23

13 : 25 ~ 14 : 50
sheet 7
1 cheating , ,

key

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzJZqgFvy1A
• key is a machine element used to connect a rotating
machine element to a shaft.
• Material : Carbon steel SM 45C,

Rotating body
(Belt pulley)
Key way
Key Boss https://www.linearmotiontips.com/transmi
tting-torque-with-keyed-shafts/

Shaft
 Transmit torque

saddle key flat key sunk key tangential key saddle key :

flat key :

sunk key :

sliding key woodruff key round key

 Key design (shear & normal)
EX) sunk key based on shear stress

 Shear stress

 Torque for the key  Torque for the shaft

( : Shear stress for the shaft)

 Key torque = Shaft torque (Equilibrium)

Generally

 Key design (shear & normal)
EX) sunk key based on compression stress
 Compression

 ( Compression for the key)

: Key depth buried in the shaft

( : UTS)
 Shaft coupling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Aj2q6fsC5M
Shaft coupling
Shaft coupling
 Mechanical element that connects two shafts to transmit working power

Considerations for Shaft https://www.nbk1560.com/e

n/products/coupling/powert
• Transmitted power magnitude ransmission/service/about/
• Deviation between shaft centers
• angular velocity of the shaft

Classification of shaft coupling

1) Coupling :
Not possible to re-connect (disconnect of connect) during rotation

2) Clutch :
Possible to re-connect (disconnect of connect) during rotation
Shaft coupling

Coupling
Muff coupling
Fixed coupling
The axes are Flange coupling
on the same line
Flexible coupling

The axes are in parallel Oldham Coupling

-

The axes are not in parallel Universal coupling

universal
Shaft coupling
Muff coupling
 The axes are on the same line, Simplest coupling

d (mm) 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 80 100

D (mm) 82 100 115 125 140 155 170 185 220 280

L (mm) 90 110 125 145 160 180 200 220 275 350

C (mm) 40 52 58 68 78 85 95 65 92 110

Z (Number of bolt) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6

(Diameter of bolt) 3/8” 3/8” 3/8” 1/2” 1/2” 1/2” 5/8” 5/8” 3/4” 1”
 Ex) Ring-tightened coupling
mapfcoupling

) P

Friction

Idd
<

dA
pressure
 
d L pdL
Compression Force: P P  2 2
pdA cos   2 2
p d cos  
0 0 2 2 2 - torque
2 d 2 d L d  d 2 Lp
Transmit torque: T T  
0
 pdA    p d
2 0 2 2 2

4
<=
Ex) Bolt-tightened coupling

- : Diameter of bolt
- Z : Number of bolt
- d : Diameter of the shaft
- : Limit shear stress of the bolt

J
F r

Coupling transmit torque Shaft torque

(shaft 1  Coupling  Shaft2)

(Z/2 affect one shaft) [Coupling transmit torque = Shaft torque]


 8
:
6t
t

'

= 49063 kymm
11 P = 3125 kg
FlunP d "

Q
glnnd
Flange coupling

 Key is used to fix the flange and two shafts. Remer bolts are used to fix two flanges.
 Good to transmit toque

http://mechstuff.co
m/what-are-
different-types-of-
couplings/

D S
.
→ fcoupling
Key

→bolty coupling- → key

 - z : Number of bolt
Flange coupling
- : Diameter of bolt
 Design of flange coupling - Db / 2 = Rb : Distance between the shaft and bolt
- Q : Force on each bolt
 Transmit torque (T ) - Dm : Mean contact area ( = (D1+D2)/2 )

Torque by bolt Torque by flange

 2 D mean R
T1  bZ b -
R
4 shearstress
1 2 Frictionforce
- : Limit shear stress of the bolt - : Frictional coefficient

T  T1  T2

 2 b ZDb
T  T1 
'
8
F d
i
13
Flange coupling

 Design of flange coupling

Transmitted torque by flange (T1) Shaft shear stress (  s ) d3

d 3 s
=  if = 
Transmitted torque by shaft (T2)
2 ZDb b bolt shear stress ( b ) 2 ZDb
Flange coupling

 Design of flange coupling

Flange
Flange root torque rooh

,
Flange root
Torque

Standardization (Unit : mm)

shear
Bolt
d a b j k f h m t l Rb
Z [inch]

50 90 20 6 2 27 17 22 23 6 80 4 5/8
60 100 24 6 2 32 17 25 25 6 90 4 3/4
70 112 28 7 2 35 17 26 29 6 105 4 7/8
80 125 32 8 2 41 17 30 32 6 120 4 1
Flange roots 90 135 35 9 2 43 17 30 35 7 130 4 1
100 145 40 9 2 50 17 30 40 7 450 4 1
110 155 44 10 2 52 18 30 45 7 155 6 1
- : Flange root limit shear stress 120 167 48 11 2 55 20 33 50 7 165 6 1
- t : Flange root thickness 130 178 52 12 2 57 22 35 55 8 175 6 1+1/8
140 190 56 12 2 60 23 40 60 8 185 8 1+1/4
- Df : Flange root diameter
150 200 60 12 2 63 24 40 65 8 200 8 1+1/4
Bach condition

strength
Fatif yue
stipfness
Flange coupling

The axes are in parallel The axes are not in parallel

Oldham Coupling
Universal coupling

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 Clutch

https://youtu.be/pqF-aBtTBnY
Clutch design

 Classification of clutch

claw clutch

Friction clutch Disc clutch

Cone clutch

Etc. Fluid clutch

Centrifugal clutch
Clutch design

claw clutch : Transmit power without sliding

 Not easy to re-connect (disconnect of connect) during rotation

Jaw shapes for claw clutches

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0HC9PL90UE
Clutch design
Spiral claw clutch

Transmit torque by shear force Transmit torque by compression force

T  As j Rm

As 

( D22  D12 )
T  ZAc pm Rm
- As : Contact area
8
- : Limit shear stress
D1  D2
- Rm : Radius Rm 
4

1
 - Ac : Contact area Ac 
2
( D2  D1 )h
- h : Jaw’s height D  D2
Rm  1
4
- Z : Number of jaws

(D 1 + D2 )
Spiral claw clutch
(Unit : mm)

d 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

D
100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
a
20 23 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
b
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
c
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
e
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
f
30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
g
72 86 100 114 128 142 156 170 186
Number of
3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
jaws
Clutch design

friction clutch

Possible to re-connect (disconnect of connect) during rotation

Little sliding
 Over pressure leads to over frictional heating

disk clutch
Clutch design

friction clutch

R2 R R
P pdA   2 r  dr  p   2 C  dr  2 C ( R2  R1 )
R1 R1 R1

P
C
2 ( R2  R1 )
Clutch design

friction clutch

Torque by friction

Mean pressure :

Generally
The same
Clutch design
Discs
friction clutch
 Multiple discs
 Torque
T  PRm Z
Z : Number of discs

 Control way

Mechanical Oil pressure

Air pressure
Electromagnetic
Clutch design
friction clutch
Conical clutch
 Conical slop More friction  More torque transmitted
 re-connection (disconnect of connect) during rotation is little bit harder

Conical clutch and friction

More friction
Clutch design
friction clutch
 Pushing force P
 Contact force Q

Assume the same pressure

- Dm : Mean contact diameter

- b : Width of the contact area
 Pushing force P: P
Force equilibrium


Clutch design
friction clutch
 Transmitted torque : T [Assumption] Vertical reaction force of Q acts
on the average radius position.

: Equivalent frictional coefficient

 The equivalent effect that frictional coefficient is increased   

'

 The required force is reduced

 If the angle α is too small, it will be difficult to separate the impact from the bite
 Usually α≥ 12 ~ 15
Clutch design
Centrifugal clutch Fluid clutch
https://www.banggood.com/47cc-49cc- https://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2
Minimoto-Centrifugal-Clutch-For-Mini- 017/06/fluid-coupling.html
Moto-Dirt-Bike-ATV-p-
969570.html?cur_warehouse=CN

The output shaft is disengaged at

low rotational speed and engages It has been used in automobile transmissions as an
more as speed increases. alternative to a mechanical clutch.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrmWNBwHBQ0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dZCbYudgqk
Reference
Wikipedia

정남용, 기계설계, 학진북스

Shigley, Mechanical design, MacGrow Hill

송지복 외, 기계설계, 북스힐