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Wave Propagation and Antenna

Antenna and Wave Propagation

Lab 4 UHF Probe

Ansoft HFSS Design Environment The following features of the Ansoft HFSS Design Environment are used tocreate this passive device model 3D Solid Modeling Primitives: Cylinders, Boxes Boolean Operations: Unite, Subtract Boundaries/Excitations Ports: Wave Ports Analysis Sweep: Fast Frequency Results Cartesian plotting Field Overlays: 3D Far Field Plots

Setting Tool Options To set the tool options: Note: In order to follow the steps outlined in this example, verify that thefollowing tool options are set : 1. Select the menu item Tools > Options > HFSS Options 2. HFSS Options Window: 1. Click the General tab Use Wizards for data entry when creating new boundaries: Checked Duplicate boundaries with geometry: Checked 2. Click the OK button 3. Select the menu item Tools > Options > 3D Modeler Options. Page | 1

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4. 3D Modeler Options Window: 1. Click the Operation tab Automatically cover closed polylines: Checked 2. Click the Drawing tab Edit property of new primitives: Checked 3. Click the OK button Opening a New Project To open a new project: 1. In an Ansoft HFSS window, click the _ On the Standard toolbar, orselect the menu item File > New. 2. From the Project menu, select Insert HFSS Design.

Set Solution Type To set the solution type: 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Solution Type 2. Solution Type Window: 1. Choose Driven Terminal 2. Click the OK button Creating the 3D Model Set Model Units To set the units: 1. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Units 2. Set Model Units: 1. Select Units: in (inches) 2. Click the OK button Set Default Material To set the default material: 1. Using the 3D Modeler Materials toolbar, choose Select 2. Select Definition Window: 1. Type copper in the Search by Name field 2. Click the OK button

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Creating Annular Rings Creating a ring is accomplished by creating a cylinder that represents the outerradius and a cylinder that represents the inner radius. By performing a Booleansubtraction, the resulting geometry is a ring. For this model, two sets of rings are necessary. Instead of manually creatingboth rings, we will create one ring, copy it, and edit the dimensions of the copy. Create Ring 1 1. Select the menu item Draw > Cylinder 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the cylinder position X: 0.0, Y: 0.0, Z: 0.0, Press the Enter key 3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius: dX: 0.31, dY: 0.0, dZ: 0.0, Press the Enter key 4. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the height: dX: 0.0, dY: 0.0, dZ: 5.0, Press the Enter key To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: ring_inner 3. Click the OK button To fit the view: 1. Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View. Or press the CTRL+Dkey

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Creating Annular Rings (Continued) Create Ring 1 (Continued) 1. Select the menu item Draw > Cylinder 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the cylinder position X: 0.0, Y: 0.0, Z: 0.0, Press the Enter key 3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius: dX: 0.37, dY: 0.0, dZ: 0.0, Press the Enter key 4. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the height: dX: 0.0, dY: 0.0, dZ: 5.0, Press the Enter key To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: ring_1 3. Click the OK button To select objects to be subtracted: 1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name 2. Select Object Dialog, 1. Select the objects named: ring_1, ring_inner 2. Click the OK button To subtract: 1. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Boolean > Subtract 2. Subtract Window Blank Parts: ring_1 Tool Parts: ring_inner Clone tool objects before subtract: Unchecked Click the OK button Create Ring 2 1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name 2. Select Object Dialog, 1. Select the objects named: ring_1 2. Click the OK button 3. Select the menu item Edit > Copy 4. Select the menu item Edit > Paste Change the dimensions of Ring 2 1. To change the dimensions of ring_2, expand the model tree as shownbelow. It should be noted that order of the editing is important. If you makethe inner radius > then the outer radius, a invalid object will result and it willbe removed from the model. 2. Using the mouse, double click the left mouse button on the CreateCylindercommand for ring_2 3. Properties dialog 1. Change the radius to: 0.5 in 2. Click the OK button 4. Using the mouse, double click the left mouse button on the CreateCylindercommand for ring_inner1 5. Properties dialog 1. Change the radius to: 0.435 in 2. Click the OK button

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Create Arm_1 To create Arm_1 1. Select the menu item Draw > Box 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the box position X: -0.1, Y: -0.31, Z: 5.0, Press the Enter key 3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner of the baserectangle: dX: 0.2, dY: -4.69, dZ: -0.065, Press the Enter key To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: Arm_1 3. Click the OK button To fit the view: 1. Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View. Group Conductors To group the conductors: 1. Select the menu item Edit > Select All Visible. Or press the CTRL+A key 2. Select the menu item, 3D Modeler > Boolean > Unite Create the Center pin To create the center pin 1. Select the menu item Draw > Cylinder 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the cylinder position X: 0.0, Y: 0.0, Z: 0.0, Press the Enter key 3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius: dX: 0.1, dY: 0.0, dZ: 0.0, Press the Enter key 4. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the height: dX: 0.0, dY: 0.0, dZ: 5.1, Press the Enter key To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: center_pin 3. Click the OK button Page | 5

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Create Arm_2 To create Arm_2 1. Select the menu item Draw > Box 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the box position X: -0.1, Y: 0.0, Z: 5.1, Press the Enter key 3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner of the baserectangle: dX: 0.2, dY: 5.0, dZ: -0.065, Press the Enter key To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: Arm_2 3. Click the OK button To fit the view: 1. Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View. Create the Grounding Pin To create the grounding pin 1. Select the menu item Draw > Cylinder 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the cylinder position X: 0.0, Y: 1.0, Z: 0.0, Press the Enter key 3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius: dX: 0.0625, dY: 0.0, dZ: 0.0, Press the Enter key 4. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the height: dX: 0.0, dY: 0.0, dZ: 5.1, Press the Enter key To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: pin 3. Click the OK button Group Conductors To group the conductors: 1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name 2. Select Object Dialog, 1. Select the objects named: Arm_2, center_pin, pin Note: Use the Ctrl + Left mouse button to select multipleobjects 2. Click the OK button 3. Select the menu item, 3D Modeler > Boolean > Unite Create the Wave port To create a circle that represents the port: 1. Select the menu item Draw > Circle 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center position X: 0.0, Y: 0.0, Z: 0.0, Press the Enter key 3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius of the circle: dX: 0.31, dY: 0.0, dZ: 0.0, Press the Enter key To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: p1 3. Click the OK button

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Set Default Material To set the default material: Using the 3D Modeler Materials toolbar, choose vacuum Create Air To create Air 1. Select the menu item Draw > Box 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the box position X: -5.0, Y: -10.0, Z: 0.0, Press the Enter key 3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner of the baserectangle: dX: 10.0, dY: 20.0, dZ: 12.0, Press the Enter key To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: Air 3. Set the Display Wireframe Display Wireframe Display Wireframe option to Checked 4. Click the OK button To fit the view: 1. Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View. Create Radiation Boundary 1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > Faces 2. While holding the CTRL key, select all of the faces of the Air vacuum object except the face on the XY plane. Use the rotate button in between selections to access the back side faces. 3. Once the 5 faces are selected, go to the menu item HFSS > Boundaries >Assign> Radiation 4. Radiation Boundary window 1. Name: Rad1 2. Click the OK button To select the object p1: 1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name 2. Select Object Dialog, 1. Select the objects named: p1 2. Click the OK button To assign wave port excitation 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Excitations > Assign > Wave Port 2. Place Arm_2 in the Conducting Object list and Arm_1 in the Reference Conductor list 3. Click the OK button

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Rename the Wave Port and Terminal 1. Double click on WavePort1 under Excitations in the project tree. 2. Rename the port to p1 3. Click the OK button 4. Double click on the terminal named Arm_2_T1 5. Rename the terminal to T1 6. Click the OK button Create Infinite Ground Plane To create an Infinite ground 1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > Faces 2. Graphically select the face of the Air object at Z=0 3. Select the menu item HFSS > Boundaries > Assign> Finite Conductivity 4. Finite Conductivity Boundary window 1. Name: gnd_plane 2. Use Material: Checked 3. Click the vacuum button 4. Select Definition Window: 1. Type copper in the Searchby Name field 2. Click the OK button 5. Infinite Ground Plane: Checked 6. Click the OK button Create a Radiation Setup To define the radiation setup 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Radiation > Insert Far Field Setup > InfiniteSphere 2. Far Field Radiation Sphere Setup dialog 1. Infinite Sphere Tab 1. Name: ff_2d 2. Phi: (Start: 0, Stop: 90, Step Size: 90) 3. Theta: (Start: -180, Stop: 180, Step Size: 2) 2. Click the OK button Add Length Based Mesh Operation to the Radiation Boundary Far fields are calculated by integrating the fields on the radiation surface. To obtain accurate far fields for antenna problems, the integration obtain accurate far fields for antenna problems, the integration obtain accurate far fields for antenna problems, the integration surface should be forced to have a /6 to /8 maximum tetrahedra length. To create a length based seed on the radiation boundary: 1. Switch back to object selection by selecting the menu item Edit > Select Objects 2. Select the Air object by left clicking it in the drawing window 3. While the Air object is selected, move the mouse to the project tree and right click on Mesh Operations > Assign > On Selection > Length Based 4. Name: LengthOnRadiation 5. Maximum Length of Elements: 3.5in (this is about /6 at 0.55GHz)

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6. Click the OK button

Analysis Setup Creating an Analysis Setup To create an analysis setup: 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Solution Setup 2. Solution Setup Window: 1. Click the General tab: Solution Frequency: 0.55 GHz Maximum Number of Passes: 10 Maximum Delta S per Pass: 0.02 2. Click the OK button 3. Click the Options Option tab: Enable Iterative Solver: Checked 4. Maximum Click the OK button Adding a Frequency Sweep To add a frequency sweep: 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Sweep 1. Select Solution Setup: Setup1 2. Click the OK button 2. Edit Sweep Window: 1. Sweep Type: Fast 2. Frequency Setup Type: Linear Count Start: 0.35GHz Stop: 0.75GHz Count: 401 Save Fields: Checked 3. Click the OK button Page | 9

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Save Project To save the project: 1. In an Ansoft HFSS window, select the menu item File > Save As. 2. From the Save As window, type the Filename: hfss_uhf_probe 3. Click the Save button Analyze Model Validation To validate the model: 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Validation Check 2. Click the Close button Note: To view any errors or warning messages, use the MessageManager. Analyze To start the solution process: 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Analyze All Solution Data To view the Solution Data: 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Solution Data To view the Profile: 1. Click the Profile Tab. To view the Convergence: 1. Click the Convergence Tab Note: The default view is for convergence is Table. Selectthe Plot radio button to view a graphical representations ofthe convergence data. To view the Matrix Data: 1. Click the Matrix Data Tab Note: To view a real-time update of the Matrix Data, set theSimulation to Setup1, Last Adaptive 2. Click the Close button To view the Mesh Statistics: 1. Click the Mesh Statistics Tab.

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Create Reports Create Terminal S-Parameter Plot - Magnitude To create a report: 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Create Terminal Solution Data Report > Rectangular Plot 2. Traces Window : 1. Solution: Setup1 2. Domain: Sweep 3. Category: Terminal S Parameter 4. Quantity: St(T1,T1) 5. Function: dB 6. Click the New Report button 7. Click the Close button Change the x axis label settings: 1. Double click on the numbers on the plots x axis to bring up the properties window 2. Change the Number Format Number Auto to Decimal 3. Change the Field Precision 2 to 0 4. Click the OK button To create a 2D polar far field plot : 1. Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Create Far Fields Report > Radiation Pattern 2. Traces Window: 1. Solution: Setup1: Last Adaptive 2. Geometry: ff_2d 3. In the Trace tab 1. Category: Gain 2. Quantity: Gain Total 3. Function: dB 4. Click the New Report button 5. Click the Close button

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