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Lecture C - ResearchFormulation-2

The document discusses research hypotheses, distinguishing between experimental and non-experimental hypotheses, and outlines the structure of experimental research including control and experimental groups. It also covers various research designs, particularly in exploratory, descriptive, and hypothesis testing studies, emphasizing principles such as replication, randomization, and local control. Additionally, it differentiates between informal and formal experimental designs and their respective types.

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6 views12 pages

Lecture C - ResearchFormulation-2

The document discusses research hypotheses, distinguishing between experimental and non-experimental hypotheses, and outlines the structure of experimental research including control and experimental groups. It also covers various research designs, particularly in exploratory, descriptive, and hypothesis testing studies, emphasizing principles such as replication, randomization, and local control. Additionally, it differentiates between informal and formal experimental designs and their respective types.

Uploaded by

DSEC-MCA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Research Formulation - Part 2

Dr T S Pradeep Kumar
Professor, School of Computer Science and Engineering,
VIT Chennai
https://www.youtube.com/tspradeepkumar
Research Hypothesis

• Research Hypothesis:

• Predictive statement

• Relates the independent variable to a dependent variable

• Relationship that are assumed but not to be tested, are not termed
research hypothesis
Experimental hypothesis
• Experimental and non-experimental hypothesis-testing research:

• Experimental: a research where the independent variable is


manipulated

• Non Experimental - No manipulation of the independent Variable

• Example 50 students were taken into two groups of 25 each and each
25 were given di erent trainings and their intellectual capacity is learnt
after a period of time and based on the outcomes, their brain capacity
is learnt. This is experimental. instead if correlation between the
intellectual capacity is taken, then its non experimental.
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Experimental hypothesis
• Experimental and control group

• Control group: exposed to usual condition

• Experimental group: exposed some novel or special condition

• Treatment

• The di erent conditions under which experimental and control groups


are put
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Different Research Designs
Research Designs
• Research design in case of exploratory research studies
• Experience survey, Analysis of insight stimulating, Literature survey
• Research design in case of descriptive and diagnostic research studies
• Formulating the objective of the study (what the study is about and why is it being made?)
• Designing the methods of data collection
• Selecting the sample (how much material will be needed?)
• Collecting the data
• Processing and analysing the data.
• Reporting the ndings.
• Research design in case of hypothesis testing
• Experimental Studies or experimental designs
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Research Designs
Experimental Design

• The principle of replication

• The principle of randomization

• The principle of local control


Replication

• Repeated more than once

• To increase statistical accuracy


Randomization

• Provides protection against the e ect of extraneous factors


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Local Control

• Extraneous factor is made to vary deliberately over as wide a range as


necessary

• The variability it causes can be measured and hence eliminated from the
experimental error

• Total variability…attributed(treatment + extraneous + experimental error)


Experimental Design
• Informal experimental design
• Use less sophisticated form of analysis based on di erences in magnitudes.
• Types:
• Before-and-after without control design.
• After-only with control design.
• Before-and-after with control design.
• Formal Experimental design
• More control
• Uses precise statistical procedures for analysis
• Types:
• Completely randomized design (C.R. Design).
• Randomized block design (R.B. Design).
• Latin square design (L.S. Design).
• Factorial designs.
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