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AAI ATC Science Topics Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on various scientific topics including human hormones, vitamins, animal classification, light theories, elements, pH levels, plant plastids, notable scientists, industrial compressors, and static general knowledge. Each section outlines key concepts, functions, and clinical relevance, along with mnemonics and tips for better understanding. It serves as a study guide for AAI JE (ATC) Science Section.

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30 views2 pages

AAI ATC Science Topics Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on various scientific topics including human hormones, vitamins, animal classification, light theories, elements, pH levels, plant plastids, notable scientists, industrial compressors, and static general knowledge. Each section outlines key concepts, functions, and clinical relevance, along with mnemonics and tips for better understanding. It serves as a study guide for AAI JE (ATC) Science Section.

Uploaded by

Hardik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AAI JE (ATC) Science Section - Full Topic-wise Notes

1. Human Hormones and Their Functions

- Insulin: Secreted by pancreas, lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb glucose.
- Adrenaline: Produced by adrenal glands; initiates 'fight or flight' response.
- Testosterone: Main male sex hormone, regulates male reproductive tissues.
- Prolactin: Stimulates milk production in mammals.
- Thyroxine (Iodine-dependent): Regulates metabolism and requires iodine for synthesis.
Clinical Relevance: Diabetes (Insulin), Hyperthyroidism (Thyroxine).

2. Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases

- Vitamin A: Vision; deficiency causes night blindness.


- Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Nerve function; deficiency causes Beriberi.
- Vitamin C: Immunity, collagen; deficiency causes Scurvy.
- Vitamin D: Bone health; deficiency causes Rickets.
- Vitamin K: Blood clotting.
- Vitamin B12: DNA synthesis; deficiency causes anemia.
Tip: Learn sources (e.g., citrus for C, sunlight for D).

3. Classification of Animals (Phylum Level)

- Platyhelminthes: Flatworms; liver fluke.


- Arthropoda: Largest phylum; insects, crustaceans.
- Cnidaria: Aquatic, have stinging cells; e.g., Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war).
- Annelida: Segmented worms like earthworms.
- Mollusca: Soft-bodied animals, often with shells (snails).
Mnemonic: "Porifera Can Play All Musical Arts" (Porifera to Arthropoda).

4. Light and Wave Theories

- Huygens' Wave Theory (1678): Light behaves as a wave; explained diffraction, interference.
- Thomas Young's Double Slit Experiment: First proof of light wave interference.
- Reflection, Refraction: Light bending laws.
- Interference: Two coherent light sources creating light and dark bands.
Applications: Fiber optics, lenses, diffraction gratings.

5. Elements and Metals/Non-metals

- Mercury: Only naturally liquid metal.


- Iodine: Non-metal essential for thyroid hormone.
- Copper Sulphate + Caustic Soda: Biuret test for protein.
- Sodium, Iron, Tin: Common metals in biology and industry.
Quick Facts: Metals are conductors, malleable; non-metals are brittle and insulators.

6. pH and Acidity

- Human Body pH: 7.35 - 7.45 (slightly basic).


AAI JE (ATC) Science Section - Full Topic-wise Notes

- pH Scale: 0-14; <7 acidic, >7 basic, 7 neutral.


- Blood is slightly basic; stomach is acidic (pH ~1.5).
- Importance: Enzyme function, disease conditions (acidosis, alkalosis).
Common pH Indicators: Litmus paper, phenolphthalein.

7. Plant Plastids

- Leucoplasts: Colorless plastids in roots/seeds; include:


- Amyloplasts: Store starch.
- Elaioplasts: Store oils.
- Aleuroplasts: Store proteins.
- Chloroplasts: Green plastids, photosynthesis.
Use: Food storage and synthesis in plants.

8. Scientists and Discoveries

- Antoine Lavoisier: Discovered oxygen's role in respiration; Father of Modern Chemistry.


- Thomas Young: Interference of light (double slit).
- Huygens: Wave theory of light.
Know year & contribution (1678 - Huygens, early 1800s - Young).

9. Compressors in Industry

- Centrifugal Compressor: Common in chemical and gas industries; continuous flow, high efficiency.
- Others: Roots blower, reciprocating, diaphragm types (used based on pressure/volume needs).

10. Static GK-based Science

- Kerala: Highest literacy rate (2011 Census).


- General awareness linked with science: States, population, environment facts.
Advice: Revise basic state-wise static data, esp. superlatives like highest, lowest.

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