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Complete Software Engineering Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on software engineering, focusing on Object-Oriented Design (OOD) principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It outlines the debugging process, software testing fundamentals, project management tools, and UML diagrams for visualizing software systems. Additionally, it covers key concepts related to UML class diagrams, including class notation, associations, multiplicity, generalization, aggregation, and interfaces.

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4 views4 pages

Complete Software Engineering Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on software engineering, focusing on Object-Oriented Design (OOD) principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It outlines the debugging process, software testing fundamentals, project management tools, and UML diagrams for visualizing software systems. Additionally, it covers key concepts related to UML class diagrams, including class notation, associations, multiplicity, generalization, aggregation, and interfaces.

Uploaded by

aviraljain0012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete Software Engineering Notes

Object-Oriented Design (OOD)


Concepts:

- Encapsulation: Binding data and methods into a single unit (class).

- Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones.

- Polymorphism: Ability of different classes to respond to the same message differently.

- Abstraction: Hiding internal implementation and showing only necessary details.

Design Notation & Specification:

- Use UML diagrams (Class, Use Case, Sequence) to visualize class structure, relationships, and

interactions.

Design Methodology:

- Use Case-Driven Development

- Responsibility-Driven Design

- Design Patterns

Metrics:

- Coupling: Degree of interdependence between modules.

- Cohesion: Degree to which elements of a module belong together.

- Depth of Inheritance: Levels in the class hierarchy.

- Number of Children: Number of subclasses inheriting from a class.

Debugging Process
1. Information Gathering: Collect logs, error messages, user feedback.

2. Fault Isolation: Use breakpoints, unit tests, or logging to narrow down the problem.

3. Fault Confirmation: Replicate the error to confirm its existence.

4. Documentation: Document what caused the issue and how it was fixed.

5. Fixing and Verification: Apply the fix and retest the software.
Software Testing
Testing Fundamentals: Ensures the software behaves as intended. Involves verification and

validation.

Functional Testing (Black Box): No knowledge of internal code. Examples: Boundary Value

Analysis, Equivalence Partitioning.

Structural Testing (White Box): Based on code structure. Examples: Statement, Branch, Path

coverage.

Alpha and Beta Testing:

- Alpha Testing: Internal, by developers/testers.

- Beta Testing: External, by end users.

Testing Object-Oriented Programs: Focuses on class-level testing, inheritance, dynamic binding,

encapsulation.

Levels of Testing:

- Unit Testing: Individual modules.

- Integration Testing: Combined modules.

- System Testing: Entire application.

- Acceptance Testing: End-user validation.

Project Management for Special Software Projects


CASE Tools:

- Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools assist in design, development, testing.

- Examples: Rational Rose, Jenkins, Selenium.

CBSE (Component-Based Software Engineering):

- Software built from reusable components.

- Benefits: Reduced cost, faster development, modularity.

UML (Unified Modeling Language)


Overview: UML is a modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting
software systems.

UML Diagrams:

- Class Diagram: Static structure of classes and relationships.

- Use Case Diagram: User interactions.

- Sequence Diagram: Interaction over time.

- Activity Diagram: Workflow.

- State Diagram: State transitions.

- Component Diagram: Components and dependencies.

- Deployment Diagram: Hardware and software deployment.

UML Class Diagram Concepts


Class Notation:

+----------------------+

| ClassName |

+----------------------+

| - attribute: Type |

| + method(): Return |

+----------------------+

- `+` Public, `-` Private, `#` Protected.

Association: Relationship between classes (e.g., Student <-> Course).

Multiplicity: 1, 0..1, *, 1..* (e.g., One Library has * Books).

Generalization: Inheritance (e.g., Animal -> Dog, Cat).

Aggregation: Whole-part relationship (e.g., Department <>-- Professor).

Interfaces: Defined with <<interface>>, implemented by classes.

UML Summary
| Concept | Meaning |

|----------------|-----------------------------------------|
| Class | Object blueprint |

| Association | Relationship between classes |

| Multiplicity | Number of allowable instances |

| Generalization | Inheritance hierarchy |

| Aggregation | Part-whole relationship |

| Interface | Behavioral contract enforced by class |

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