Types of Operating Systems

1. Batch Operating System

2. Multiprogramming Operating System
3. Time-Sharing OS
4. Multiprocessing OS
5. Distributed OS
6. Network OS
7. Real Time OS
8. Multitasking OS
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 1. Batch Operating System
• In the 1970s, Batch processing was very popular. In this technique, similar types of jobs were batched
together and executed in time. People were used to having a single computer which was called a
mainframe.
• In Batch operating system, access is given to more than one person; they submit their respective jobs to
the system for the execution.
• The system put all of the jobs in a queue on the basis of first come first serve and then executes the jobs
one by one.
• The users collect their respective output when all the jobs get executed.

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 1. Batch Operating System cont..
Advantages of Batch Operating System:
 Processors of the batch systems know how long the job would be when it is in queue
 Multiple users can share the batch systems
 The idle time for the batch system is very less
 It is easy to manage large work repeatedly in batch systems
Disadvantages of Batch Operating System:
 The computer operators should be well known with batch systems
 Batch systems are hard to debug
 It is sometimes costly
 The other jobs will have to wait for an unknown time if any job fails

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 2. Multiprogramming Operating System:
• Multiprogramming is an extension to batch processing where the CPU is always kept busy.
• Each process needs two types of system time: CPU time and IO time.
• In a multiprogramming environment, when a process does its I/O, The CPU can start the execution of
other processes. Therefore, multiprogramming improves the efficiency of the system.

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 Advantages of Multi Programming OS:
 Throughout the system, it increased as the CPU always had one program to execute.
 Response time can also be reduced.

Disadvantages of Multi Programming OS:

 Multiprogramming systems provide an environment in which various systems
resources are used efficiently, but they do not provide any user interaction with the
computer system.

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 3. Multi-Tasking OS
• The multitasking operating system is a logical extension of a multiprogramming system
that enables multiple programs simultaneously.
• It allows a user to perform more than one computer task at the same time.

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 3. Multi-Tasking OS

• Advantages of Multi-Tasking OS:

• This operating system is more suited to supporting multiple users simultaneously.
• The multitasking operating systems have well-defined memory management.

• Disadvantages of Multi-Tasking OS:

• The multiple processors are busier at the same time to complete any task in a
multitasking environment, so the CPU generates more heat.

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 4. Time-Sharing Operating Systems
• Time Sharing operating system, computer resources are allocated in a time-dependent fashion to several
programs simultaneously.
• It helps to provide a large number of user's direct access to the main computer.
• In time-sharing, the CPU is switched among multiple programs given by different users on a scheduled
basis.
• A time-sharing operating system allows many users to be served simultaneously, so sophisticated CPU
scheduling schemes and Input/output management are required.
• Time-sharing operating systems are very difficult and expensive to build.

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 4. Time-Sharing Operating Systems cont..
• Advantages of Time-Sharing OS:
• The time-sharing operating system provides effective utilization and sharing of
resources.
• This system reduces CPU idle and response time.
• Disadvantages of Time-Sharing OS:
• Data transmission rates are very high in comparison to other methods.
• Security and integrity of user programs loaded in memory and data need to be
maintained as many users access the system at the same time.

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 5. Multiprocessor operating systems
• In Multiprocessing, Parallel computing is achieved. There are more than one processors
present in the system which can execute more than one process at the same time. This
will increase the throughput of the system.

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 5. Multiprocessor operating systems
• Advantages of Multiprocessor OS:
• Increased reliability: Due to the multiprocessing system, processing tasks can be
distributed among several processors. This increases reliability as if one processor fails,
the task can be given to another processor for completion.
• Increased throughout: As several processors increase, more work can be done in less.
• Disadvantages of Multiprocessor OS :
• Multiprocessing operating system is more complex and sophisticated as it takes care of
multiple CPUs simultaneously.

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 6. Distributed Operating System
• The Distributed Operating system is not installed on a single machine, it is divided into parts, and
these parts are loaded on different machines.
• A part of the distributed Operating system is installed on each machine to make their communication
possible.
• Distributed Operating systems are much more complex, large, and sophisticated than Network
operating systems because they also have to take care of varying networking protocols.

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 6. Distributed Operating System

• Advantages of Distributed Operating System:

• The distributed operating system provides sharing of resources.
• This type of system is fault-tolerant.
• Disadvantages Distributed Operating System:
• Protocol overhead can dominate computation cost.

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 7. Network Operating System
• An Operating system, which includes software and associated protocols to communicate
with other computers via a network conveniently and cost-effectively, is called Network
Operating System.

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 7. Network Operating System
Advantages of Network Operating System:
• In this type of operating system, network traffic reduces due to the division between
clients and the server.
• This type of system is less expensive to set up and maintain.

Disadvantages of Network Operating System:

• In this type of operating system, the failure of any node in a system affects the whole
system.
• Security and performance are important issues. So trained network administrators are
required for network administration.

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 8. Real-Time Operating System
• In Real-Time Systems, each job carries a certain deadline within which the job is
supposed to be completed, otherwise, the huge loss will be there, or even if the result is
produced, it will be completely useless.
• The Application of a Real-Time system exists in the case of military applications, if you
want to drop a missile, then the missile is supposed to be dropped with a certain
precision.

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 8. Real-Time Operating System
Advantages of Network Operating System:
• Easy to layout, develop and execute real-time applications under the real-time operating
system.
• In a Real-time operating system, the maximum utilization of devices and systems.

Disadvantages of Network Operating System:

• Real-time operating systems are very costly to develop.
• Real-time operating systems are very complex and can consume critical CPU cycles.

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