sUB:INTRODUCTI0 TO ELEGTROrUICS | SACHIN.

POepared
B1
onGeL
CommuICATIonN moDULE -1. Asst
SUB CADE BESCK•N4C st Po£
PoL, DEpEOE ECE
Sys TEM 9?
1·WHAT IS AN EMBEDDED mohanial
are elect oonic/elect at-
An embedded systern is speciic umcion.
to peTfoom a
is a cornbinai n
amd
im uate (softuare)
appliames, teiecommwnicatien s
Example: house hold c0nswmes
eguipmemt, industnal contn),
medical
PoDduct etc-.
chactes and behouisus,
" Unique in hadunse amd softuare
" with sPecializpd

PURPASE coMPUTIN
l-aDISTINGUISH BETNEEN GE NERAL
SySTEM AND EMBEDDED SySTEJm 2
Ge neral puspose computing | Embedded system
Sytem
Asystem which is a )A Sysem whichjs a
natien ofa gemencombi nation 0f SPecial
cOmbi
amd d9emoo PUSPase haawase and
|halae
|POoPaSe Dpedating systeam embedoed os f t exeautiny
a specitic Set of afplicleng
fos exe cuthng d vanety
of applicatisrng
a) cortaims a gemelal 63 may not connin
|POSPaS e ope iating sytemom opexatinp 's ystem tos
(GPOS) bunctioni n
 PAGE:
3) Applicatierns ase altetable 3) The fiomunre of the
(PoOgommable) by he weo embedded sysem is Prenon
(3t iS P0SSible toÝ the endPaDgmmmed and it i8 me
DSe to 0e-instoll the - atemble by the end-use
b excepbiong tos
DPeoating syoem, and alse |(Theze maySuppoati
sysemg n9 os keznel
image flaghing thrsugh
applicatong) imago
SPeclad haozbulbie sett'ngs )
kay.
L Pertomona is the the 4) Applica tien -speaht reguismots
in me (UiHe pefoANCe,Pouee
adeioling facbr
Select n 0f he Sy8 HM regisement memoay 3ae
ttc) ase the kay deding
factag
SLess/not at all tailored ) Higbly tuilsaed to toke
tounolg sealvcod opeonling ad vantùge of thL POual Saling
Powes Teguiremont, Ymodegsppotted by the haduay
opiens oÝ cihlelent lovels and the
Of POuas managememt
opeating
6} Response deguisements, |6) Forcestain catgo y of
ase not time - cotialembedaed systemg ixe m`sien
Cotial sysems, the Tegponle.
ime deqitmert iS hyphly
cotal
Need ot be dete minSbc7) EXeutien behaiou iS
in executien behouiBus, determinishc for lesain yeg
0f embedaed sytem BMe
LHad Real Time' sygtemg.
 PAGEG)
How are cmbedlded sy8temg classihed baged em:
gemerotion, cemplexity, Pt fomamca segisemantg
dete mivngt behoNTog, amd to9gen9 mechaniSng?
class iticatsn of embeddad Sy&femg ase as follss;
) Based 0n geneoation
a) cormplexity amd peotomamce Degisememt.
3) Based n aleteo minsShc behavibug,
Ka) Baled on
4 clazSitiatien Baled Bn gemesOtoe.
Fitst 9eneratien:
CHARPCTERISTI CS: hese sygtemn a g built ar9wnd
8-bit Zil09 Z80) fo
nicos PDCeSSOTSl ag, intel 8085,
4-bit micoD cont7Dllels.
vd wae designg and wese
They hod simple ha od
Pogyammad ing Asomby
with basi
inal
omputt&nal
LiMHd functioHaliy
Capabilihes.
Examples :Digital telephane KeyPacs
to input nwmbexs fox maxing calls.
" Steppes motos contol the poecigo
wmit contaolled
industngl
movememt 0f Steppeo mwtoos in balic
appliotiemg
 Page:4)
Secend genesatien:
CHARACTERISTICS!

. Used l6- bit micobpDCelpors 6) 8/6 bit

micDcOntrolleag, which we0 moTe pouashul
than theis ist gemasation countelpatt8.
. Instwcisn set became more cemplex amd
Sophis ticatad
versatile,
DPesotieng
all uing
sOme systemg
S intondy ad embeddad opeoating
systems ts manage
EXXOmples;
mamage taskg eficientiy
Datn Acuiti onm systemg: captuTed amd ponalled
data fo) sengo8s leg, tempesatse , pressu se).
Thiod gemasatien:
CHARACTERISTICS:
Intel.
Adophon of 3a- bit p0DCesS0S (e.g,
milnoDleg
Pemtium, motoÝ ola 68K) and l6-bit
Intovdw chion of applicatien -specific PoDCeSS DIs/
c0ntlles SUch as:
> Digithl signal PDcesso8s (DSPs). oPtimiedos,
high speed simal PoDessing.
> Appliatien-specihic Integontod as cut CA sIcs
CUStem degignad for specitic applicatieng
. mnevatieny lixe instctisn Pipetining impobled
PDLeGBing speod.
Emergehce of dedicated Teal-ime an
 SACHJN B-M-Bge
At Po Dept of ECEYS)
geneal- puapase ope ating systemg tailoved
foo embedded syeMg.
APPlicatieng :
Robotg tog industnial atomo tion
"Roboticg: and seensch
Devicag like DVD playesg amol Vidoo.
media:
emcede.
\FOUth genesatim:
CHARAC TERIS TICS;
processo,
Soc integgateg multiple cempsmomts (
othey tumtibnaliti)
memooy /o andminiat20tisn and high
chip, enablhng
Pertomance.
" USe Df high PeotDomamce Teal- time, embeddod
opesating systems.
EXample:
·Smaot phenes ; Advanod fentuseg with high
cemputational capabilitieg amd muttmadia.
supp0ot.

complexity and petomone

14-a clasSiicotitn baged 6n
) Small scalo embedded sysen
a) mesium scale embedded sySie
3) Lasge sale embedded systmfcomplex systemg
 Page:o
Small Scale Embedded
cHARACTERISTICS:
appliatisng with ninimal
" Deßigad for Simple.
Computatinal neods, otia,
Peotornamce seDuisement ase not tine c
Peotomame, Lot-Casb 8 bit 0)
USe l t -
Hpialy YmìCo0PDCe ssoxs/ 7micoo ortolle
16-bit
not imclue am

genalaly stonightfonundamd
E XAMPles:
" Electyenic T0YS: Sinple functonality ike ag ng
"Digitab clocKS : gasic timing opeshtiong without

miocssng
adjancod oocessing
"Hoyne appli amces; stmple embedded' c8ntonlleg
in dovicag lie blenderg 6
Co ffee nachineg
8) medium - Scole Embedded systemg
CHARACTER ISTICS :
more comp lex hadune nd tiÜm
slight'
ave seoui temet! than small-Dle syeg.
BUit a9md medm-pestomance l6-bit
3 bit miCD9pTOcessoss/ micoconto0llelo
63) digtal signel P e p o lDSP)
pooetp
 age SACHIN;B-M
PPOtIE BI7
USunlby ncliale, anm embeddd opnpng
Stem, uhich com be :
genenal - puapose os (
)A ~enl time os lRT0) 0 Ymamag
executin
timaly
and better peDd0 MAMG
SUppot fox mu lhtasking
cempased to small-scal. Systmg.
ExAmpLES:
Washing mechine: Em bedded sygteg
opeRatiomg like d rwm speod,
managin mu tiple
untos avel and tempeatus&.
Inouytsal Datn Hcqistien System: sengors
" alata frnm
Vaug
Collect amd pocele
'n real time,
tom Calulntisng for naligo tó
GPS sevice: pe
amd ouing.
LARGE SCale Embedded sy5tem
3)
CHARAçTERISTIlcS
catieng with highy comple,
"USed in appli seisemamt.
havuae and fiomase
on- coical tKg whole,
Degigned fox mipi eliability arecoeal
high peAOmanceiand 3a-bit 0)
Buit a9Und high pestslrnanco
nclud.
6H bit BISG PoDcessosg,
 Pogee

) Hadunle accelegatog co PoDcepog

fos tasks Line madia decsdinglemcoding
CPtsgrnphic compthting
Incude high- pe~tonana Real-tma opaahay
Sytemg lRTO) to:
5 Tagr schoduling
Ymu Hiple togke.
trat seguie advanco
Handle talry e9P Bngivenalg andl
Teal- tme
ppasing,
Panllosn.
E Xampleg
Autenem9uy vehicles Use mulicore PoLla ig
to Sengo tusion, Tautin, and
deasiem- moking decode audiey
Media Senyelz:Encodo, amd
brsadcastinq
video st reamg for
BA Tnphio JYtemg i
Coptog e haduase
cemmunica tisn.
acclesitou foy sese.
Hevespaa Systemg i pefom enl-time
tlight ent vl and
rmanibaig.
 SACHIN3M.

P4-3 Claescotn bagod em dotemmingtic behalioug,

Detemnishic amd Nen- Detemimishie ExXecatien
behsisu.
Deteomimistic sytemg;
he segpenge time îs Predi ctasle amd occug
wi thùn a guosantood time foame
contool systemg in aiscmft ensnn
Ex:
Flight
hmey adjustmendg.
NOm- Deteminisbc Systemg,
he vey Pemße time cannot be pluasanta od
ogle haso
Ex: 0nline seaSchim, Like
reypenga. dependg en etuslk Lsad
the
Real - Timo syIemg : doadln.
O Hapd Real- Time systemg: Missing
catbstvophi c censegemcag
com lead t im vehi clag ( u t
EX: Aisbag deploment
Ymiisecendg of a coah
activato oithin
detecin), Pacemakels.
sysemg :
6 SOFt Realimecvica :.3depetolmanee
missing-a doadin
but ot cauge
Stoeaming applicotieng (a slight
EX= Volee but wen't

cvësn Me sytem)
edwc
quabity
 (PageO)
CLalsricotien baled on Rencive Systeng and

EVent- TAgeSed Sy8mg: React whon a

SPeahc eent 0ccu.

Flve alasm Sy8lemg that actiuate

EXampleg:-
when SmOKo 0 heat ig detected

sys temg :- Dpelata baged Cn

TO2led
Schodule Poedefnod tirntng
a pesdic that
iniation systemng
Ex AtomatiG momne at 6 Am.
APPLICTION AREAS OF EM8EDDED SYSTEMS
IsLIsT0UT MAT0R AREAS 0 EmBEDDED SUTE
A2P)CAT)D0) SysTEm
CoNsUmER ELECTRONICS : Cam coddesg,camesa etc
HOUSE HOLD APPLIAvCES:Telwisien, DVD Platee,
wasing
mico9ave
mahine todge
em etc--
HoME AUTOMATLoN AN D SECURITY SySTEMS: Al Condliorl
Spoinxiels, intvde detecton
alan,cleßed ciouit telovisr
cameas, fioe alamg et
4) AUTOMO TIVE 1NNDUSTRY :An- lock brenring systemgtAs)
tngine contrl, ignbon ysems,
açtsmatic nauigatön sylemg
etc
Telecom: Celllas telephonas, telephone switches,
hamdset molh'modia applicateny etc.
 SACHINBM

6) Compter Peoi phernls: prntes, sanne, machinag

etc
7) ComPU TER NETNORKING SySTEMS: NetuoYK 0Ute,
Switche8, hubs, Gre ualg etc-
|8) HEALTH CARE: Dittesemt typeg of Scammes, EE O,
ECO machirg etC--
|9) MEASOR MENTe InsTRUMEN TATIon): Diital mulbmatae,
igitnl cROS, 0gic analy ses PLC Syemg etc
BANKING RETAIL : Aytematic telleg, machine
amd cusency counHes, point 0f Saleglas)
tATm)
| ) Caod Reodes: Bax9de, sma3t cad readels,
hamd hel doiceg etc--
VICES Heolth and Fitnepg tocKeRs,
a) WEARABLE DE
scOPLn extemgitn fos ethicatB ctc
Smatphene

13) cloud compuh and mtenet of