PRACTICAL FILE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Submitted to
The Department of Mathematics
Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus
Ghantaghar, Kathmandu

For the partial fulfillment of final examination of

Computer Programming [MAT 301]
of
4 years B.Sc. - 3rd year

Submitted by
Sultan Siddiquie
PRACTICAL FILE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Submitted to:
The Department of Mathematics
Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus
Ghantaghar, Kathmandu

For the partial fulfillment of final examination of

Computer Programming [MAT 301]

Submitted by:
Sultan Siddiquie
TU Exam Symbol No.: 500371433
TU Registration No.: 5-2-37-981-2020
 Index of Programs
Name: Sultan Siddiquie Exam Symbol No.:
Campus Roll No.: 09/077

S. N. Objectives Page No.

Program 01: Write a C program to determine whether a given year is a 01-02
leap year.
Program 02: Write a C program to find surface area, volume of a right 03-05
cone, cylinder, and sphere.
Program 03: Write a C program to convert temperature in Centigrade to 06-07
Fahrenheit and vice-versa.
Program 04: Write a C program to find reverse of a number. 08-09

Program 05: Write a C program to identify whether a given number is 10-12

perfect, and also display perfect numbers between two given
numbers.
Program 06: Write a C program to identify whether a given number is 13-15
prime, and also display prime numbers between two given
numbers.
Program 07: Write a C program to identify whether a given number is 16-18
Armstrong, and also display Armstrong numbers between
two given numbers.
Program 08: Write a C program to identify whether a given number is 19-21
strong, and also display strong numbers between two given
numbers.
Program 09: Write a C program to find HCF and LCM of two given 22-23
numbers.
Program 10: Write a C program to convert decimal number into fraction. 24-25

Program 11: Write a C program to convert lower case letters in a sentence 26-27
into upper case using ASCII values.
Program 12: Write a C program to convert binary into hexadecimal. 28-29

Program 13: Write a C program to convert hexadecimal into binary. 30-31

Program 14: Write a C program to hexadecimal into denary number 32-33

system.
Program 15: Write a C program to find the sum of two given matrices. 34-35

Program 16: Write a C program to find the transpose of a given matrix. 36-37

Program 17: Write a C program to find the product of two given matrices. 38-40

Program 18: Write a C program to display Floyd triangle pattern. 41-42

S.N. Objectives Page No.

Program 19: Write a C program to display Pascal triangle pattern. 43-44

Program 20: Write a C program to prepare a result taking marks in 4 45-47

papers, and give grade secured by a particular student.
Program 21: Write a C program to find permutation and combination of 48-49
given things taken some at a time.
Program 22: Write a C program to generate Fibonacci sequence of given 50-51
terms, and also find the sum (using recursive function).
Program 23: Write a C program to find HCF of given numbers (more than 52-53
two).
Program 24: Write a C program that uses calloc function to find sum of two 54-55
given numbers.
Program 25: Write a C program that uses malloc function to allocate 56-58
memory, also readjust the allocation using realloc function.
Program 26: Write a C program that creates a data file containing 59-60
structure of n records.
Program 27: Write a C program that creates a data file containing records 61-64
of product with field name, product code, product name,
quantity, and price. Also, append the file with more records of
products.
Program 28: Write a C program to solve by using 65-66
bisection method. (Take error of tolerance from user.)
Program 29: Write a C program to solve by using Newton- 67-68
Raphson method. (Take error of tolerance from user.)
Program 30: Write a C program to evaluate ∫ √ by using 69-70
trapezoidal rule. (Take number of sub-intervals from user.)
Program 31: Write a C program to evaluate ∫ √ by using 71-72
Simpson’s 1/3 rule. (Take number of sub-intervals from
user.)
Program 32: Write a C program to solve 73-75
by Gauss elimination method.
Program 33: Write a C program to solve 76-78
by Gauss-Seidel method.
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 01:
Write a C program to determine whether a given year is a leap year.

Program:

//01. Leap Year

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int y;
printf(" Enter the year in AD:\t");
scanf("%d",&y);
if(y>=0)
if(y%400==0)
{
printf("\n %d is a leap year.",y);
}
else if(y%4==0&&y%100!=0)
{
printf("\n %d is a leap year.",y);
}
else
{
printf("\n %d is not a leap year.",y);
}
else
printf("\n Please enter valid date. ");
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",tm.tm_year+1900,
tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

1
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 01:
Write a C program to determine whether a given year is a leap year.

Output:

2
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 02:
Write a C program to find surface area, volume of a right cone, cylinder, and sphere.

Program:

//02. surface area, volume

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#define Pi 3.14159
int main()
{
float r, l, h;
float A1, A2, A3, V1, V2, V3;
int choice;
/* A1=Area of Right Cone, A2=Area of Cylinder, A3=Area of Sphere,
V1=Volume of Right Cone, V2=Volume of Cylinder, V3=Volume of Sphere;
r=radius, l=slant length, h=vertical height */
printf(" Type 1 for Right Cone\n Type 2 for Cylinder\n Type 3 for Sphere\n ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
if(choice==1)
{
printf(" Enter the radius (r):\t");
scanf("%f",&r);
printf(" Enter the slant length (l):\t");
scanf("%f",&l);
printf(" Enter the vertical height (h):\t");
scanf("%f",&h);
A1=Pi*r*(r+l);
V1=(Pi*r*r*h)/3;
if(r>=0&&l>=0&&h>=0)
{
printf("\n The total surface area of the right cone is %.2f square units.",A1);
printf("\n The volume of the right cone is %.2f cubic units.",V1);
}
else
{
printf(" Please enter valid values.");
}
}
else if(choice==2)
{
printf(" Enter the radius (r):\t");
scanf("%f",&r);
printf(" Enter the vertical height (h):\t");
scanf("%f",&h);
A2=2*Pi*r*(r+h);
V2=Pi*r*r*h;
if(r>=0&&h>=0)
{
printf("\n The total surface area of the cylinder is %.2f square units.",A2);
printf("\n The volume of the cylinder is %.2f cubic units.",V2);

3
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}
else
{
printf(" Please enter valid values.");
}
}
else if(choice==3)
{
printf(" Enter the radius (r):\t");
scanf("%f",&r);
A3=4*Pi*r*r;
V3=(4*Pi*r*r*r)/3;
if(r>=0)
{
printf("\n The total surface area of the sphere is %.2f square units.",A3);
printf("\n The volume of the sphere is %.2f cubic units.",V3);
}
else
{
printf(" Please enter valid value.");
}
}
else
{
printf(" INVALID SELECTION");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

4
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 02:
Write a C program to find surface area, volume of a right cone, cylinder, and sphere.

Output:

5
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 03:
Write a C program to convert temperature in Centigrade to Fahrenheit and vice versa.

Program:

//03. Temperature Conversion

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int selection;
float C, F;
printf(" Type 1 to convert from centigrade to fahrenheit.\n");
printf(" Type 2 to convert from fahrenheit to centigrade.\n");
scanf("%d",&selection);
if(selection==1)
{
printf(" Enter the centigrade value:\t");
scanf("%f",&C);
F=(1.8*C)+32;
printf(" The fahrenheit value of %.2f C is %.2f F.",C,F);
}
else if(selection==2)
{
printf(" Enter the fahrenheit value:\t");
scanf("%f",&F);
C=(F-32)/1.8;
printf(" The centigrade value of %.2f F is %.2f C.",F,C);
}
else
{
printf("\n INVALID SELECTION");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

6
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 03:
Write a C program to convert temperature in Centigrade to Fahrenheit and vice versa.

Output:

7
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 04:
Write a C program to find reverse of a number.

Program:

//04.Reverse of a number
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int n, r, N;
//r is remainder, rev is reverse which is initialized with 0.
printf(" Enter the number:\t");
scanf("%d", &n);
int rev=0;
N=n;
while (n!=0)
{
r = n%10;
rev = rev*10 + r;
n = n/10;
}
printf(" The reverse of %d is %d ",N,rev);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

8
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 04:
Write a C program to find reverse of a number.

Output:

9
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 05:
Write a C program to identify whether a given number is perfect, and also display perfect numbers
between two given numbers.

Program:

//05. Perfect Numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, k, m, n, p, s;
int choice;
printf(" Type 1 to test perfect number.\n");
printf(" Type 2 to display perfect numbers in a given range.\n ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
if(choice==1)
{
printf(" Enter the number: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
s=0;
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
s=s+i;
}
if(n==s)
printf(" %d is perfect number.",n);
else
printf(" %d is not perfect number.",n);
}
else if(choice==2)
{
printf(" Enter the range:\t");
scanf("%d %d",&m,&p);
printf(" Perfect numbers between %d and %d are: ",m,p);
for(j=m;j<p;j++)
{
s=0;
for(k=1;k<j;k++)
{
if(j%k==0)
s=s+k;
}
if(j==s)
printf(" %d ",j);
}
}
else
{
printf(" INVALID SELECTION");

10
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}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

11
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 05:
Write a C program to identify whether a given number is perfect, and also display perfect numbers between
two given numbers.

Output:

12
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 06:
Write a C program to identify whether a given number is prime, and also display prime numbers
between two given numbers.

Program:

//06. Prime numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main ()
{
int choice;
printf(" Type 1 to test prime number.\n");
printf(" Type 2 to display prime numbers in a given range.\n ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
if(choice==1)
{
int n, i, k=0, r;
printf(" Enter the number:\t");
scanf("%d",&n);
if (n<2)
{
printf("\n Undefined");
}
else
{
for (i=2;i<=n/2;i++)
if (n%i==0)
k=k+1;
if(k==0)
printf("\n %d is Prime Number.",n);
else
printf("\n %d is not Prime Number.",n);
}
}
else if(choice==2)
{
int p, j, a, b, c;
printf("\n Enter the range:\t");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
printf("\n The prime numbers between %d and %d are:\t",a,b);
for(p=a+1;p<b;p++)
{
c=0;
if(p<=1)
continue;
for(j=2;j<=p/2;j++)
{
if(p%j==0)
{
c=1;

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break;
}
}
if(c==0)
{
printf(" %d " ,p);
}
}
}
else
{
printf(" INVALID SELECTION");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

14
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 06:
Write a C program to identify whether a given number is prime, and also display prime numbers between two
given numbers.

Output:

15
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 07:
Write a C program to identify whether a given number is Armstrong, and also display Armstrong
numbers between two given numbers.

Program:

//07. Armstrong numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int choice;
printf(" Type 1 to test Armstrong number.\n");
printf(" Type 2 to display Armstrong numbers in a given range.\n ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
if(choice==1)
{
int n, a, b, r, sum=0,d=0;
printf(" Enter the natural number:\t");
scanf("%d",&n);
a=n;
b=n;
while(n!=0)
{
n/=10;
d+=1; //(d= number of digits in given natural number)
}
while(a!=0)
{
r=a%10;
a/=10;
sum+=pow(r,d); //pow(r,d)=r^d
}
if (b==sum)
printf("\n %d is an Armstrong number.",b);
else
printf("\n %d is not an Armstrong number.",b);
}
else if(choice==2)
{
int i, p, q, n, x, y, sum=0, d=0, r;
printf("\n Enter the range to display Armstrong numbers:\t");
scanf("%d %d",&p,&q);
printf("\n The Armstrong numbers between %d and %d are:\t",p,q);
for(i=p+1;i<q;i++)
{
x=i;
y=i;
d=0;
while(x!=0)
{

16
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

x/=10;
d+=1; //(d= number of digits in given natural number)
}
sum=0;
while(y!=0)
{
r=y%10;
y=y/10;
sum=sum+pow(r,d);
}
if(i==sum)
printf(" %d" ,i);
}
}
else
{
printf("\n INVALID SELECTION");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

17
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 07:
Write a C program to identify whether a given number is Armstrong, and also display Armstrong numbers
between two given numbers.

Output:

18
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 08:
Write a C program to identify whether a given number is strong, and also display strong numbers
between two given numbers.

Program:

//08. Strong numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int choice;
printf(" Type 1 to test Strong Number.\n");
printf(" Type 2 to display Strong Numbers in the given range.\n ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
if(choice==1)
{
int n, N, r, s=0, f=1, i;
printf(" Enter the number:\t");
scanf("%d",&n);
N=n;
while(n!=0)
{
r=n%10;
n=n/10;
f=1;
for(i=1;i<=r;i++)
f=f*i;
s=s+f;
}
if(s==N)
printf("\n %d is Strong number.",N);
else
printf("\n %d is not Strong number.",N);
}
else if(choice==2)
{
int p, q, n, f=1, s=0, r, i, j;
printf("\n Enter the range:\t");
scanf("%d %d",&p,&q);
printf("\n The strong numbers between %d and %d are:\t",p,q);
for(j=p+1;j<q;j++)
{
s=0;
n=j;
while(n!=0)
{
r=n%10;
n=n/10;
f=1;
for(i=1;i<=r;i++)

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f=f*i;
s=s+f;
}
if(s==j)
printf(" %d ",j);
}
}
else
{
printf("\n Invalid Selection");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

20
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 08:
Write a C program to identify whether a given number is strong, and also display strong numbers between two
given numbers.

Output:

21
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 09:
Write a C program to find HCF and LCM of two given numbers.

Program:

//09. HCF LCM (2 numbers)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, i, hcf, lcm, A, B, r;
printf(" Enter first number:\t");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf(" Enter second number:\t");
scanf("%d",&b);
A=a;
B=b;
for(i=1;i<=a||i<=b;i++)
{
if(a%i==0&&b%i==0)
hcf = i;
}
while(a!=0)
{
r=b%a;
b=a;
a=r;
}
printf(" HCF = %d", hcf);
printf("\n LCM = %d",(A*B)/b);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

22
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 09:
Write a C program to find HCF and LCM of two given numbers.

Output:

23
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 10:
Write a C program to convert decimal number into fraction.

Program:

//10. Dec-Frac
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int c=1000000, b;
float a;
printf(" Enter a decimal number:\t");
scanf("%f",&a);
b=(a-(int)(a))*c+(int)(a)*c;
//int a=integer in given number: if a=2.34, then (int)(a)=2
while(1)
{
if(b%10==0)
{
b=b/10;
c=c/10;
}
else
break;
}
printf("\n The fraction is %d/%d.",b,c);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

24
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 10:
Write a C program to convert decimal number into fraction.

Output:

25
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 11:
Write a C program to convert lower-case letters in a sentence into upper-case using ASCII values.

Program:

//11. Lower-Upper Case

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
char l;
printf("The sentence in lower-case is:\t");
while(1)
{
l=getchar();
if (l=='\n')
break;
if (l>=97&&l<=122)
l=l-32;
putchar(l);
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

26
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 11:
Write a C program to convert lower-case letters in a sentence into upper-case using ASCII values.

Output:

27
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 12:
Write a C program to convert binary into hexadecimal.

Program:

//12. Bin-Hex
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,k;
long long rem,b;
char hex[20];
int binhex[16]={0,1,10,11,100,101,110,111,1000,1001,1010,1011,1100,1101,1110,1111};
printf("Enter the binary value:\t");
scanf("%lld",&b);
printf("The hexadecimal value of %lld is %c ",b,hex[k]);
for (i=0;b!=0;i++)
{
rem=b%10000;
for (j=0;j<16;j++)
{
if(binhex[j]==rem)
{
if (j<10)
{hex[i]=j+48;}
else
{hex[i]=j+55;}
break;
}
}
b=b/10000;
}
for (k=i-1; k>=0; k--)
{printf("%c",hex[k]);}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\nExecuted on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

28
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 12:
Write a C program to convert binary into hexadecimal.

Output:

29
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 13:
Write a C program to convert hexadecimal into binary.

Program:

//13. Hex-Bin
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
char hex[16], bin[64];
int i;
printf("Enter the hexadecimal value:\t");
scanf("%s",&hex);
for (i=0;hex[i]!='\0';i++)
{ switch(hex[i])
{
case '0': strcat(bin, "0000"); break;
case '1': strcat(bin, "0001"); break;
case '2': strcat(bin, "0010"); break;
case '3': strcat(bin, "0011"); break;
case '4': strcat(bin, "0100"); break;
case '5': strcat(bin, "0101"); break;
case '6': strcat(bin, "0110"); break;
case '7': strcat(bin, "0111"); break;
case '8': strcat(bin, "1000"); break;
case '9': strcat(bin, "1001"); break;
case 'a': case 'A': strcat(bin, "1010"); break;
case 'b': case 'B': strcat(bin, "1011"); break;
case 'c': case 'C': strcat(bin, "1100"); break;
case 'd': case 'D': strcat(bin, "1101"); break;
case 'e': case 'E': strcat(bin, "1110"); break;
case 'f': case 'F': strcat(bin, "1111"); break;
default: printf("Please enter valid Hexadecimal Value.");
}
}
printf("The hexadecimal value %s equals the binary value %s",hex, bin);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

30
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 13:
Write a C program to convert hexadecimal into binary.

Output:

31
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Program 14:
Write a C program to convert hexadecimal into denary number system.

Program:

//14. Hex-Den
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
char hex[16];
long long Den=0;
int i, den, len;
printf("Enter the hexadecimal value:\t");
scanf("%s",hex);
len=strlen(hex);
len--;
for(i=0; hex[i]!='\0'; i++)
{
if(hex[i]>='0' && hex[i]<='9')
{den = hex[i] - 48;}
else if(hex[i]>='a' && hex[i]<='f')
{den = hex[i] - 97 + 10;}
else if(hex[i]>='A' && hex[i]<='F')
{den = hex[i] - 65 + 10;}
Den = Den + den * pow(16, len-i);
}
printf("The denary value is %lld",Den);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

32
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 14:
Write a C program to convert hexadecimal into denary number system.

Output:

33
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 15:
Write a C program to find the sum of two given matrices.

Program:

//15. Matrix Sum

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,r,c;
int p[15][15],q[15][15];
printf("Enter the size of matrix %cr x c%c:\t",34,34);
scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);
printf("Enter the elements of matrix P:\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("p[%d][%d]\t",i+1,j+1);
scanf(" %d",&p[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the elements of matrix Q:\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("q[%d][%d]\t",i+1,j+1);
scanf(" %d",&q[i][j]);
}
}
printf("The sum of given matrices is:\n P+Q= ");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{printf("\t%d",p[i][j]+q[i][j]);}
printf(" \n");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

34
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 15:
Write a C program to find the sum of two given matrices.

Output:

35
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 16:
Write a C program to find the transpose of a given matrix.

Program:

//16. Matrix transpose

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,r,c;
int a[10][10],b[10][10];
printf("Enter the size of matrix %cr x c%c:\t",34,34);
scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);
printf("Enter the elements of matrix A:\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("a[%d][%d]\t",i+1,j+1);
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("The given matrix is\n A = ");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{printf("\t%d",a[i][j]);}
printf("\n");
}
printf("The transpose of A is:\n A' = ");
for(i=0;i<c;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<r;j++)
{printf("\t%d",a[j][i]);}
printf("\n");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

36
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 16:
Write a C program to find the transpose of a given matrix.

Output;

37
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 17:
Write a C program to find the product of two given matrices.

Program:

//17. Product of 2 Matrices

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,k;
int m,n,p,q;
int a[15][15],b[15][15],c[15][15];
do
{
printf("For the multiplication of matrices, n=p (must be).\n");
printf("Enter the size of matrix A %cm x n%c:\t",34,34);
scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter the size of matrix B %cp x q%c:\t",34,34);
scanf("%d %d",&p,&q);
} while(n!=p);
printf("Enter the elements of matrix A:\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("a[%d][%d]\t",i+1,j+1);
scanf("\t%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the elements of matrix B:\n");
for(i=0;i<p;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
printf("b[%d][%d]\t",i+1,j+1);
scanf("\t%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
printf("The product of matrices A and B is:\n A x B = ");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{

38
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

for(k=0;k<n;k++)
{
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n\t");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\nExecuted on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

39
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 17:
Write a C program to find the product of two given matrices.

Output:

40
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 18:
Write a C program to display Floyd triangle pattern.

Program:

//18. Floyed triangle pattern

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int n=1,i,r,j;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&r);
printf("The Floyd's Triangle Pattern for %d rows:\n\n",r);
for(i=1;i<=r;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",n);
++n;
}
printf("\n\n");
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

41
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 18:
Write a C program to display Floyd triangle pattern.

Output:

42
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 19:
Write a C program to display Pascal triangle pattern.

Program:

//19. Pascal triangle pattern.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int r,coeff=1,gap,i,j;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&r);
printf("The Pascal's Triangle Pattern for %d rows:\n\n",r);
{
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(gap=1;gap<=r-i;gap++)
printf(" ");
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
{
if(j==0||i==0)
coeff=1;
else
coeff=coeff*(i-j+1)/j;
printf("%6d",coeff);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

43
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 19:
Write a C program to display Pascal triangle pattern.

Output:

44
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 20:
Write a C program to prepare a result taking marks in 4 papers, and give grade secured by a particular
student.

Program:

//20. Marksheet
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
float S1, S2, S3, S4, Total, Per;
printf(" Enter the marks in Subject 1:\t");
scanf("%f",&S1);
if(S1<=100&&S1>=0)
{
printf(" Enter the marks in Subject 2:\t");
scanf("%f",&S2);
{
if(S2<=100&&S2>=0)
{
printf(" Enter the marks in Subject 3:\t");
scanf("%f",&S3);
if(S3<=100&&S3>=0)
{
printf(" Enter the marks in Subject 4:\t");
scanf("%f",&S4);
}}}
}
Total=S1+S2+S3+S4;
//if full marks of each subject is 100
Per=Total/4;
if((S1<=100&&S2<=100&&S3<=100&&S4<=100)&&
(S1>=0&&S2>=0&&S3>=0&&S4>=0))
//if pass marks is 40 in each subject
{
if(S1<40||S2<40||S3<40||S4<40)
printf(" Result: Failed");
else
{
printf("\n Result: Passed \n");
if(Per>=90)
{printf(" Grade: A+");}
else if(Per>=80)
{printf(" Grade: A");}
else if(Per>=70)
{printf(" Grade: B+");}
else if(Per>=60)
{printf(" Grade: B");}
else if(Per>=50)
{printf(" Grade: C+");}

45
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else
{printf(" Grade: C");}
printf("\n Total Marks: %.2f",Total);
printf("\n Percentage: %.2f",Per);
}
}
else
{printf("\n Please enter correct values.");}
time_t t = time(NULL);
struct tm tm = *localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

46
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 20:
Write a C program to prepare a result taking marks in 4 papers, and give grade secured by a particular student.

Output:

47
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 21:
Write a C program to find permutation and combination of given things taken some at a time.

Program:

//21. Permutation and Combination

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int n, r, d, P, C;
int i, j, k;
int N=1, R=1, D=1;
printf(" Enter the number of items (n): ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf(" Enter the number of items to be selected (r): ");
scanf("%d",&r);
if(n>=1&&r>=0&&n>=r)
{
//N=n!
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{N=N*i;}
//R=r!
for(j=1;j<=r;j++)
{R=R*j;}
//D=d!=(n-r)!
d=n-r;
for(k=1;k<=d;k++)
{D=D*k;}
//Permutation
P=N/D;
printf("\n P(%d,%d) = %d",n,r,P);
//Combination
C=N/(D*R);
printf("\n C(%d,%d) = %d",n,r,C);
}
else
{printf(" Error");}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

48
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 21:
Write a C program to find permutation and combination of given things taken some at a time.

Output:

49
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 22:
Write a C program to generate Fibonacci sequence of given terms, and also find the sum (using
recursive function).

Program:

//22. Fibonacci sequence and sum

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int fibo(int n);
int main()
{
int n,i,s=0;
printf(" Enter the number of terms (n):\t");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf(" The Fibonacci sequence of %d terms is:\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(" %d\t",fibo(i));
s =s+fibo(i);
}
printf("\n The sum of first %d terms is %d.",n,s);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}
int fibo(int n)
{
if(n==0||n==1)
return n;
return (fibo(n-1)+fibo(n-2));
}

50
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 22:
Write a C program to generate Fibonacci sequence of given terms, and also find the sum (using recursive
function).

Output:

51
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 23:
Write a C program to find HCF of given numbers (more than two).

Program:

//23. HCF (more than two)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int n,i,j=1,hcf;
printf("Enter the amount of numbers:\t");
scanf("%d",&n);
int arr[n];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter number %d = ",i+1);
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
}
hcf=arr[0];
while(j<=n)
{
if(arr[j]%hcf==0)
{j++;}
else
{hcf=arr[j]%hcf;
i++;}
}
printf("\nHCF = %d ",hcf);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\nExecuted on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

52
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 23:
Write a C program to find HCF of given numbers (more than two).

Output:

53
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 24:
Write a C program that uses calloc function to find sum of two given numbers.

Program:

//24. calloc funtion, sum of two numbers.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, sum;
printf("Enter the first number: ");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("Enter the second number: ");
scanf("%d",&b);
// Allocate memory for the sum using calloc
int*result=(int*)calloc(1,sizeof(int));
if(result==NULL)
{
printf("Memory allocation failed.\nExiting program.\n");
return 1;
}
// Calculate the sum
*result=a+b;
printf("The sum is:\n %d + %d = %d\n",a,b,*result);
// Free the allocated memory
free(result);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

54
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 24:
Write a C program that uses calloc function to find sum of two given numbers.

Output:

55
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 25:
Write a C program that uses malloc function to allocate memory, also readjust the allocation using
realloc function.

Program:

//25. malloc function, realloc function

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
int *ptr;
int n, i;
printf(" Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n Entered number of elements: %d\n",n);
// Allocate memory for 'n' integers
ptr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
if(ptr==NULL)
{
printf("\n Memory allocation failed.");
exit(0);
}
else
{
printf("\n Memory successfully allocated using malloc.\n");
// Initialize the array with values
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{
ptr[i]=i+1;
}
// Display the elements of the array
printf("\n The elements of the array are:\n\n");
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{
printf("%d ",ptr[i]);
}
}
// Reallocate memory to increase the size
int newSize=2*n;
ptr=(int*)realloc(ptr,newSize*sizeof(int));
if(ptr==NULL)
{
printf("\n Memory reallocation failed.\n");
exit(0);
}
else
{
printf("\n\n Memory successfully reallocated using realloc.\n");

56
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// Initialize the new elements

for(i=n;i<newSize;++i)
{
ptr[i]=i+1;
}
// Display the updated elements of the array
printf("\n Updated elements of the array are:\n\n");
for(i=0;i<newSize;++i)
{
printf(" %d ",ptr[i]);
}
}
// Free the allocated memory
free(ptr);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

57
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 25:
Write a C program that uses malloc function to allocate memory, also readjust the allocation using realloc
function.

Output:

58
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 26:
Write a C program that creates a data file containing structure of n records.

Program:

//26. structure of n records

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<time.h>
struct Members
{char name[35]; int age; char address[20];};
int main()
{
int i,n;
FILE *file;
printf("How many record do you want to enter? ");
scanf("%d",&n);
struct Members rec[n];
printf("The details of the members of the organization:\n");
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{char name[35];
printf("Enter name (first_middle_last): ");
scanf("%s",rec[i].name);
printf("Enter age: ");
scanf("%d",&rec[i].age);
printf("Enter address: ");
scanf("%s",&rec[i].address);}
file= fopen("Members.txt","w");
if(file==NULL)
{printf("File not opened");
return 1;}
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{fprintf(file,"Member %d",i);
fprintf(file,"\nName: %s",rec[i].name);
fprintf(file,"\nAge: %d",rec[i].age);
fprintf(file,"\nAddress: %s\n\n",rec[i].address);}
fclose(file);
printf("File created.\nSee your data in %cMembers.txt%c",34,34);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\nExecuted on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

59
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 26:
Write a C program that creates a data file containing structure of n records.

Output:

60
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 27:
Write a C program that creates a data file containing records of product with field name, product code,
product name, quantity, and price. Also, append the file with more records of products.

Program 27.1:

//27.1 Create File

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
int code,quantity,i;
int n;
float rate,price;
char productName[10],filename[10];
printf("Input file name: ");
scanf("%s",filename);
fp=fopen(filename,"w");
if(fp==NULL)
{
printf("Error opening file for writing.\n");
return 1;
}
printf("How many entries you need to enter?\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nInput inventory data:\n\n");
printf("Product Code\t Product Name\t Quantity\t Rate\n");
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
scanf("%d %s %d %f",&code,productName,&quantity,&rate);
price=rate*quantity;
fprintf(fp,"%d\t %s\t %d\t %4.2f\t %6.2f\n",
code,productName,quantity,rate,price);
}
fclose(fp);
printf("\nContents of %s\n\n",filename);
printf("Product Code \t Product Name \t Quantity \t Rate\t\t Price\n");
fp = fopen(filename,"r");
if (fp==NULL)
{
printf("Error opening file for reading.\n");
return 1;
}
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
fscanf(fp, "%d\t%s\t%d\t%f\t%f",
&code,productName,&quantity,&rate,&price);
printf("%d\t\t %s\t\t %d\t\t %4.2f\t\t %6.2f\n",
code,productName,quantity,rate,price);
}

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fclose(fp);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

62
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Program 27.2:

//27.2 Append
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
int code,quantity,i;
int n;
float rate,price;
char productName[10],filename[10];
printf("Input file name: ");
scanf("%s",filename);
fp = fopen(filename,"a+");
if (fp==NULL)
{
printf("Error opening file for appending.\n");
return 1;
}
printf("How many entries you need to enter?\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nInput inventory data:\n\n");
printf("Product Code\t Product Name\t Quantity\t Rate\n");
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
scanf("%d %s %d %f",&code,productName,&quantity,&rate);
price=rate*quantity;
fprintf(fp, "%d\t %s\t %d\t %4.2f\t %6.2f\n",
code,productName,quantity,rate,price);
}
fclose(fp);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

63
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 27:
Write a C program that creates a data file containing records of product with field name, product code,
product name, quantity, and price. Also, append the file with more records of products.

Output:

64
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 28:
Write a C program to solve by using bisection method. (Take error of
tolerance from user.)

Program:

//28. Bisection method

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<time.h>
float f(float x)
{return (x*x*x-9*x+1);}
void bisect (float *x, float a, float b, int *itr)
{*x=a+(b-a)/2;
++(*itr);
printf("Iteration no. %3d X= %7.5f\n",*itr,*x);}
int main()
{
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,
tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
int itr=0, maxitr;
float x, a, b, Tol, x1;
printf("Enter the interval:\t");
scanf("%f %f",&a,&b);
printf("Enter the tolerance value:\t");
scanf("%f",&Tol);
printf("Enter maximum number of iterations:\t");
scanf("%d",&maxitr);
bisect (&x,a,b,&itr);
do{
if(f(a)*f(x)<0)
b=x;
else
a=x;
bisect (&x1,a,b,&itr);
if(fabs(x1-x)<Tol)
{printf("Iterations = %d\nRoot = %5.4f\n",itr,x1);
return 0;}
x=x1;}while(itr<maxitr);
printf("\nSolution does not converge.\nIterations not sufficient");
return 1;
}

65
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>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 28:
Write a C program to solve by using bisection method. (Take error of tolerance
from user.)

Output:

66
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 29:
Write a C program to solve by using Newton-Raphson method. (Take error of
tolerance from user.)

Program:

//29. Newton-Raphson
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
#define F(x) (sin(x)-x*x*x-1)
#define f(x) (cos(x)-3*x*x)
main()
{
float x0,x1,F0,F1,f0,Tol; int step=1, maxitr;
printf("\nEnter initial guess: ");
scanf("%f", &x0);
printf("Enter tolerable error: ");
scanf("%f", &Tol);
printf("Enter maximum iteration: ");
scanf("%d", &maxitr);
printf("\nStep\t\tx0\t\tF(x0)\t\tx1\t\tF(x1)\n");
do
{
f0=f(x0); F0=F(x0);
if (f0==0.0)
{printf("Mathematical Error."); exit(0);}
x1 = x0-F0/f0;
printf("%d\t\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f\n", step, x0, F0, x1, F1);
x0 = x1;
step++;
if(step>maxitr)
{printf("Not Convergent."); exit(0);}
F1=F(x1);
} while(fabs(F1)>Tol);
printf("\nRoot is: %f",x1);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\nExecuted on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
}

67
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 29:
Write a C program to solve by using Newton-Raphson method. (Take error of
tolerance from user.)

Output:

68
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 30:
Write a C program to evaluate ∫ √ by using trapezoidal rule. (Take number of sub-
intervals from user.)

Program:

//30. Trapezoidal
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define Pi 3.14159
#include<time.h>
float y(float x)
{
return sqrt(sin(x));
}
main()
{
float a=0,b=Pi/2,h /*h=stepSize*/,s;
int i,n;
printf("The lower limit is %3.4f\n",a);
printf("The upper limit is %3.4f\n",b);
printf("Enter the number of sub-intervals:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
h=(b-a)/n;
s=y(a)+y(b);
for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
s+=2*y(a+i*h);
printf ("Value of integral is %6.4f\n",(h/2)*s);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\n Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
}

69
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 30:
Write a C program to evaluate ∫ √ by using trapezoidal rule. (Take number of sub-
intervals from user.)

Output:

70
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 31:
Write a C program to evaluate ∫ √ by using Simpson’s 1/3 rule. (Take number of
sub-intervals from user.)

Program:

//31. Simpson's 1/3

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define f(x) sqrt(1+(x*x))
int main()
{
float l=0, u=2, integ = 0.0, h, k;
int n,i;
//l=lower limit, u=upper limit, h=(u-l)/n=stepSize, n=number of sub-intervals
printf("The lower limit of integration is %.2f\n",l);
printf("The upper limit of integration is %.2f\n",u);
printf("Enter number of sub intervals: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
h=(u-l)/n;
/* Finding Integration Value */
integ=f(u)+f(l);
for (i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
{
k=l+i*h;
if (i%2==0)
{integ+=2*f(k);}
else
{integ+=4*f(k);}
}
integ*=h/3;
printf("\nRequired value of integration is: %.4f",integ);
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("\nExecuted on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

71
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 31:
Write a C program to evaluate ∫ √ by using Simpson’s 1/3 rule. (Take number of sub-
intervals from user.)

Output:

72
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 32:
Write a C program to solve by Gauss
elimination method.

Program:

//32. Gauss Elimination

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
float a[5][5], x[5], ratio;
int i, j, k, n;
printf("Enter the number of unknowns:\t");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n");
/* Reading Augmented Matrix */
printf("Enter the elements of Augmented Matrix\n");
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for (j=1;j<=n+1;j++)
{
printf("a[%d][%d] = ",i,j);
scanf("%f",&a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
/* Applying Gauss Elimination */
for (i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
{
if (a[i][i]==0.0)
{
printf("Mathematical Error!");
exit(0);
}
for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
{
ratio=a[j][i]/a[i][i];
for (k=1;k<=n+1;k++)
{
a[j][k]=a[j][k]-ratio*a[i][k];
}
}
}
/* Obtaining Solution by Back Substitution */
x[n]=a[n][n+1]/a[n][n];
for (i=n-1;i>=1;i--)
{
x[i]=a[i][n+1];

73
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
{
x[i]=x[i]-a[i][j]*x[j];
}
x[i]=x[i]/a[i][i];
}
/* Displaying Solution */
printf("\nSolution:\n");
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("x[%d] = %0.3f\n",i,x[i]);
}
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
return 0;
}

74
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 32:
Write a C program to solve by Gauss
elimination method.

Output:

75
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

Program 33:
Write a C program to solve by Gauss-
Seidel method.

Program:

//33. Gauss Siedel

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<time.h>
main()
{
time_t t=time(NULL);
struct tm tm=*localtime(&t);
printf("Executed on: %d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",
tm.tm_year+1900,tm.tm_mon+1,tm.tm_mday,
tm.tm_hour,tm.tm_min,tm.tm_sec);
printf("Enter number of unknown values:\t");
int N;
scanf("%d",&N);
float a[N][N+1],x[N],aerr,maxerr,T,s,err;
int i,j,itr,maxitr;
// first initializing the array x[i]
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
x[i]=0;
printf("Enter the elements of the augmented matrix row-wise:\n");
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
for(j=0;j<N+1;j++)
scanf("%f",&a[i][j]);
printf("Enter the allowed error:\n");
scanf("%f",&aerr);
printf("Enter the maximum iterations:\n");
scanf("%d",&maxitr);
printf("Iteration\t x[1]\t x[2]\tx[3]\n");
for(itr=1;itr<=maxitr;itr++)
{
maxerr=0;
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
{
s=0;
for(j=0;j<N;j++)
if(j!=i)
s+=a[i][j]*x[j];
T=(a[i][N]-s)/a[i][i];
err=fabs(x[i]-T);
if(err>maxerr)
maxerr=err;
x[i]=T;
}
printf("%3d\t\t",itr);
for(i=0;i<N;i++)

76
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printf("%7.2f",x[i]);
printf("\n");
if (maxerr<aerr)
{
printf("Converges in %d iterations\n",itr);
for (i=0;i<N;i++)
printf("x[%d] = %7.2f\n",i+1,x[i]);
return 0;
}
}
printf("Solution does not converge\nIterations not sufficient\n");
return 1;
}

77
 Prepared by: Sultan Sidddiquie

>>Go to Index of Programs

Program 33:
Write a C program to solve by Gauss-
Seidel method.

Output:

78
The programs in this document may contain some inaccuracies.
So the readers are requested to do their own research, as much as
possible.