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DevOps Study Guide

The DevOps Exam Study Guide covers key concepts and tools in DevOps, including Kubernetes for container orchestration, ArgoCD for GitOps, CI/CD practices, GitHub Actions for automation, Terraform for infrastructure management, Ansible for configuration management, GitOps methodology, and observability principles. Each section provides definitions, goals, and code examples to illustrate the tools' functionalities. The guide aims to equip learners with essential knowledge for effective DevOps practices.

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4 views6 pages

DevOps Study Guide

The DevOps Exam Study Guide covers key concepts and tools in DevOps, including Kubernetes for container orchestration, ArgoCD for GitOps, CI/CD practices, GitHub Actions for automation, Terraform for infrastructure management, Ansible for configuration management, GitOps methodology, and observability principles. Each section provides definitions, goals, and code examples to illustrate the tools' functionalities. The guide aims to equip learners with essential knowledge for effective DevOps practices.

Uploaded by

ai.universe360
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DevOps Exam Study Guide

1. Kubernetes

Definition: Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and

operations of containers.

Goal: Run and manage containerized apps in production efficiently.

Key Concepts:

- Pod: Basic unit that runs containers.

- Deployment: Manages pod replicas and updates.

- Service: Exposes pods inside/outside cluster.

Code Example:

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

name: nginx-deploy

spec:

replicas: 2

selector:

matchLabels:

app: nginx

template:

metadata:

labels:

app: nginx

spec:

containers:

- name: nginx

image: nginx

ports:

- containerPort: 80
DevOps Exam Study Guide

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

name: nginx-service

spec:

selector:

app: nginx

ports:

- port: 80

type: LoadBalancer

2. ArgoCD

Definition: ArgoCD is a GitOps tool for Kubernetes. It syncs application manifests stored in Git with what runs

in your cluster.

Goal: Automate and track deployment from Git.

Code Example:

apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1

kind: Application

metadata:

name: my-app

spec:

source:

repoURL: https://github.com/user/repo

path: k8s

targetRevision: HEAD

destination:

server: https://kubernetes.default.svc

namespace: default
DevOps Exam Study Guide

syncPolicy:

automated:

prune: true

selfHeal: true

3. CI/CD

Definition: Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment/Delivery are DevOps practices to:

- CI: Automatically test and build code when it changes.

- CD: Automatically deploy tested code to production.

Goal: Deliver code safely, quickly, and frequently.

4. GitHub Actions

Definition: GitHub Actions is a CI/CD tool that runs workflows based on events (like a code push).

Goal: Automate tests, builds, and deployments using YAML files.

Code Example:

name: Python CI

on:

push:

branches: [ main ]

jobs:

build:

runs-on: ubuntu-latest

steps:

- uses: actions/checkout@v2

- name: Set up Python

uses: actions/setup-python@v2

with:

python-version: '3.10'
DevOps Exam Study Guide

- run: pip install -r requirements.txt

- run: pytest

5. Terraform (EC2 Code)

Definition: Terraform is an Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool to provision and manage infrastructure.

Goal: Automate cloud resource creation using declarative code.

Code Example:

provider "aws" {

region = "us-east-1"

resource "aws_instance" "web" {

ami = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"

instance_type = "t2.micro"

tags = {

Name = "MyEC2"

6. Ansible

Definition: Ansible automates configuration management and application deployment.

Goal: Manage multiple servers from one control machine using YAML playbooks.

Key Concepts:

- No agents needed (uses SSH).

- Modules like apt, yum, copy, service.

Code Example:
DevOps Exam Study Guide

- name: Install Apache

hosts: all

become: yes

tasks:

- name: Install apache2

apt:

name: apache2

state: present

7. GitOps

Definition: GitOps is a way to do DevOps using Git as the single source of truth.

Core Ideas:

- Git = Source of truth for infrastructure and app state.

- Pull-based delivery using tools like ArgoCD.

- Enables auditability, version control, rollback.

Goal: Safe and automated deployments with Git.

8. Observability

Definition: Observability is about understanding the internal state of a system based on output (metrics, logs,

traces).

Goal: Monitor system health and performance.

Pillars of Observability:

1. Metrics - numbers/statistics (e.g. CPU, memory).

2. Logs - timestamped text logs.

3. Traces - follow a request through services.

Common Tools:
DevOps Exam Study Guide

- Metrics: Prometheus

- Dashboards: Grafana

- Logs: ELK, Loki

- Tracing: Jaeger

Prometheus Example:

scrape_configs:

- job_name: 'my-app'

static_configs:

- targets: ['localhost:9090']

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