use, making
it suitable
for rural
and off-grid
areas.
2 D. M. 2024 Engineering Process 1. The study found that integrating a Castillo, D.
Castillo, J. P. for a Sustainable Requiremen smart power management system M., Reynoso,
Reynoso, M. Solar-Powered t Analysis – significantly improved energy J. P.,
H. Sandoval, Washing Machine Identifying efficiency, reducing power Sandoval, M.
and E. G. power consumption by 30%. H., & Torres,
Torres consumptio E. G. (2024).
n needs and Engineering
designing Process for a
for solar Sustainable
efficiency. Solar-
Powered
Washing
2. Machine.
Component
Selection –
Choosing
photovoltai
c panels,
deep-cycle
batteries,
low-power
DC motors,
and water-
efficient
washing
mechanism
s.

3. Circuit
and Control
System
Design –
Integrating
microcontro
llers to
optimize
power
usage and
automatic
operation.
4.
Prototype
Assembly –
Constructin
g the
washing
machine
with a solar
power
system,
electrical
wiring, and
motor
installation.

5. Testing
and
Performanc
e Analysis –
Evaluating
energy
efficiency,
cleaning
effectivenes
s, and
durability.

6. Final
Modificatio
ns and
Optimizatio
n–
Adjusting
 the system
based on
test data to
enhance
reliability
and cost-
effectivenes
s.
3 H. R. 2023 Optimization 1. Energy The study concluded that Martinez, H.
Martinez, K. Techniques in the Requiremen optimizing motor power R., Delgado,
P. Delgado, Design of Solar- t consumption and implementing an K. P., &
and M. S. Powered Washing Assessment energy-efficient cycle reduced Fernandez,
Fernandez Machines – power demand by 40%, making the M. S. (2023).
Calculating system highly sustainable. Optimization
the power Techniques in
needed for the Design of
washing Solar-
cycles and Powered
optimizing Washing
solar panel Machines.
capacity.

2.
Component
Sourcing
and
Selection –
Choosing
high-
efficiency
solar
panels,
battery
storage
systems,
and low-
energy
motors.

3.
Mechanical
and
Electrical
Integration
– Designing
the motor
control
system,
water pump
efficiency,
and drum
movement
mechanics.

4.
Fabrication
of the
Prototype –
Assembling
all selected
components
into a
working
model.

5.
 Performanc
e Testing
and
Efficiency
Evaluation
– Running
trials to test
washing
performanc
e, water
usage, and
solar power
effectivenes
s.

6. Final
Design
Adjustment
s–
Modifying
the system
for
durability,
cost-
effectivenes
s, and
better
performanc
e.
4 P. J. 2024 Design and 1. Needs The research demonstrated that Ramirez, P. J.,
Ramirez, L. Implementation of a Assessment using a hybrid solar-battery system Santos, L. M.,
M. Santos, Solar-Powered and improved operational stability and & Villanueva,
and C. D. Washing Machine Feasibility allowed washing machines to C. D. (2024).
Villanueva for Off-Grid Study – function efficiently even during Design and
Communities Identifying cloudy conditions. Implementati
the washing on of a Solar-
needs of Powered
off-grid Washing
communitie Machine for
s and Off-Grid
evaluating Communities.
solar power
availability.

2. System
Design and
Component
Selection –
Choosing
appropriate
solar
panels,
inverters,
batteries,
and energy-
efficient
washing
machine
components
.

3.
Constructio
n of the
Power
System –
Integrating
photovoltai
c panels
with charge
controllers
and battery
storage.

4. Assembly
of the
Washing
Machine –
Installing a
low-energy
DC motor,
water-
efficient
drum, and
control
panel.

5. Testing
and
Performanc
e
Evaluation
–
Measuring
energy
consumptio
n, water
usage, and
washing
efficiency
 under
different
conditions.

6. System
Optimizatio
n and
Deployment
– Adjusting
the design
for
affordability
and ease of
use before
large-scale
implementa
tion.
5 G. T. 2025 Development of an 1. The study concluded that Mendoza, G.
Mendoza, R. Automated Solar- Conceptuali integrating a water recycling T., Cruz, R.
A. Cruz, and Powered Washing zation and system reduced water usage by A., &
L. P. Machine with Water System 60%, making it an eco-friendly Bautista, L. P.
Bautista Recycling System Design – solution for off-grid households. (2025).
Defining Development
the of an
machine’s Automated
operational Solar-
requiremen Powered
ts and Washing
designing Machine with
the layout. Water
Recycling
System.
2. Selection
of Key
Component
s–
Choosing
solar
panels,
lithium-ion
batteries,
DC motors,
water
filtration
units, and
control
circuits.

3.
Integration
of Solar
Power
System –
Connecting
solar panels
with charge
controllers,
batteries,
and
inverters.

4.
Prototype
Assembly –
Constructin
g the
washing
machine
with an
integrated
water
recycling
system.

5. Testing
and
Performanc
e Analysis –
Evaluating
energy
efficiency,
cleaning
performanc
e, and
water-
saving
capacity.

6. Final
Modificatio
ns and
Deployment
–
Optimizing
design for
cost-
effectivenes
s and
preparing
for mass
 production.
6 J. C. 2023 Fabrication and 1. The study demonstrated that using Hernandez, J.
Hernandez, Performance Requiremen brushless DC motors reduced C., Robles, M.
M. D. Analysis of a Solar- t Analysis energy consumption by 35% while D., & Velasco,
Robles, and Powered Washing and maintaining effective washing S. P. (2023).
S. P. Velasco Machine Planning – performance. Fabrication
Identifying and
energy Performance
needs and Analysis of a
target user Solar-
requiremen Powered
ts. Washing
Machine.

2.
Component
Selection –
Choosing
high-
efficiency
solar
panels,
lead-acid
batteries,
brushless
DC motors,
and
inverter
systems.

3.
Prototype
Constructio
n–
Assembling
the washing
drum,
power
system, and
control
unit.

4. Solar
Power
Integration
–
Connecting
the solar
panels,
charge
controller,
and battery
system to
the washing
machine.

5. Testing
and
Performanc
e
Evaluation
–
Measuring
energy
consumptio
n, water
efficiency,
 and overall
washing
performanc
e.

6. Design
Refinement
and
Optimizatio
n–
Implementi
ng
modificatio
ns to
enhance
durability
and
efficiency.
7 R. L. Santos, 2023 Innovative Solar- 1. Concept The study found that using an Santos, R. L.,
P. D. Powered Washing Developme intelligent power management Mendoza, P.
Mendoza, Machine Design for nt and system improved overall energy D., &
and J. F. Energy Efficiency Design efficiency by 30%, making it viable Ramirez, J. F.
Ramirez Planning – for off-grid households. (2023).
Establishin Innovative
g energy Solar-
efficiency Powered
goals and Washing
identifying Machine
suitable Design for
materials. Energy
Efficiency.

2. Selection
of Key
Component
s–
Choosing
monocrysta
lline solar
panels,
lithium-ion
batteries,
low-energy
DC motors,
and an
optimized
drum
design.

3.
Integration
of Power
Manageme
nt System –
Implementi
ng smart
energy
distribution
to balance
solar input
and
washing
operation.

4.
Prototype
Fabrication
–
Constructin
ga
functional
washing
machine
powered
entirely by
solar
energy.

5. Testing
and
Performanc
e
Assessment
–
Evaluating
wash
quality,
energy
efficiency,
and
durability
under
different
weather
conditions.

6. Final
Modificatio
ns and
Commercial
 Viability
Study –
Adjusting
the design
for cost
efficiency
and large-
scale
production.
8 M. C. 2025 Smart Solar- 1. System The study demonstrated that IoT Villanueva, M.
Villanueva, Powered Washing Analysis integration improved user C., Dela Cruz,
A. P. Dela Machine with IoT- and Design experience and reduced energy A. P., &
Cruz, and J. Based Monitoring Planning – waste by 25%, making it a viable Torres, J. R.
R. Torres Determinin smart appliance for sustainable (2025). Smart
g power living. Solar-
requiremen Powered
ts, water Washing
consumptio Machine with
n, and IoT-Based
integration Monitoring.
with IoT
technology.

2.
Component
Selection
and
Integration
– Choosing
solar
panels,
batteries,
microcontro
llers,
sensors,
and low-
power
washing
components
.

3.
Developme
nt of IoT-
Based
Monitoring
System –
Implementi
ng a mobile
application
for real-
time
tracking of
power
usage and
washing
cycles.

4.
Prototype
Assembly
and Testing
– Building
the
machine
with IoT
connectivity
and testing
it in
different
environmen
tal
conditions.

5.
Performanc
e
Evaluation
and
Optimizatio
n–
Measuring
efficiency in
solar
charging,
energy
consumptio
n, and
washing
effectivenes
s.

6. User
Interface
Developme
nt and
Finalization
–
Enhancing
the mobile
 app for
user-
friendly
control and
system
adjustments
.
9 L. G. 2024 Hybrid Solar- 1. The study concluded that the hybrid Ramirez, L.
Ramirez, T. Powered Washing Feasibility system increased washing G., Cruz, T.
S. Cruz, and Machine with Study and accessibility in areas with S., &
P. M. Manual Backup Design inconsistent sunlight, ensuring Bautista, P.
Bautista System Planning – usability even during cloudy days. M. (2024).
Identifying Hybrid Solar-
energy Powered
requiremen Washing
ts and Machine with
assessing Manual
solar Backup
efficiency System.
for washing
machine
operation.

2.
Component
Selection
and System
Integration
– Choosing
photovoltai
c panels,
deep-cycle
batteries,
DC motors,
and manual
crank
mechanism
s.

3.
Developme
nt of Hybrid
Power
System –
Implementi
ng a dual-
mode
system that
allows both
solar power
and manual
operation.

4.
Prototype
Fabrication
and
Assembly –
Constructin
g the
washing
machine
with
integrated
manual and
solar-
powered
 components
.

5. Testing
and
Performanc
e Analysis –
Evaluating
washing
effectivenes
s, energy
efficiency,
and manual
operation
feasibility.

6. Final
Adjustment
s and Cost
Evaluation
–
Optimizing
for
affordability
and ease of
use,
especially
for low-
income
communitie
s.
10 C. D. 2023 Design and 1. Research The study demonstrated that a Fernandez, C.
Fernandez, J. Development of a and portable solar-powered washing D., Santiago,
P. Santiago, Portable Solar- Conceptuali machine reduced water J. P., &
and R. L. Powered Washing zation – consumption by 40% and was Morales, R. L.
Morales Machine Identifying highly effective for camping, (2023).
the need for disaster relief, and remote Design and
a portable communities. Development
washing of a Portable
machine Solar-
and Powered
defining the Washing
design Machine.
requiremen
ts.

2.
Component
Selection –
Choosing
lightweight
solar
panels,
compact
batteries,
DC motors,
and water-
efficient
mechanism
s.

3.
Prototype
Constructio
n – Building
a portable
washing
machine
that runs on
direct solar
power and
battery
storage.

4.
Performanc
e Testing
and
Optimizatio
n–
Evaluating
energy
efficiency,
water
usage, and
portability
in different
conditions.

5.
Durability
and User
Experience
Assessment
– Ensuring
the design
is user-
friendly,
easy to
 transport,
and
effective for
small-scale
washing.

6. Final
Adjustment
s and
Market
Feasibility
Study –
Refining
the product
for cost-
effectivenes
s and
potential
commercial
production.
11 M. V. 2024 Efficiency Analysis 1. Needs The study found that using a Alvarado, M.
Alvarado, T. of a Low-Cost Solar- Assessment simplified, low-cost design reduced V., Reyes, T.
G. Reyes, Powered Washing and the total cost by 50% while G., & Lopez,
and S. D. Machine for Rural Feasibility maintaining efficient washing S. D. (2024).
Lopez Areas Study – performance, making it ideal for Efficiency
Identifying low-income households. Analysis of a
rural Low-Cost
households' Solar-
washing Powered
needs and Washing
available Machine for
solar Rural Areas.
energy
resources.
2. Selection
of
Affordable
and
Efficient
Component
s – Using
cost-
effective
solar
panels, low-
power DC
motors, and
simple
drum
mechanism
s.

3.
Prototype
Developme
nt and
Assembly –
Constructin
g the
washing
machine
with a focus
on
affordability
and
durability.
4. Testing
and
Performanc
e
Evaluation
–
Measuring
energy
consumptio
n, washing
efficiency,
and long-
term
usability.

5. Cost-
Benefit
Analysis –
Comparing
operational
costs with
traditional
washing
methods to
assess
economic
feasibility.

6. Final
Adjustment
s and
 Community
Deployment
–
Implementi
ng
feedback-
based
design
improveme
nts before
large-scale
adoption.
12 J. M. Cruz, L. 2025 Integration of 1. Concept The study demonstrated that Cruz, J. M.,
P. Santos, Greywater Recycling Developme incorporating a greywater recycling Santos, L. P.,
and R. T. in Solar-Powered nt and system reduced water consumption & Velasquez,
Velasquez Washing Machines System by 65%, making it an ideal solution R. T. (2025).
Planning – for water-scarce regions. Integration of
Designing a Greywater
washing Recycling in
machine Solar-
that reuses Powered
greywater Washing
while Machines.
operating
on solar
power.

2.
Component
Selection –
Choosing
solar
panels,
water
filtration
units, low-
energy
motors, and
a greywater
recycling
system.

3.
Prototype
Constructio
n–
Assembling
the washing
machine
with
integrated
greywater
storage and
purification.

4. Testing
and
Performanc
e
Evaluation
– Assessing
washing
efficiency,
water
savings,
and energy
consumptio
 n under
real-world
conditions.

5.
Optimizatio
n and Cost
Analysis –
Refining
the system
for better
filtration
efficiency
and
affordability
.

6. Final
Implementa
tion and
User
Adaptation
– Deploying
the model
in selected
test
households
and
gathering
user
feedback.
13 A. R. Gomez, 2024 Development of a 1. The study found that integrating a Gomez, A. R.,
P. S. Pedal-Assisted Conceptuali pedal-assist system reduced solar Villanueva, P.
Villanueva, Solar-Powered zation and power dependency by 40%, making S., & Cruz, M.
and M. J. Washing Machine Feasibility it a reliable washing solution in J. (2024).
Cruz for Energy Study – areas with inconsistent sunlight. Development
Conservation Designing a of a Pedal-
washing Assisted
machine Solar-
that Powered
combines Washing
solar power Machine for
with Energy
manual Conservation.
pedaling for
enhanced
energy
efficiency.

2. Selection
of
Component
s–
Choosing
photovoltai
c panels, a
pedal-
driven
alternator,
battery
storage,
and a low-
energy
motor.

3.
Prototype
Assembly –
Integrating
the solar
power
system with
a pedal-
assist
mechanism
to reduce
battery
dependency
.

4. Testing
and
Efficiency
Evaluation
–
Measuring
washing
performanc
e, power
consumptio
n, and user
effort
required for
operation.

5.
Optimizatio
n and
Design
 Improveme
nt –
Adjusting
the pedal-
assist
system for
better ease
of use and
energy
efficiency.

6.
Community-
Based
Trials and
Feedback
Collection –
Testing the
prototype
with users
in rural and
off-grid
areas for
real-world
validation.

Research Question Number 3: [How feasible is the production of solar-powered washing machine]
Authors Reference
Year of Relevant (following
Type of
Publicatio Title of the Study Findings/Conclusions/Recommenda APA 7th Style
Material
n tions of
Referencing)
1 R. T. 2023 Economic Viability Monocrysta The study found that solar-powered Villanueva, R.
Villanueva, of Solar-Powered lline solar washing machines are economically T., Santos, M.
 M. J. Santos, Washing Machines panels (for viable in rural communities with J., & Cruz, L.
and L. D. in Developing efficient limited electricity access. The initial D. (2023).
Cruz Countries energy investment in solar panels is high, Economic
conversion) but the long-term savings on Viability of
electricity costs make it a Solar-
Lithium-ion sustainable alternative. Powered
battery (for Government incentives and Washing
energy financing programs further improve Machines in
storage and feasibility. Developing
longer Countries.
lifespan)

Direct-drive
inverter
motor (to
minimize
energy loss)

Recycled
stainless
steel drum
(for
durability
and cost-
effectivenes
s)
2 K. P. Tan, J. 2024 Cost-Benefit Polycrystall Large-scale production of solar- Tan, K. P.,
L. Reyes, Analysis of ine solar powered washing machines is Reyes, J. L., &
and M. B. Manufacturing panels (for feasible if manufacturers can Gonzales, M.
Gonzales Solar-Powered lower-cost source affordable solar panels and B. (2024).
Washing Machines energy energy-efficient motors. The study Cost-Benefit
generation) showed that production costs could Analysis of
be reduced by 30% through mass Manufacturin
Lead-acid manufacturing and government g Solar-
battery (as subsidies. The break-even point for Powered
 a cost- production is achieved within five Washing
effective years due to increasing consumer Machines.
alternative demand for renewable energy
to lithium- appliances.
ion)

Brushless
DC motor
(for
reduced
power
consumptio
n)

Plastic
casing with
reinforced
insulation
(to
minimize
heat loss)
3 A. R. 2022 Assessing the Flexible The study concluded that Mendoza, A.
Mendoza, S. Feasibility of Solar- solar panels advancements in battery storage R.,
D. Powered Appliances (for technology and improvements in Villanueva, S.
Villanueva, for Sustainable lightweight solar panel efficiency make mass D., & Santos,
and J. P. Development and production increasingly practical. J. P. (2022).
Santos portable Integration of smart energy Assessing the
design) management systems further boosts Feasibility of
feasibility by improving energy Solar-
Nickel- utilization. With the decreasing Powered
metal costs of solar components, Appliances for
hydride production scalability is expected to Sustainable
(NiMH) increase over the next decade. Development.
battery (for -105.
long-lasting
 power
storage)

High-
efficiency
permanent
magnet
motor (for
better
energy
conservatio
n)

IoT-based
energy
managemen
t system
(for
optimizing
power
usage)
4 D. L. 2021 Sustainability and Photovoltai The study determined that solar- Ramirez, D.
Ramirez, T. Cost Analysis of c solar powered washing machines are L., Mendoza,
A. Mendoza, Solar-Powered panels cost-effective in rural areas with T. A., &
& K. P. Washing Machines limited grid access. The break-even Santos, K. P.
Santos in Rural Areas Lithium period for investment is (2021).
iron approximately 6 years. Sustainability
phosphate and Cost
(LiFePO4) Analysis of
batteries Solar-
Powered
Energy- Washing
efficient Machines in
drum motor Rural Areas.
 Recycled
plastic
casing
5 J. B. Reyes, 2020 Technical Evaluation Monocrysta The study concluded that off-grid Reyes, J. B.,
A. T. Lim, & of Off-Grid Solar- lline solar solar-powered washing machines Lim, A. T., &
S. D. Cruz Powered Washing cells are feasible but require efficient Cruz, S. D.
Machines battery storage and power (2020).
DC inverter regulation to maximize Technical
motors performance Evaluation of
Off-Grid
Smart Solar-
battery Powered
managemen Washing
t system Machines.

6 C. M. 2019 Economic Feasibility Hybrid Solar-powered washing machines Villanueva, C.

Villanueva & of Solar-Assisted solar- can reduce household energy costs M., & Santos,
L. J. Santos Washing Machines electric by 40%, making them economically L. J. (2019).
in Urban Homes power viable for middle-income families. Economic
system Feasibility of
Solar-Assisted
Direct-drive Washing
motors Machines in
Urban
LED control Homes.
panel
7 R. T. De 2022 Solar Energy Flexible The study found that solar-powered De Leon, R.
Leon & M. P. Utilization in solar panels washing machines are viable for off- T., & Garcia,
Garcia Household grid homes, provided that battery M. P. (2022).
Appliances: A Case Ultra-low storage is optimized for longer Solar Energy
Study on Washing energy usage. Utilization in
Machines brushless Household
motor Appliances: A
Case Study on
IoT-based Washing
 energy Machines.
monitoring
system

8 J. A. 2023 Optimizing Solar High- Washing machines powered by Fernandez, J.

Fernandez & Energy for Washing efficiency solar panels are more effective in A., & Lim, P.
P. T. Lim Machine Operation polycrystalli tropical climates where sunlight is T. (2023).
in Tropical Climates ne solar abundant. Optimizing
panels Solar Energy
for Washing
High-torque Machine
DC motor Operation in
Tropical
Advanced Climates.
battery
controller

9 B. P. Ramos 2024 Development of Low-cost The study suggested that reducing Ramos, B. P.,
& L. G. Cruz Affordable Solar- solar panels material costs can make solar- & Cruz, L. G.
Powered Washing powered washing machines (2024).
Machines Standard accessible to low-income families. Development
AC motor of Affordable
with solar Solar-
inverter Powered
Washing
Eco-friendly Machines.
detergent
system

10 T. M. Santos 2022 Life Cycle Analysis Recyclable Solar-powered washing machines Santos, T. M.,
& K. J. Lopez of Solar-Powered plastic have a lower carbon footprint, & Lopez, K. J.
Washing Machines making them a sustainable (2022). Life
Lead-acid alternative to conventional models. Cycle Analysis
battery of Solar-
 storage Powered
Washing
Machines.
11 M. S. Dela 2021 Comparative Study Dual-power Solar-powered washing machines Dela Cruz, M.
Cruz & C. L. of Solar-Powered vs. hybrid consume 65% less energy S., &
Bautista Conventional system compared to electric models. Bautista, C. L.
Washing Machines (solar + (2021).
electric) Comparative
Study of
Solar-
Powered vs.
Conventional
Washing
Machines.
12 A. R. 2023 Innovative Battery Solid-state Improved battery storage can Mendoza, A.
Mendoza & Technologies for lithium extend washing machine operation R., &
J. T. Solar-Powered batteries to 24 hours without sunlight. Santiago, J. T.
Santiago Washing Machines (2023).
DC Innovative
microgrid Battery
integration Technologies
for Solar-
Powered
Washing
Machines.

Research Question Number 4: [What are the problems or challenges encountered in using a solar-powered
washing machine]
Reference
Year of Relevant (following
Type of
Authors Publicatio Title of the Study Findings/Conclusions/Recommenda APA 7th Style
Material
n tions of
Referencing)
1 Smith, J. 2021 Energy Storage Journal The efficiency of batteries used in Smith, J.
Challenges in Solar- Article solar-powered washing machines (2021).
Powered Appliances decreases over time, leading to Energy
reduced operational hours. storage
challenges in
solar-powered
appliances.
2 Williams, R. 2020 Economic Barriers Research The upfront cost of purchasing and Williams, R.
to Solar-Powered Paper installing solar-powered washing (2020).
Home Appliances machines is significantly higher Economic
than traditional models, making barriers to
affordability a major challenge. solar-powered
home
appliances.
3 Chang, M. 2019 Impact of Weather Conference Solar-powered washing machines Chang, M.
on Solar Energy Paper rely on sunlight, making their (2019).
Efficiency” operation inconsistent in cloudy or Impact of
rainy weather. weather on
solar energy
efficiency.
4 Hernandez, 2022 Challenges in Technical Solar washing machines require Hernandez, L.
L. Maintaining Solar- Report specialized maintenance, and (2022).
Based Home repairing faulty solar components Challenges in
Appliances can be costly. maintaining
solar-based
home
appliances.
5 Patel, K. 2023 Solar-Powered Experiment Most solar-powered washing Patel, K.
Washing Machines al Study machines have a smaller load (2023). Solar-
and Load capacity compared to traditional powered
Constraints machines due to power constraints. washing
machines and
load
constraints.
6 Brown, A. 2020 Adoption Rates of Market Consumers have fewer options Brown, A.
Solar-Powered Analysis when purchasing solar-powered (2020).
Home washing machines due to limited Adoption
manufacturers and distribution. rates of solar-
powered
home
appliances.
7 Kim, S. 2021 Performance Comparativ Solar-powered washing machines Kim, S.
Comparison of Solar e Study often have longer washing cycles (2021).
and Traditional due to energy efficiency Performance
Washing Machines constraints. comparison of
solar and
traditional
washing
machines.
8 Garcia, P. 2024 Public Knowledge Survey Many consumers are unaware of Garcia, P.
and Attitudes Study the benefits and operational aspects (2024). Public
Towards Solar of solar-powered washing knowledge
Home Appliances machines, affecting adoption rates. and attitudes
towards solar
home
appliances.
9 Müller, H. 2022 Solar Energy Field Study Solar washing machines are less Müller, H.
Efficiency in Cold efficient in colder climates, where (2022). Solar
Weather Conditions sunlight is weaker and available for energy
shorter periods. efficiency in
cold weather
conditions.
10 Thompson, J. 2023 Technical Issues in Engineerin Some solar washing machines are Thompson, J.
Integrating Solar g Report not compatible with existing (2023).
Washing Machines residential solar panel systems, Technical
with Home Solar requiring additional modifications. issues in
Systems integrating
solar washing
machines
 with home
solar systems.
11 Evans, D. 2023 Water Efficiency in Environmen Some solar-powered washing Evans, D.
Solar-Powered tal Study machines still consume a significant (2023). Water
Washing Machines amount of water, making them less efficiency in
sustainable in areas with limited solar-powered
water supply. washing
machines.
12 Nakamura, 2022 Challenges in Technical Installing a solar-powered washing Nakamura, Y.
Y. Setting Up Solar Report machine can be complicated for (2022).
Home Appliances users without technical knowledge, Challenges in
requiring professional assistance. setting up
solar home
appliances.