GOVERNMENT OF WEST BENGAL PURBA MEDINIPUR

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1
 SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
A Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

in
COMPUTER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
by

STUDENT NAME:RUMPA MANDAL Roll :DCONCSTS4 No:10006606 Reg.No:D232408642

STUDENT NAME:MANDIRA MAITY Roll :DCONCSTS4 No:10006615 Reg.No:D232408651
STUDENT NAME:SUDESHNA GIRI Roll :DCONCSTS4 No:10006613 Reg.No:D232408649
STUDENT NAME:PRAPTI PATRA Roll :DCONCSTS4 No10006643 Reg.No:D232408679
STUDENT NAME:SALINA KHATUN Roll :DCONCSTS4 No: 10006628 Reg.No:D232408664

Under the Guidance of

Mr.SOUMENDRA NATH MISHRA
(Lecturer, Department of CST, Contai Polytechnic)

at

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (CST)

CONTAI POLYTECHNIC
P.O.: DARUA, P.S: CONTAI, DIST.: PURBA MEDINIPUR, WEST BENGAL, PIN 721401

(UNDER WEST BENGAL STATE COUNCIL OF TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND SKILL
DEVELOPMENT (TECHNICAL EDUCATION DIVISION), WEST BENGAL, INDIA
AND
APPROVED BY AICTE, NEW DELHI, INDIA)
June, 2025

2
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR submitted for the
Diploma in Engineering & Technology (CST) degree is my original work and the project has
not formed the basis for the award of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or any other similar
titles.

Signature of the Student

Place: CONTAI
Date:

3
 Project Report Approval

The project report entitled < SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR> submitted by <RUMPA

MANDAL(Roll:DCONDCSTS4 No:10006606 , Registration No:D232408642)>, <MANDIRA
MAITY (Roll:DCONCSTS4 No:10006615, Registration No:D232408651)>,<SUDESHNA GIRI
(Roll:DCONCSTS4 No:10006613, Registration No:D232408649)>,<PRAPTI PATRA
(Roll:DCONCSTS4 No:10006643, Registration No:D232408679)>,<SALINA KHATUN (Roll:
DCONCSTS4 No:10006628,Registration No:D232408664 )and is approved for the degree of
Diploma in Engineering & Technology in Computer Science & Technology (CST).

-------------------
Supervisor
Mr.SOUMENDRA NATH MISHRA
CST Lecturere,

-----------------------
SIC, Project Lab

-----------------------
HOD, Dept. of CST

<Official Stamp>

Date:
Place:CONTAI

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to all

those who have helped me to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity and into
something concrete. We would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Our teacher
"MR.SOUMENDRA NATH MISHRA" for her proper guidance, and valuable suggestions,
we are indebted to other teacher MRS. GITANJALI MANDAL , MR. PRITHWIS MANNA
, MRS.SAHELI DASH &MR. KRISHNADUT BERA who gave me the golden opportunity
to do this wonderful project on the topic SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR. We are really
thankful to them. We would like to thank our entire team who helped me a lot in gathering
different information, Collecting data and guiding me from time to time in making this
project. Despite their busy schedules, they gave me different ideas in making this project
unique We are overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to
all those who have helped me to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity and into
something concrete. We would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Our teacher "
" for her proper guidance, and valuable suggestions, we are indebted to other teacher who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR. We are really thankful to them. We would like to thank our entire team
who helped me a lot in gathering different information, Collecting data and guiding me from
time to time in making this project. Despite their busy schedules, they gave me different ideas
in making this project unique

----------------------
<Students name>

Date:
Place: CONTAI

5
 INDEX

SL NO. CHAPTERS PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTICFIC 07
CALCULATOR
2. INTRODUCTION TOPYTHON 08

3. FUNCTIONS OF CALCULATOR 09-14

4. FLOWCHART 15

5. SOURCE CODE 16-20

6. OUTPUT 21

7. FUTURE SCOPE 22

8. CONCLUSION &FUTURE WORK 23

9. REFERENCES 24

6
 IRTRODUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

Scientific calculator is a versatile electronic device to perform a wide range of

mathematical computations and scientific functions. Unlike basic calculators, which are
limited to arithmetic operations, a scientific calculator is equipped with specialized
functions such as trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, and statistical calculations. It is
an essential tool for students, engineers, scientists, and professionals who require accurate
and efficient solutions for complex mathematical problems. The calculator's user interface
typically includes a keypad with numerals, mathematical operators, and function keys,
allowing users to input equations and receive precise results quickly. Over the years,
scientific calculators have evolved to incorporate advanced features, such as graphing
capabilities, programmable functions, and user-customizable settings, making them
indispensable tools for a wide range of academic and professional disciplines.

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 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. It was

created by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the Python
Software Foundation. It was designed with an emphasis on code readability, and its
syntax allows programmers to express their concepts in fewer lines of code. Python
is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more
efficiently. There are two major Python versions: Python 2 and Python 3. Both are
quite different. is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language.
It was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the Python
Software Foundation. It was designed with an emphasis on code readability, and its
syntax allows programmers to express their concepts in fewer lines of code. Python
is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more
efficiently. There are two major Python versions: Python 2 and Python 3. Both are
quite different.

8
 FUNCTION OF SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

This wikiHow teaches you how to master the basics of using a scientific calculator. This
article will cover the basic operation of the calculator, using functions, and graphing. There
are a lot of features to learn about, but getting the basics down will allow you to access pretty
much any function! Scientific calculators are must-have tools for math classes like Algebra,
Trigonometry, and Geometry. Compared to basic calculators, scientific calculators have more
advanced math operations.
Things You Should Know
 Press the 2ND or SHIFT key to access secondary functions.
 If you’re using trigonometry func Ctions, make sure you’re in the correct mode for the
problem (radians or degrees).
 Press the Y= button for graphing equations, then GRAPH to see the results.
Part 1
Understanding Calculator Basics

1.Find the important functions. There are several functions on the calculator that will be
essential for Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry, Calculus, and more. Find the following
functions on your calculator:

Operation Function
+ Addition
Subtraction
- (not negative)
Multiplication
x (There is often

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 an x key for
variables as
well)
÷ Division
Raise to the
^ power of
y to the
yx power of x
√ or Sqrt Square root
ex Exponential
sin Sine function

Inverse sine
sin-1 function
Cosine
cos function
Inverse
cosine
cos-1 function
Tangent
tan function
Inverse
tangent
tan-1 function
Log to the
ln base of e
log Log base 10
Denotes
negative
(-) or neg number
Parentheses
for denoting
order of
() operations
π Inserts pi
Switches
between
degrees and
Mode radians
Basic Operations[1]

2.Familiarize yourself with secondary functions. While the bulk of the most common
functions will have their own keys (e.g., the SIN key), or less-common functions (e.g., the
square root √) will be listed above other keys.

10
  Some calculators have a "Shift" key instead of a "2ND" key.
 In many cases, the color of the "Shift" or "2ND" key will match the color of the
function's text.

3.Always close your parentheses. Whenever you type a left parenthesis, you must close it
with a right one; similarly, if you type a total of five left parentheses, you'll have to close
them with five right ones.
 This is important when entering larger calculations, as leaving out a parenthesis can
cause the equation to return a far different answer than you should have.

4.Switch between degrees and radians with the MODE key. You can change between
displaying values in terms of degrees (fractions of 360) or radians (decimals using pi as the
basis) by pressing the MODE key, using the arrow keys to select RADIANS or DEGREES,
and pressing the ENTER button.
 This is important when performing Trigonometry calculations. If you notice that
your equations are returning decimal values instead of degrees (or vice versa), you'll
need to change this setting.

5.Learn how to save and restore. Saving your results and pulling them back later is an
essential skill for dealing with longer problems. There are a couple of different ways to use
stored information:
 After completing a calculation, the last answer is automatically stored. You can
perform another calculation on that answer by tying in the next operation. For
example, if you just entered 2^4 and pressed ENTER (which equals 16), typing
in - 1 0 and pressing ENTER would subtract 10 from the solution (meaning it
would be 16 - 10).
 Use the Answer function to recall the last displayed answer to an equation. When
you press the Ans key, the last answer from the previous calculation will be added
into your equation.
 Press STO after retrieving your preferred answer, press ALPHA, select a letter, and
press ENTER. You can then use that letter as a placeholder for the answer you
stored.
 Some scientific calculators allow you to retrieve previous answers by pressing the up
arrow button. When you find the answer you were looking for, press ENTER to
place that number in your current equation. Note that there’s usually a limit to how

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 many previous answers are stored, so you can only use this method for recent
calculations.

6.Clear the screen. If you ever need to exit a menu or remove several lines' worth of
equations from the calculator screen, you can press the AC or CLEAR button to do so.
 You can also press the 2ND or Shift key and then press whichever button has
"QUIT" listed over it (in most cases, this is the MODE key).
Part 2
Practicing Functions

Download Article

1.Try a simple square root. Test out the button order on an easy and quick problem. For
example, you might try taking the square root of 9; you should already know that the answer
will be 3, so this is a great tip to use in the middle of a test if you forget which order you're
supposed to be pressing buttons:
 Find the square root (√) symbol.
 Either press the square root key or press the SHIFT or 2ND button and then press its
key.
 Press 9
 Press ENTER or = to solve the equation.

2.Take the power of a number. In most cases, you'll do this by entering the first number,
pressing the carrot (^) button, and entering the number to which you want to raise the first
number.
 For example, to calculate 22, you would type in 2^2 and then press ENTER or =.
 To ensure the number order is correct, try performing a simple test, such as 23. If you
get 8 as the answer, then you did it in the right order. If you got 9, then you actually
did 32.

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3.Practice the trigonometry functions. When you are using the SIN, COS, or TAN
functions, you will have to keep in mind two different things: the order of the button presses,
and radians versus degrees. These scientific calculator functions are commonly used in
Algebra.
 Perform a simple SIN function with an easy to remember answer. For example, the
sine of 30° is 0.5.
 On a scientific calculator, to find the sine of 30° for example, you type in 30 , then
press SIN to get 0.5. If you got a different answer, it probably means that your
scientific calculator is not in degree mode. To put it in degree mode, look for a
button that says DRG which stands for Degrees, Radians, and Gradients. If you push
the DRG button several times, you will see that the mode in your view screen will
change between degrees, radians, and gradients. Push the DRG button until you see
degrees or DEG indicated in the view screen. Once you have degrees in the view
screen, then type in 3 0 then press SIN and you should get 0.5.

4.Practice entering longer equations. Things can get a bit more complicated when you start
entering longer equations into your calculator. You will need to take order into consideration,
and will often make use of the ( ) keys. Try entering the following equation into your
calculator: 3 ^ 4 / ( 3 + ( 2 5 / 3 + 4 * ( - ( 1 ^ 2 ) ) ) )
 Note how many parentheses are necessary to keep the formula intact. Proper
parentheses use is essential to successfully using the calculator.
 Most calculators follow PEMDAS (parenthesis, exponent, multiplication, division,
addition, subtraction), but using parentheses is the most sure way to correctly
calculate the equation.
 After you’re done calculating for the day, you can try downloading games onto your
calculator.

5.Look for complex functions in the MATH menu. While things like SIN, square roots,
inverse exponents, and pi are often either represented by keys or secondary text above keys,
you can find more advanced functions (e.g., factorials) in the MATH menu. To use the
MATH menu, do the following:
 Press the MATH button.
 Use the up and down arrows to scroll up and down through a category of equations.
 Use the right and left arrows to scroll right and left through the different categories.
 Press ENTER or = to select an equation, then enter the number or formula to which
you want to apply the equation.
 Press ENTER or = to calculate the whole equation.

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 Part 3
Graphing an Equation
1.Understand that not all scientific calculators allow graphing. If your calculator doesn't
have a Y= button on it, you most likely can't use the calculator to graph a standard "y=mx+b"
(or similar) plot.[2]
 You can check your calculator's documentation to determine whether or not it
supports graphing, or you can just look for the Y= button near the top of the
calculator's keypad.

2.Press the "Y=" button. It's typically at the top of the calculator's keypad. Doing so brings
up a list of Y values (e.g., "Y1", "Y2", etc.) which represent different equations.

3.Enter your equation. Type in the equation (e.g., 3x+4 ), then press ENTER or =. You
should see the equation appear to the right of the "Y1" value.
 For the X part of the equation, you'll press the X,T,Θ,n key (or similar).

4.Press GRAPH. This button is usually at the top of the calculator's keypad.

5.Review the results. After a moment, you should see the graph's line appear on-screen. This
will show you the curve of the graph and its general position.
 You can view the graph's individual points by pressing
the TABLE (or Shift/2ND and then GRAPH) button and then scrolling through the
resulting table.
 You can also use the graphing function to find minimum and maximum points on
your curve.

6.Press WINDOW to change the graph settings. This will open an options menu where
you can alter the x and y minimum and maximum values, change the scale of the
axes, and more.
 You can press ZOOM to see a list of automatic zoom options. For
example, ZoomFit will adjust the graph to show the entire curve.

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FLOWCHART

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 SOURCE CODE
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
import math

root = Tk()
root.title("Galaxy Night Scientific Calculator")
root.geometry("750x870")
root.configure(bg="#0b0c10")
root.resizable(True, True)

expression = ""
txtInput = StringVar()

txtDisplay = Entry(root, font=('Helvetica', 28), textvariable=txtInput,

bd=10, relief=FLAT, bg="#c5c6c7", fg="#0b0c10", justify='right')
txtDisplay.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, sticky="nsew", padx=10, pady=10,
ipady=20)

def press(num):
global expression
expression += str(num)
txtInput.set(expression)

def clear():
global expression
expression = ""
txtInput.set("")

def backspace():
global expression
expression = expression[:-1]
txtInput.set(expression)

def equal():
global expression
try:
result = eval(expression)
if isinstance(result, float) and result.is_integer():
result = int(result)
txtInput.set(str(result))
expression = str(result)

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 except:
txtInput.set("Error")
expression = ""

def scientific_function(func):
global expression
try:
value = float(expression)
if func == 'log':
result = math.log10(value)
elif func == 'ln':
result = math.log(value)
elif func == 'sqrt':
result = math.sqrt(value)
elif func == 'square':
result = value ** 2
elif func == 'exp':
result = math.exp(value)
elif func == '1/x':
result = 1 / value
elif func == 'factorial':
result = math.factorial(int(value))
elif func == 'sin':
result = math.sin(math.radians(value))
elif func == 'cos':
result = math.cos(math.radians(value))
elif func == 'tan':
result = math.tan(math.radians(value))
elif func == 'sinh':
result = math.sinh(value)
elif func == 'cosh':
result = math.cosh(value)
elif func == 'tanh':
result = math.tanh(value)
elif func == 'asinh':
result = math.asinh(value)
elif func == 'acosh':
result = math.acosh(value)
elif func == 'atanh':
result = math.atanh(value)
elif func == 'asin':
result = math.degrees(math.asin(value))
elif func == 'acos':

17
 result = math.degrees(math.acos(value))
elif func == 'atan':
result = math.degrees(math.atan(value))
elif func == 'deg':
result = math.degrees(value)
elif func == 'rad':
result = math.radians(value)
elif func == 'log2':
result = math.log2(value)
elif func == 'ceil':
result = math.ceil(value)
elif func == 'floor':
result = math.floor(value)
else:
result = "Err"
if isinstance(result, float) and result.is_integer():
result = int(result)
txtInput.set(str(result))
expression = str(result)
except:
txtInput.set("Math Error")
expression = ""

def constant(value):
global expression
expression += str(value)
txtInput.set(expression)

def show_about():
messagebox.showinfo("About", "Galaxy Night Scientific Calculator\nBuilt with Python
and Tkinter")

def create_btn(text, row, col, cmd, color="#1f2833", fg="#66fcf1"):

btn = Button(root, text=text, font=('Helvetica', 18, 'bold'),
bg=color, fg=fg, relief=FLAT, command=cmd,
activebackground="#0b0c10", activeforeground="white")
btn.grid(row=row, column=col, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew")

# === Buttons ===

buttons = [
('C', 1, 0, clear, "#e74c3c"),
('⌫', 1, 1, backspace, "#e67e22"),

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('(', 1, 2, lambda: press('(')),
(')', 1, 3, lambda: press(')')),

('7', 2, 0, lambda: press('7')),

('8', 2, 1, lambda: press('8')),
('9', 2, 2, lambda: press('9')),
('/', 2, 3, lambda: press('/'), "#8a2be2"),

('4', 3, 0, lambda: press('4')),

('5', 3, 1, lambda: press('5')),
('6', 3, 2, lambda: press('6')),
('', 3, 3, lambda: press(''), "#8a2be2"),

('1', 4, 0, lambda: press('1')),

('2', 4, 1, lambda: press('2')),
('3', 4, 2, lambda: press('3')),
('-', 4, 3, lambda: press('-'), "#8a2be2"),

('0', 5, 0, lambda: press('0')),

('.', 5, 1, lambda: press('.')),
('=', 5, 2, equal, "#00ff7f", "#0b0c10"),
('+', 5, 3, lambda: press('+'), "#8a2be2"),

('log', 6, 0, lambda: scientific_function('log'), "#45a29e"),

('ln', 6, 1, lambda: scientific_function('ln'), "#45a29e"),
('√', 6, 2, lambda: scientific_function('sqrt'), "#45a29e"),
('x²', 6, 3, lambda: scientific_function('square'), "#45a29e"),

('sin', 7, 0, lambda: scientific_function('sin'), "#45a29e"),

('cos', 7, 1, lambda: scientific_function('cos'), "#45a29e"),
('tan', 7, 2, lambda: scientific_function('tan'), "#45a29e"),
('xⁿ', 7, 3, lambda: press(''), "#45a29e"),

('π', 8, 0, lambda: constant(math.pi), "#d35400"),

('e', 8, 1, lambda: constant(math.e), "#d35400"),
('1/x', 8, 2, lambda: scientific_function('1/x'), "#d35400"),
('n!', 8, 3, lambda: scientific_function('factorial'), "#d35400"),

('sinh', 9, 0, lambda: scientific_function('sinh')),

('cosh', 9, 1, lambda: scientific_function('cosh')),
('tanh', 9, 2, lambda: scientific_function('tanh')),
('log2', 9, 3, lambda: scientific_function('log2')),

19
 ('asin', 10, 0, lambda: scientific_function('asin')),
('acos', 10, 1, lambda: scientific_function('acos')),
('atan', 10, 2, lambda: scientific_function('atan')),
('rad', 10, 3, lambda: scientific_function('rad')),

('ceil', 11, 0, lambda: scientific_function('ceil')),

('floor', 11, 1, lambda: scientific_function('floor')),
('asinh', 11, 2, lambda: scientific_function('asinh')),
('acosh', 11, 3, lambda: scientific_function('acosh')),
]

# Add all buttons to the grid

for (text, row, col, cmd, *color_fg) in buttons:
color = color_fg[0] if color_fg else "#1f2833"
fg = color_fg[1] if len(color_fg) > 1 else "#66fcf1"
create_btn(text, row, col, cmd, color, fg)

# Grid configuration for resizing

for i in range(4):
root.grid_columnconfigure(i, weight=1)
for i in range(12):
root.grid_rowconfigure(i, weight=1)

# Menu Bar
menubar = Menu(root)
filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)

editmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)

editmenu.add_command(label="Clear", command=clear)
editmenu.add_command(label="Backspace", command=backspace)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=editmenu)

helpmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)

helpmenu.add_command(label="About", command=show_about)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)

root.config(menu=menubar)

root.mainloop()

20
OUTPUT

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 FUTURE SCOPE

The current project, though initially developed at a basic level, holds the potential for future
implementation with necessary adjustments and enhancements. Primarily, there are two
key modifications that can significantly enhance the project's usability and functionality.
Transitioning the interface to a touchscreen system would eliminate the requirement for
physical key presses, thereby improving user convenience and interaction. This would make
the project more intuitive and user-friendly. Ultimately, these modifications hold the
promise of elevating the project's capabilities, making it more accessible, efficient, and
adaptable to users' needs in the evolving technological landscape

The future scope of scientific calculators includes several exciting developments:

1. Integration with AI: Enhanced problem-solving capabilities with AI, providing step-
by-step solutions and explanations.
2. Cloud Connectivity: Access to online resources and databases, enabling complex
computations and data retrieval.
3. Interactivity and Visualization: Improved graphical displays for visualizing
functions, graphs, and 3D models.
4. Mobile and App Integration: Advanced calculator apps on smartphones, offering
portability and additional features like handwriting recognition.
5. Wearable Technology: Integration into wearable devices for quick calculations on
the go.
6. Education Tools: Enhanced tools for learning, including interactive tutorials and
augmented reality features.
7. Sustainability: Eco-friendly designs with solar power and recyclable materials.These
advancements will make scientific calculators moreversatile and user-friendly,
catering to both educational and professional needs.

22
 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORKES
Conclusion : The Scientific Calculator Application was successfully developed using Python
and Tkinter, offering a range of standard and scientific mathematical operations. Enhanced
functionalities such as two toggleable modes simple & scientific and history tracking is
implemented to improve user experience. This project provided hands-on exposure to GUI
design, event-driven programming, and modular development in Python. The calculator
proved to be efficient, accurate, and user-friendly, fulfilling all the predefined objectives of
the project.

Future Works : The Scientific Calculator Application will be further enhanced by

incorporating advanced mathematical features such as matrix operations and inverse
calculation. A graph-drawing module will be integrated to visualize mathematical functions
and equations for better understanding. To improve accessibility, future versions will be
developed as cross-platform mobile and web applications. Additionally, the user interface
will become more intelligent and customizable, offering dynamic themes, layout options, and
smart suggestions for solving complex expressions more efficiently.

23
 REFERENCE

1. Python.org

2.Building Modern GUIs with tkinter and Python: Building user-friendly GUI applications
with ease by Saurabh Chandrakar.

24