Solutions to Numerical Problems on DC Networks

1. Find Thevenin’s voltage across a-b terminal in the circuit given below. Also find the internal resistance across
the open circuited a-b terminal, where R1 = 10ohm, R2 = 20ohm, V1 = 10volt, V2 = 20volt, I = 5A.
a

R1 R2
r
V1
I
V2

Solution:
- 50 V x
+ a
10 W 5 A 20 W

10 V
5A

5A
b
y

VTh = Vab = Vxy = 10 + 510 = 60 V

x a
10 W 20 W

b
y

RTh = Rab = 20 + 10 = 30 W
2. Determine the current through the 3 ohm resistance by Superposition Theorem & verify using nodal analysis.
4W 2W

8V 10 V
3W

Solution:
4W 2W

I I8
8V
3W

8 8 40
I= = = A
4 + 3 // 2 4 + 6 26
5
2 40 2 16
I8 = I  =  = = 0.615 A
2 + 3 26 5 26

4W 2W

I10 I
10 V
3W

10 10 70
I= = = A
2 + 3 // 4 2 + 12 26
7
4 70 4 40
I10 = I  =  = = 1.538 A
4 + 3 26 7 26
 I 3 = I 8 + I10 = 0.615 + 1.538 = 2.153 A
4W 2W
V1

8V 10 V
3W

8 − V1 10 − V1 V1
+ =
4 2 3
or, V1 = 6.46 V
V 6.46
 I3 = 1 = = 2.153 A
3 3
3. In the network, calculate the resistance R which will allow maximum power dissipated in it. Also calculate the
maximum power.
12 W 2W

12 V
6W R

Solution:

12 W 2W
x A
+
12 V
i 6W
-
B
y
12
VTh = VAB = Vxy = 6  i = 6  = 4V
(12 + 6)
12 W 2W
A

6W

B
12  6
RTh = RAB = 2 + 12 // 6 = 2 + = 2+4=6W
12 + 6
RTh = 6 W
A

VTh = 4 V R

B
For maximum power transfer, R = RTh = 6 W

2
VTh 42
Maximum power, Pmax = = = 0.667 W
4 RTh 4  6
4. Determine the value of R in the following Figure such that the 4 W resistance consumes maximum power.
R

C D A
3W 3W
10 V

4W
3W

B
Solution:
For the resistance 4 W, maximum power will be delivered to it when the current through it is maximum.
Current through the 4 W is maximum in the circuit when the internal impedance of the circuit is zero. Thus
value of R = 0.
 5. Find the value of load resistance (RL) for which the power source will supply maximum power. Also find
the value of maximum power for the network shown below:
4 ohm

8 ohm RL
24V

Solution:

4 ohm
A

8 ohm
24V

24
VTh = VAB = 8  i = 8  = 16
(4 + 8)

4 ohm
A

8 ohm

48
RTh = RAB = 4 // 8 = = 2.67 W
4+8
RTh = 2.67 W
A

VTh = 16 V RL

B
For maximum power transfer, RL = RTh = 2.67 W

2
V 16 2
Maximum power, Pmax = Th = = 24 W
4 RTh 4  2.67
 6. Determine the current Il through the 15 ohm resistor in the network given by Norton’s Theorem.

10 W

20 W

20 W

15 W
10 V

Solution:
Short circuit the 15 ohm resistance:
10 W
A
20 W

20 W

10 V IN

B
The two 20 ohm resistances in parallel with the short circuited path together becomes zero ohms:
10 W
A

10 V IN

B
10
IN = =1 A
10
10 W
A
20 W

20 W

RN = RAB = (20 // 20) // 10 = 10 // 10 = 5 W

A
I15
RN = 5 W

15 W

IN = 1A

B
5
I15 = 1  = 0.25 A
5 + 15
 7. Calculate the current flowing through the 6Ω resistor with the help of superposition theorem.
9V
2W

12 V 3W

6W
Solution:
9V 2W
I

I9 3W

6W
9 9 9
I= = = A
6 // 3 + 2 18 + 2 4
9
9 3 3
I9 =  = A
4 3+6 4
2W

I 3W
I12 12 V

6W
12 12 8
I= = = A
6 // 2 + 3 12 + 3 3
8
8 2 2
I12 =  = A
3 2+6 3
3 2 17
 I 6 = I 9 + I12 = + = = 1.42 A
4 3 12
 8. Find the current through 5 Ω Resistor using Thevenin’s Theorem in the fig. Below
1A

5W 20 W
10 W 5W

10 V 10 V

Solution:
Convert the 1 A current source to equivalent voltage source
x 10 W 10 V
A

5W 20 W

10 V 10 V
B
y

No current in this loop

VTh = V AB = V Ax + Vxy = 10 + 10 = 20 V
10 W
A

5W 20 W

B
5  20
RTh = RAB = (5 // 20) + 10 = + 10 = 14 W
5 + 20
RTh = 14 W
A
i

5W
VTh = 20 V

B
20
i= = 1.05 A
14 + 5
 9. For the circuit shown below, determine the currents i1, i2, i3 using nodal analysis:
i1 2Ω 4V

DC
i3
DC 6Ω 8Ω
3A
24V
i2

Solution:
i1 4V
2Ω
V1 (V1 – 4)

DC
i3
DC 6Ω 8Ω
3A
24V
i2

i1 + i2 = i3 + 3
24 −V 1 0 − V1 V1 − 4
+ = +3
2 6 8
or, V1 = 12 V

24 − V1
 i1 = = 6A
2
0 − V1
i2 = = −2 A
6
V −4
i3 = 1 =1A
8
 10. Find the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit of the following figure between the terminals X-Y.

2W
X

1A 8W 20 W
R
32 V

Y
Solution:
2W 2W
X X
-
8W i
20 W 20 W
1A 8W +
8V
32 V 32 V

Y Y
32 − 8 24
i= = A
20 + 2 + 8 30

24
VTh = VXY = 32 − 20  i = 32 − 20  = 32 − 16 = 16 V
30
2W
X

8W
20 W

8V

Y
20  10
RTh = R XY = 20 //(8 + 2) = = 6.67 W
20 + 10
RTh = 6.67 W
X

R
VTh = 16 V

Y
 11. For the circuit shown in Figure determine equivalent source current and source resistance across A-B.

3Ω 2A
A

6V 3Ω 3Ω

Solution:
2A
A 2A
A

2A 3Ω 3Ω 3Ω 2A 1.5Ω 3Ω

B
B

6V
1.5 Ω 3Ω A

IN
3V

3+6 9
IN = = = 2A
1.5 + 3 4.5
1.5 Ω 3Ω A

RN = RAB = 3 + 1.5 = 4.5 W

 12. For the circuit shown below, find the potential difference between a and d:
5V
2Ω
a
DC

DC 2Ω + 5Ω
5Ω
3V
-
2V

Solution:
5V
2Ω
a c

+ + DC

DC 2Ω + 5Ω
5Ω
3V
-
- 2V
-
i1 i2
d
b

3
i1 = = 0.75 A
2+2
5
i2 = = 0.5 A
5+5
Vad = Vab + Vbc + Vcd = i1  2 − 2 + i2  5 = 0.75  2 − 2 + 0.5  5 = 1.5 − 2 + 2.5 = 2 A

13. Find the value of R

Solution:
14. Find branch currents in various branches

Solution:

15. Find the value of current flowing through the 2 ohm resistance

Solution:
16. Find the value of current flowing through the 100 ohm resistor
17. Find the value of current flowing through the 4 ohm resistor

18. Find the voltage VAB using superposition theorem

19. Find the value of current flowing through the 2 ohm resistor using Thevenin’s theorem.
20. Find the value of current flowing through the 8 ohm resistor using Thevenin’s theorem.
21. Determine the value of current flowing through the 24 ohm resistor using Thevenin’s theorem.
22. Find the value of current flowing through the 20 ohm resistor using Thevenin’s theorem.
23. Find the value of current flowing through the 10 ohm resistor using Norton’s theorem.
24. Find the value of current flowing through the 8 ohm resistor using Norton’s theorem.
25. Find the value of the resistance RL for maximum power transfer and calculate the maximum power.