Software, Programming Language,

Networking

GRUP III :
FADILLA NUGRAHA PUTRA
FEBRIAN FELIANO
RIZQI PRI HANDOYO
VEBIYA INDAH SAPUTRI
WIDYA NUR ATIKA SARI
1. Operating system
The operating system or also known as Operating System (OS) is one software or
software that is responsible for managing or controlling the work of hardware or
hardware and running applications or software within a computer system.

A.How the operating system works

the operating system is actually a link between hardware or hardware with
software or software. When the computer was first turned on, then we know that
the running is the operating system and then after the computer turns on, then the
program and the application can run.In essence, the operating system or OS is the
first layered system where the hard disk memory is placed. Currently there are
many known operating systems including Linux, Windows, Mac OS and so forth

B.Operating System Functions

As a software in the computer, the operating system has several important
functions and without the operating system then the computer can not run the
program and its function. Some of the main functions of the operating system are
as follows:
1. Run basic operations
The main function of the operating system is to run basic operations on the
computer. This system is considered as a vital component that underlies
the work of software or other software.

2. Manage the work of hardware and software

It can be said that the operating system is Resource Manager in the
computer device is the operating system functions to control hardware
functions such as memory, CPU, hard drive, and other hardware and also
set the function of software programs to connect with the hardware.

3. Container program or application

The existing applications on the computer is stored in the storage device
but actually the application or the program is in the container which is the
operating system itself. The application is attached to the operating system
and can not work without the operating system.

4. Presents the view

The view that we see on the computer screen or gadget is the result of
operating the OS or operating system. In other words, the operating
system makes it easy for the app to run at the same time displaying it on a
computer screen monitor or translating the programming language coming
 from the CPU and then displaying it in the form of text, graphics and other
easy-to-understand views.

5. Coordinate the work of computer equipment

the operating system also functions to coordinate everything in the
computer, especially compiling a complex program becomes more simple
and sequential. The operating system makes it easy for an application to
work more efficiently.

6. Optimize the function of computer peripherals

Another function of the operating system or OS is to optimize the use of
hardware and software. For example, in terms of setting the CPU
functioning time, calling data stored in the hard disk memory, or set the
time used for connection in the terminal.

7. Supervise and protect the course of a program function

The operating system allows the user who has the right to access the
computer running a program and control who can access the program or
known as the Gate Keeper function. Not only controlling the user in
accessing the system or program, the operating system also oversees
everything that users do in accessing the program system in the computer.
All files stored on the computer are also protected by the operating system and
can only be accessed by people who are eligible to access them or have control or
a computer device.

2. Application Software
commonly used application software is a computer system or program that has a digital
facility that helps its users in doing tasks such as words, pictures, numbers, and so on.
Here are some types of software contained in the market for computer applications.
 Entertainment software. Some examples of this software, the winamp to listen to
music, games, and so forth for the hiuran.
 Educational software. Useful for studying or referring to education or knowledge.
 Business software. This software is useful for business applications, for example to
handle accounts receivable debts, recording of goods, and so forth.
 Special software.
 Employment productivity software.
software applications on work productivity software are as follows:
 Word processing
Word processing is also called word processing to create documents. Useful for
formatting text so that text is neater, for example right-left and so on.
 Gramer checker is used to identify grammatical errors. Thesaurus is to find a word
equivalent.
 Spreadsheet
Spreadsheets are typical sets of cells. Each cell consists of a row name represented by a
number and the name of a column is represented by a letter. Some examples of
spreadsheet names, excel from Microsoft
 Desktop publishing
Usually used to print invitations. Examples of names of desktop publishing programs,
namely corel draw, and others.
 Presentation of the graph
This software is usually used to create graphic presentation materials so that the
presentation material is easy and fast. Examples of this software name is Power Point,
and others.
 Communication
This software serves to communicate between people via e-mail (electronic-mail), Some
examples of the name of this email software is Perfect Office, Kmail, Outlook Express,
Netscape messenger, and others.
 Personal Information Manager (PIM)
PIM is useful for managing personal information, such as assignments, schedules,
partners or clients as well as finances. Some examples of this software are commence,
computer organizer, lotus organizer, Microsoft outlook.
 Data Management
Data management software is also called DBMS (Database Managenent System). DBMS
is useful for recording, manipulating, and retrieving data to be faster and precise.
Some examples of DBMS names, namely access from Microsoft corporation, paradox, visual
Dbase, visual express, and visual foxpro. DBMS has a very sophisticated features, such as able
to provide security facilities for unauthorized access.
Software or computer software based on its distribution can be divided into several kinds,
namely software paid, free or free software (Freeware, free software, shareware, adware).
 Software paid
Paid software is software that is distributed for commercial purposes, any user
who wishes to use or obtain such software by purchasing or paying on the party who
distribute it. examples of paid software for example is microsoft windows system,
microsoft office, adobe photo shop, and others.

 Freeware
Freeware or free software is free copyrighted computer software that is free to use
without time constraints Freeware is also defined as any freely distributed program, A
prime example is the browser suite and mail client and Mozilla News,Free Software Free
Software is more free to use but not necessarily free. In fact, its name is because it is free
to try open source software (Open Source) Conflict appears in the meaning of the word
free in English, which means both are free and free. Therefore, and as mentioned earlier,
Free Software does not need to be free, just as Freeware does not have to be free.
 Shareware
Shareware is also free but more restricted to a certain time. using a set time limit
(for example 30 days). Thus, it gives the user a chance to test the product before buying
and then purchase the full version of the program. A very clear example of this type is
antivirus software, these companies usually facilitate the release of evaluation products
that are only valid for a certain number of days. After passing the maximum, the program
will stop working and you need to buy the product if you want to keep using it.
.
3. Programming Lxanguage
A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate
instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be
used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express
algorithms precisely.

We can find to many programming language :

A. Pascal
 History

Pascal was first made by Prof. Niklaus Wirth, a member of the International
Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) in 1971. pascal comes from the name of
mathematician Blaise Pascal. Pascal is used to introduce structured programming.

• Pascal Language Application

- Pascal is used as the foundation of making Delphi software code (windows based).
- Pascal is used as the cornerstone of making Kylix software code (based on Linux).

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Pascal Language:

- Standard data types, standard data types that have been available programming
languages. Pascal has a standard Boolean data type, integer, char, real, string.
- Pascal's syntax is too long-winded.
- Does not support object-oriented programming.

B. C++

• History
The C ++ language was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 at Bell Lab.
C ++ is an object-oriented programming language using the C language
rule.

• C ++ language application
- As a programming language in Windows, UNIX, Linux.
- Visual C ++ can be created any application such as a database.
- To create a new language or create a new language compiler

• Advantages and disadvantages of C++ language.

- Is the parent of the perl programming language, php, phyton, visual

basic, gambas, java, C #.
- This language is quite difficult to learn and teach.
 C. Visual Basic

• History

BASIC is a beginner all-purpose symbolic instruction code developed in

1965 at Darmouth College by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. Originally
intended for teaching basic computer programming.

• Basic language applications

- The foundation of Visual Basic programming and visual basic for application.
- Programming languages on many Microsoft products such as for
administration and automation batch scripts, windowskrip house.
- For the making of Basic kid, FreeBasic, and Gambas.

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Basic Language

- Basic language is a versatile language and can be used in any application.

- Language is less structured.
- Not suitable for creating large applications.

D. Visual Foxpro

• History

Initially known as FoxBASE which was launched by Fox Software in

early 1984. Fox Technologies then joined Microsoft in 1992 so that in front of the
name FoxBASE added the prefix "Visual". The latest version of FoxPro (2.6) can
run on Mac OS, DOS, Windows, and Unix operating systems: Visual FoxPro 3.0,
the first "Visual" version, was finally knocked out because it only supports Mac
and Windows, and the next version only supports Windows only. The latest
version of Visual FoxPro is extension COM and Microsoft has stated that they do
not intend to create a Microsoft .NET version.

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Visual Foxpro

- Visual FoxPro is Data Centric Language ... it means VFP is a programming
language that has been optimized its use for database processing. VFP also
supports native transaction processing, Data Dictionary Support, and SQL ANSI
92 Standard Syntax.
- No pointer data type available
E. JAVA

• History
Java was released in 1990 as a programming language called Oak, then Sun
MycroSystem established a working group of highly qualified programmers to create
products and expand Sun's marketplace. Oak was first designed for personal digital
assistance called * 7 which will be marketed Sun with Graphical User Interface facility.

• Java Language Application

- Network programming
- Creation of windows based applications
- Program to create web

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Java Language:

- Safe, java designed with the concept of internet security.
- Java takes up a lot of computer memory.
VIRUS
A computer virus is a computer program that can duplicate or copy itself [1] and spread by
inserting copies of itself into other programs or documents. Computer viruses can be analogous
to a spreading biological virus by inserting itself into living cells. Computer viruses can damage
(for example by corrupting data on documents), making computer users feel annoyed, or have no
effect at all.

Type
Computer virus is a general term to describe any type of attack on a computer. Categorized from
how it works, computer viruses can be grouped into the following categories:
• Worm - Duplicate itself on the hard drive. This makes the computer resources (Harddisk) to be
full of the worm.
• Trojan - Retrieves data on the infected computer and sends it to the trojan manufacturer itself.
• Backdoor - Almost the same as trojan. However, Backdoor usually resembles files that are fine.
For example games.
• Spyware - A virus that monitors an infected computer.
• Rogue - is a program that mimics an antivirus program and displays activity like a normal
antivirus, and provides fake warnings about viruses. The goal is for users to purchase and
activate the fake antivirus program and bring money to the creator of the rogue virus. Also rogue
can open a security hole in the computer to bring in other viruses.
• Rootkits - Viruses that work like normal computer system.
• Polymorphic virus - A fickle virus that can not be detected.
• Metamorphic virus - A virus that modifies its own coding to make it more difficult to detect.
• Mobile viruses - Viruses that run on mobile phones, and can cause a variety of effects, ranging
from damaging cell phones, stealing data in a cell phone, to making calls silently and consuming
cell phone users.
How to overcome
Virus attacks can be prevented or overcome by using antivirus. This type of software can also
detect and remove computer viruses. This computer virus can be deleted with database
(database / Signature-based detection), heuristics, or the rank of the program itself (Quantum).

Computer Network
A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which
allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, computing devices exchange data with
each other using connections between nodes (data links.) These data links are established over
cable media such as wires or optic cables, or wireless media such as WiFi.

There are several types of networks according to their terminology: LAN (local area network)
MAN (metropolitan area network), WAN (wide area network), Intranet, and internet.
1. Local Area Network or LAN, is a Computer Network Type covering the local area. By
using a variety of network devices are quite simple and popular, such as using UTP cable
(Unshielded Twisted-Pair), Hub, Switch, Router, and so forth.Examples of LAN
 networks such as computers connected at school, at the company, , or between
neighboring houses that still cover the LAN area.

Advantages of using LAN Types Computers like more economical in operating expenses,
more efficient in cable usage, data transfers between nodes and faster computers because
they cover a narrow or local area, and do not require telecom operators to create a LAN
network.

The disadvantage of using LAN Types of Networks is that the coverage of the network
area is narrower so as to communicate outside the network becomes more difficult and
the coverage area of data transfer is not as extensive.

LAN has the following characteristics:

a) Having a higher data rate.
b) Includes a narrower geographic area.
c) Does not require telecommunication lines hired from telecommunication operators.
Usually one of the computers between the computer network will be used as a server that
governs all the systems within the network.

2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Metropolitan Area Network or MAN, is a wider and more sophisticated Computer
Network Type of LAN Computer Network Type. Called Metropolitan Area Network
because this type of Computer Network MAN is commonly used to connect computer
networks from one city to another. To be able to make a network MAN, usually required
by telecommunication operator to connect between computer network. Examples such as
MoNE networks between cities or regions and also the network of modern malls that are
interconnected between cities.

Benefits of this type of Computer Network MAN is the wider network coverage area so
as to communicate more efficiently, easier in terms of doing business, and also the
security in the network for the better.

The disadvantages of the MAN Computer Network Types such as more use of
operational costs, can be the target of operations by Crackers to take personal advantage,
and to repair the MAN network takes considerable time.

3. WAN (Wide Area Network)

Wide Area Network or WAN, is a wider and more sophisticated Computer Network Type
than the LAN and MAN Computer Network Types. WAN network technology is used to
connect a network with other countries or from one continent to another continent. WAN
networks can consist of different types of LAN and WAN Computer Networks because
of the wide coverage area of the WAN Computer Network Type. WAN networks, usually
using fiber optic cables and embed them in the ground as well as pass through the
underwater track.
 Advantages of WAN Computer Network Types such as network coverage area is wider
than LAN and MAN Computer Network Types, information exchange becomes more
confidential and directed because to communicate from one country to another requires
more security, and also easier to develop and ease in terms of business.
The disadvantages of the WAN Network Type such as the required operational costs
become more, very vulnerable to the danger of theft of important data, the maintenance
of the WAN network becomes more severe.
4. Intranet
Intranet is a computer network based on TCP / IP protocol such as internet only used in
internal company, office, and even internet cafes (WARNET) can also be categorized
Intranet. Intranet interconnects can communicate with each other over an Internet
connection that provides the backbone of remote communication. But actually an Intranet
does not need an outside connection to the Internet to function properly. Intranet uses all
TCP / IP protocols TCP / IP protocol, IP address, and other protocols), clients and
servers. The HTTP protocol and some other Internet protocols (FTP, POP3, or SMTP)
are generally the most commonly used protocol components. an intranet can be
understood as a "private version of the Internet", or as a version of the Internet owned by
an organization.
5. Internet
The Internet can be defined as a large worldwide computer network that connects
computer users from one country to another throughout the world, in which there are
various information resources ranging from static to dynamic and interactive.