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Oe Unit 3

The document outlines the definitions and requirements for various normal forms in database design, including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, and 5NF. Each normal form is explained with its specific type of dependency and examples illustrating tables that meet or fail to meet the criteria. A quick summary table is also provided for easy reference of definitions and dependency types.

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6 views5 pages

Oe Unit 3

The document outlines the definitions and requirements for various normal forms in database design, including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, and 5NF. Each normal form is explained with its specific type of dependency and examples illustrating tables that meet or fail to meet the criteria. A quick summary table is also provided for easy reference of definitions and dependency types.

Uploaded by

S.Rajarethinam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 3

NORMAL FORMS

1NF (First Normal Form)

• Definition:
A table is in 1NF if it contains only atomic (indivisible) values — no multiple values
in a single cell, and each record is unique.

• Type of Dependency:

o Atomicity

o No multivalued attributes

• Example:
Not in 1NF:

StudentID Name Courses

1 John Math, Science

• In 1NF:

StudentID Name Course

1 John Math

1 John Science

2NF (Second Normal Form)

• Definition:
A table is in 2NF if:

o It is already in 1NF, and


o All non-prime attributes are fully functionally dependent on the whole
primary key (no partial dependency).

• Type of Dependency:

o Full Functional Dependency

• Example:
Not in 2NF:
(Primary Key: StudentID, CourseID)
| StudentID | CourseID | StudentName |

Here, StudentName depends only on StudentID (partial dependency).

In 2NF:

o Student Table:
| StudentID | StudentName |

o Course Table:
| CourseID | CourseName |

o Enrollment Table:
| StudentID | CourseID |

3NF (Third Normal Form)

• Definition:
A table is in 3NF if:

o It is in 2NF, and

o No transitive dependency exists (non-prime attributes should not depend on


other non-prime attributes).

• Type of Dependency:

o No Transitive Dependency
• Example:
Not in 3NF:
| StudentID | StudentName | Department | HODName |

(Department → HODName: transitive dependency)

In 3NF:

o Student Table:
| StudentID | StudentName | Department |

o Department Table:
| Department | HODName |

BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)

• Definition:
A stricter version of 3NF.
A table is in BCNF if every determinant is a candidate key.

• Type of Dependency:

o No Partial

o No Transitive

o Plus: No dependency violation (determinant must be a key)

• Example:
Not in BCNF:
| Professor | Subject | Department |
(Professor teaches one Subject, but Subject is assigned to only one Department.)

Dependencies:

o Professor → Subject

o Subject → Department

Here, Subject is not a key but determines Department.

In BCNF:
o Professor Table:
| Professor | Subject |

o Subject Table:
| Subject | Department |

4NF (Fourth Normal Form)

• Definition:
A table is in 4NF if:

o It is in BCNF, and

o No multi-valued dependencies exist (one attribute shouldn’t independently


have multiple values with another).

• Type of Dependency:

o Multivalued Dependency

• Example:
Not in 4NF:
| StudentID | Course | Hobby |
(A student can enroll in many courses and have many hobbies independently.)

In 4NF:

o Student-Course Table:
| StudentID | Course |

o Student-Hobby Table:
| StudentID | Hobby |

5NF (Fifth Normal Form / PJNF - Project Join Normal Form)

• Definition:
A table is in 5NF if:

o It is in 4NF, and
o Every join dependency is a result of candidate keys (decomposition must be
lossless).

• Type of Dependency:

o Join Dependency

• Example:
Not in 5NF:
(In a table storing Teacher, Subject, and Class combinations)

o If decomposed, and then rejoined, there might be unwanted data combinations


unless in 5NF.

In 5NF:

o Separate tables for Teacher-Subject, Subject-Class, Teacher-Class.

Quick Summary Table

Normal Form Definition Brief Dependency Type

1NF Atomic values Atomicity

2NF No partial dependency Full functional dependency

3NF No transitive dependency No transitive dependency

BCNF Determinant is candidate key Key dependency

4NF No multivalued dependency Multivalued dependency

5NF No join dependency Join dependency

****THE END *****

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