CETE 306 - CAPSTONE
Dr. Florante D. Poso, Jr.
Associate Professor
is defined as a “careful, critical,
disciplined inquiry, varying in
technique and method according to
the nature and conditions of the
problem identified, directed toward
the clarification or resolution of a
problem.
is an evaluation and analysis of the potential of a
proposed project which is based on extensive
investigation and research to support the process of
decision making.
(or case report) is a descriptive, exploratory or
explanatory analysis of a person, group or event.
A capstone project in college is a final
independent project undertaken in a
program of study designed to assess the
skills, knowledge, and expertise acquired by
the student.
Such a project might involve something as
simple as research on a topic, an
evaluation of a new technique or
method, or material development.
1. To discover new facts about known phenomena.
2. To find answers to problems which are only partially
solved by existing methods and information.
3. Improve existing techniques and develop new
instruments or products.
4. To discover previously unrecognized substances or
elements.
5. Discover pathways of action of known substances
and elements.
6. To order related, valid generalizations into
systematized science.
7. To provide basis for decision-making in business,
industry, education, government, and in other
undertakings.
8. To satisfy the researcher’s curiosity.
9. To find answers to queries by means of scientific
methods.
10.To acquire a better and deeper understanding
about one phenomenon that can be known and
understood better.
11.To expand or verify existing knowledge.
12.To improve educational practices for raising the
quality of school products.
13.To improve health and prolong life.
14.To provide man with more of his basic needs.
15.To make work, travel and communication faster.
Research gathers new knowledge or data from
primary or first-hand sources.
Research is expert, systematic and accurate
investigation.
Research is logical and objective
Research endeavors to organize data in quantitative
terms
Research is carefully recorded and reported.
Research is systematic. Research is original work.
Research is controlled. Research is done by an
Research is empirical. expert.
Research is analytical. Research is accurate
Research is objective, investigation, observation
unbiased and logical. and description.
Research employs Research is patient and
hypothesis. unhurried activity.
Research employs Research requires an
quantitative or statistical effort-making capacity.
methods. Research requires
courage.
According to purpose
• Predictive or prognostic research that has the purpose of
determining the future operation of the variables under
investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting such for
the better.
• Directive Research determines what should be done based on
the findings.
• Illuminative research is concerned with the interaction of the
components of the variable being investigated.
According to goal
• Basic or pure research is done for the
development of theories or principles.
• Applied research is the application of the results
of pure research.
According to the levels of investigation
•In exploratory research, the researcher
studies the variables pertinent to a specific
situation.
•In descriptive research, the experimenter
studies the relationship of the variables.
•In experimental research, the experimenter
studies the effects of the variables on each
other.
According to type of analysis
•Analytic approach – the researcher
attempts to identify and isolate the
components of the research situation.
•Holistic approach – begins with the total
situation, focusing attention on the
system first and then on its internal
relationships.
According to choice of answers to problems
•Evaluation research – all possible courses
of action are specified and identified, and
the research tries to find the most
advantageous.
•Developmental research – the focus is on
finding or developing a more suitable
instrument or process than has been
available.
According to statistical content
•Quantitative or statistical research – is
one in which inferential statistics are utilized
to determine the results of the study.
•Qualitative research – in which the use of
quantity or statistics is practically nil.
According to time element
• Historical research describes what was
• Descriptive research describes what is
• Experimental research describes what will be
Tradition Ego-involvement in
Authority understanding
Inaccurate observation
Overgeneralization Mystification
Selective observation To err is human
Made-up information Dogmatism
Illogical reasoning (fanaticism)
Determining the problem
Forming a hypothesis
Doing the library search
Designing the study
Developing the instruments for collecting data
Collecting the data
Analyzing the data
Determining implications and conclusions from the
findings
Making recommendations for further research.
Rigid control – refers to the manipulation of the research
variables.
Objectivity – means that there should be no bias or
partiality in treating the results of the inquiry.
Systematic organization – refers to proper and accurate
tabulation of data as well as presenting them in
statistical tables ready for interpretation.
Rigorous standards – refers to setting up of standards or
principles which serve as bases for evaluating the
findings of a study.
