Data Structure Laboratory SE- Comp 2022-23

Group: A Roll No:

Assignment No: 3 Date:

Title:

Write a python program to compute following computation on matrix

a) Addition of matrices
b) Subtraction of matrices
c) Multiplication of matrices
d) Transpose of matrix

Marks: Sign:

Department of Computer Engineering Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala

Data Structure Laboratory SE- Comp 2022-23

Group A
Assignment No. 3

Title: Matrix Operations

Objective:

 To introduce the basics of Matrices and some of its applications.

 To study the representation, implementation and applications of 2D Array data structures
 To understand the how to pass 2D arrays as parameters to functions.

Problem Statement

Write a python program to compute following computation on matrix:

1. Addition of matrices
2. Subtraction of matrices
3. Multiplication of matrices
4. Transpose of matrix

Problem Definition:

Matrix: A matrix is an m x n rectangular 2-D array of numbers with m rows and n columns.
Or A matrix is an ordered set of numbers listed in rectangular form.

Column 0 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

row 0 a[0][0] a[0][1] a[0][2] a[0][3]
row 1 a[1][0] a[1][1] a[1][2] a[1][3]
row 2 a[2][0] a[2][1] a[2][2] a[2][3]

Initializing Two-Dimensional arrays:

Two-Dimensional arrays may be initialized by providing a list of initial values & it looks like
this:
int A[4][4] = { {0,1,2,3}, {3,2,1,0}, {3,5,6,1}, {3,8,3,4} };

We might write the two-dimensional array out as:

int A[4][4] = { {0, 1, 2, 3},
{3, 2, 1, 0},
{3, 5, 6, 1},
{3, 8, 3, 4} };

Department of Computer Engineering Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala

Data Structure Laboratory SE- Comp 2022-23

For a two-dimensional array, in order to reference every element, we must use two nested
loops.

Theory:

 2-Dimentional Array
 Row major and column major storage representation for array
 Address calculation for two dimensional array

Algorithms: (Write algorithm of matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication and

transpose)
Write down algorithms for following modules:
1. Accepting a Matrix
2. Displaying a Matrix
3. Finding Transpose of matrix
4. Adding two matrices
5. Subtraction of two matrices
6. Multiplication of two matrices

1. Addition of Two Matrices

If A and B are two matrices of same order m x n (to be read as m by n matrix) then their
addition is defined by A + B. For example if A is a matrix of order 2×3 and B is a matrix of
same order 2×3 then addition is possible and the resultant matrix will be of order 2×3. If a
matrix A has its order 2×3 and another matrix B has its order 3×2 then addition is not
possible. So before adding any number of matrices we must check that whether each of the
matrices are of same order or not then we need to proceed further.

Algorithm
Suppose A and B are two matrix arrays of order m x n, and C is another matrix array to store
the addition result. i, j are counters.
Step1: Start
Step2: Read: m and n
Step3: Read: Take inputs for Matrix A[1:m, 1:n] and Matrix B[1:m, 1:n]
Step4: Repeat for i := 1 to m by 1:
Repeat for j := 1 to n by 1:
C[i, j] := A[i, j] + B[i, j]
[End of inner for loop]
[End of outer for loop]
Step5: Print: Matrix C
Step6: Exit.

2. Subtraction of Two Matrices

If A and B are two matrices having same order m x n and C be the resultant Matrix then we
can write C = A – B. The order of Matrix C will also be m x n. To perform subtraction, order
of each matrix should be same otherwise subtraction is not possible as it stated above in the
case of Matrix Addition.

Department of Computer Engineering Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala

Data Structure Laboratory SE- Comp 2022-23

Algorithm:
Suppose A and B are two matrix arrays of order m x n, and C is another matrix array to store
the addition result. i, j are counters.
1: Start
2: Read: m and n
3: Read: Take inputs for Matrix A[1:m, 1:n] and Matrix B[1:m, 1:n]
4: Repeat for i := 1 to m by 1:
Repeat for j := 1 to n by 1:
C[i, j] := A[i, j] – B[i, j]
[End of inner for loop]
[End of outer for loop]
5: Print: Matrix C[1:m, 1:n]
6: Exit.

3. Matrix Multiplication

If A and B are two matrices of order m x n and p x q then their multiplication possible only if
the number of columns in first matrix is equal to the number of rows in second matrix.
Suppose C a matrix where the result of A x B will be stored then the order of C is m x p.

Algorithm

1. Start
2. Declare variables and initialize necessary variables
3. Enter the element of matrices by row wise using loops
4. Check the number of rows and column of first and second matrices
5. If number of rows of first matrix is equal to the number of columns of second
matrix, go to step 6. Otherwise, print matrix multiplications are not possible and go
to step 3.
6. Multiply the matrices using nested loops.
7. Print the product in matrix form as console output.
8. Stop

Pseudo Code

Suppose A and B are two matrices and their order are respectively m x n and p x q. i, j and k
are counters. And C to store result.
1. Start.
2. Read: m, n, p and q
3. Read: Inputs for Matrices A[1:m, 1:n] and B[1:p, 1:q].
4. If n ≠ p then:
Print: Multiplication is not possible.
Else
{
For( i =1 to n by 1)
{
For( j =1 to q bt 1)
Department of Computer Engineering Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala
Data Structure Laboratory SE- Comp 2022-23

C[i, j] := 0 [Initializing]
for( k=1 to n by 1)
C[i, j] := C[i, j] + A[i, k] x B[k, j]
}
}
5. Display C
6. Exit.

4. Transpose of A Matrix
A transpose of matrix can be formed by turning all the rows of a given matrix into columns
and vice-versa. The transpose of matrix A is written AT.

First read a matrix of size mxn and then find its transpose by just interchanging the rows and
columns i.e. rows become columns and columns become rows.

Algorithm:

Suppose A is a matrix array of order m x n. And B is a matrix array of order n x m to store

result. i and j are two counters.
Step1: Start.
Step2: Read: m and n
Step3: Read: Take inputs for Matrix A[1:m, 1:n].
Step4: If m == n then:
Repeat for i = 1 to m by 1
Repeat for j = 1 to n by 1
B[i, j] = A[j, i]
[End of for loop]
[End of for loop]
Else:
temp = m
m=n
n = temp
Repeat for i = 1 to m by 1
Repeat for j = 1 to n by 1
B[i, j] = A[j, i]
[End of for loop]
[End of for loop]
[End of If structure]
Step5: Print: B[1:m, 1:n]
Step6: Exit.

Department of Computer Engineering Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala

Data Structure Laboratory SE- Comp 2022-23

Sample Input Output:

1. Addition 2. Subtraction of matrices

Transpose of matrix

Theory Questions:

1. How to allocate memory dynamically for a 2D-Array of order 4 x 5 ?

2. What is the difference between int *M[10] & int (*P)[10] ?
3. How do I know how many elements an array can hold?
4. How to allocate memory for a 3-D array of size 3 x 4 x 5 .
5. How does C++ compiler store elements in a multi-dimensional array?
6. Write a python program to generate a Magic Square Matrix.
7. Write a python program to find out the inverse of an n x n matrix.

Conclusion:

Thus we have learnt to declare a two dimensional array, read the elements of the array and
print the elements of the array using static method.

1. Addition of matrices
2. Subtraction of matrices
3. Multiplication of matrices
4. Transpose of matrix

Department of Computer Engineering Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala