Introduction to Python
Programming Unit 2
Akshata S. Bhayyar
Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE,
MSRIT
LIST
A list is an ordered set of values, where each
value is identified by an index
The values that make up a list are called its
elements.
Also called as sequences
LIST VALUES
Ways to create a new list
enclose the elements in square brackets [ ]:
Eg1 [10, 20, 30, 40]
Eg2 ["spam", "bungee", "swallow"]
Eg3 ["hello", 2.7, 5]
LIST VALUES
Lists that contain consecutive integers:
Empty list it is denoted [].
ACCESSING ELEMENTS
ACCESSING ELEMENTS
If you try to read or write an
element that does not exist, you
get a runtime error:
ACCESSING ELEMENTS
If an index has a negative value, it counts
backward from the end of the list:
Using Loops
LIST LENGTH
The function len returns the length of a list
LIST within another LIST
The function len returns the length of a list
List membership
in is a boolean operator that tests
membership in a sequence.
List operations
The + operator concatenates lists
List operations
Similarly, the * operator repeats a list a given
number of times
List slices
Lists are mutable
lists are mutable, which means we can
change their elements.
List deletion
Objects and values
Objects and values
Aliasing
Cloning lists
If we want to modify a list and also keep a copy
of the original
Cloning lists
If we want to modify a list and also keep a copy
of the original
List parameters
Nested lists
Matrices
sted lists are often used to represent matrices
Strings and lists
Strings and lists- delimiter
Strings and lists- join
List Methods
List Methods
1.append()
syntax
list.append (element)
['Mathematics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000, 20544]
List Methods
insert()
syntax
list.insert(position,
element)
Mathematics', 'chemistry', 10087, 1997, 2000]
List Methods
extend()
syntax
List1.extend(List2)
[1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5
List Methods
sum()
syntax
sum(List)
List Methods
count()
syntax
List.count(element)
4
List Methods
Length()
syntax
len(list_name)
10
List Methods
index()
syntax
List.index(element[,start[,end]
])
1
List Methods
Deletion of List Elements
To Delete one or more elements, i.e. remove
an element, many built-in functions can be
used, such as pop() & remove() and
keywords such as del.
pop()
The index is not a necessary parameter, if
not mentioned takes the last index.
Syntax:
list.pop([index])
List Methods
List Methods
reverse()
1
List Methods
Sort( )
Pure functions and Modifiers
Pure functions : It does not modify any of
the objects passed to it as arguments and it
has no side effects, such as displaying a value
or getting user input.
Modifiers: the caller keeps a reference to
the objects it passes, so any changes the
function makes are visible to the caller.
Functions that work this way are called
modifiers.
Tuples
Tuple
A tuple that is similar to a list except that it is
immutable.
Syntactically, a tuple is a comma-separated list
of values:
Tuple
To create a tuple with a single element, we have to
include the final comma:
>>> t1 = (’a’,)
• Without the comma, Python treats (’a’) as a string
in parentheses:
Tuple
If we try to modify one of the elements of
the tuple, we get an error:
Tuple packing and
unpacking
Tuple packing is nothing but the creation of
tuple, whereas tuple unpacking means to
extract tuple values and store them in individual
variables.
Tuple assignment
Tuple assignment
Tuples as return values
Functions can return tuples as return values
Composability of Data
Structures
Tuples items can themselves be other tuples.
Dictionary
Dictionaries
In a dictionary, the indices are called keys, so
the elements are called key-value pairs.
One way to create a dictionary is to start
with the empty dictionary and add elements.
The empty dictionary is denoted {}
Dictionaries
Dictionaries
nother way to create a dictionary
print(len(Subjects)
)
Dictionary operations
1. The del statement removes a key-
value pair from a dictionary
2.
print(len(Subjects))
Dictionary methods
A method is similar to a function, it
takes arguments and returns a value
but the syntax is different.
print(Subjects.keys())
dict_keys([2, 3, 4])
Dictionary methods
The items method returns both, in the
form of a list of tuples—one for each
key-value pair:
print(Subjects.items())
dict_items([(2, 'Physics'), (3,
'Electronics'), (4, 'Python')])
Dictionary methods
the method has key takes a key and
returns true (1) if the key appears in
the dictionary:
Aliasing and copying
Whenever two variables refer to the
same object, changes to one affect the
other.
If you want to modify a dictionary and
keep a copy of the original, use the
copy method.
