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Computer Notes Chapter 1

The document provides an introduction to computers, defining them as electronic devices that process data and outlining their key features such as speed, accuracy, and versatility. It categorizes computers into types, generations, and components, including input/output devices and memory types, while also discussing software, programming languages, and number systems. Additionally, it covers storage devices and the basics of internet and networking.

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Avi Raj
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3 views4 pages

Computer Notes Chapter 1

The document provides an introduction to computers, defining them as electronic devices that process data and outlining their key features such as speed, accuracy, and versatility. It categorizes computers into types, generations, and components, including input/output devices and memory types, while also discussing software, programming languages, and number systems. Additionally, it covers storage devices and the basics of internet and networking.

Uploaded by

Avi Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Definition:

A computer is an electronic device that takes raw data as input, processes it, and gives output.

Features:

- Speed

- Accuracy

- Automation

- Storage

- Versatility

- Diligence

Types of Computers:

- Analog

- Digital

- Hybrid

Generations of Computers:

- 1st Gen: Vacuum Tubes

- 2nd Gen: Transistors

- 3rd Gen: ICs

- 4th Gen: Microprocessors

- 5th Gen: AI

Block Diagram of Computer:


- Input Unit

- CPU (ALU + CU + Memory Unit)

- Output Unit

Explanation of CPU:

- ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit

- CU: Control Unit

Memory Types:

- Primary (RAM, ROM)

- Secondary (Hard Disk, CD, Pen Drive)

Input Devices:

- Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Joystick, MIC, etc.

Output Devices:

- Monitor, Printer, Speaker, etc.

Software Types:

- System Software

- Application Software

Operating System Examples:

- Windows, Linux, Mac OS

Programming Languages:

- Low-level: Machine and Assembly Language


- High-level: C, C++, Java, Python

Translator Types:

- Compiler

- Interpreter

- Assembler

Number Systems:

- Binary (Base-2)

- Octal (Base-8)

- Decimal (Base-10)

- Hexadecimal (Base-16)

Conversions:

- Includes examples of number system conversions.

Memory Units:

- Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB

- 1 Byte = 8 Bits

- 1024 KB = 1 MB, etc.

Storage Devices:

- Magnetic (Hard Disk)

- Optical (CD/DVD)

- Flash (Pen Drive, SSD)

Internet and Networking:


- Definition of Internet

- Uses: Email, Browsing, E-commerce, etc.

- Types of Networks: LAN, MAN, WAN

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