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Spring Boot Interview Notes

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28 views5 pages

Spring Boot Interview Notes

Uploaded by

Manasa P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Spring Boot Interview Notes

1. What is Spring Boot?


Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by:

- Providing auto-configuration

- Embedding servers (Tomcat/Jetty)

- Reducing boilerplate code

- Creating standalone applications

3. Types of Spring Annotations


Core Annotations:

- @Component: Generic component (bean)

- @Service: Service class (business logic)

- @Repository: DAO layer, handles database

- @Controller: Handles web requests

- @RestController: Combines @Controller and @ResponseBody

- @Configuration: Indicates Java-based configuration

- @Bean: Declares a bean in config class

- @Autowired: Auto-wires beans (Dependency Injection)

- @Qualifier: Helps choose between multiple beans

- @Value: Injects values from properties

- @RequestMapping, @GetMapping, @PostMapping: Handle HTTP requests

- @PathVariable: Gets variable from URL

- @RequestParam: Gets query parameter

- @RequestBody: Maps request body to Java object

- @ResponseBody: Sends Java object as HTTP response

- @ComponentScan: Scans for beans/components

- @EnableAutoConfiguration: Enables Spring Boot auto configuration


- @SpringBootApplication: Combines Configuration, EnableAutoConfiguration, and
ComponentScan

4. Spring MVC Architecture (Layers of Spring)


Layered Architecture:

- Controller Layer (@Controller/@RestController)

- Service Layer (@Service)

- DAO Layer (@Repository)

- Model Layer (Java classes)

- Database

Flow:

Client → Controller → Service → Repository → Database → back to Client

5. How Spring Boot Works (Step-by-Step Flow)


1. Main Class with @SpringBootApplication:

@SpringBootApplication

public class MyApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(MyApp.class, args);

2. Auto-Configuration: Based on dependencies

3. Embedded Server: Starts (Tomcat by default)

4. Bean Scanning: Detects and registers beans using @ComponentScan

5. REST Endpoints: Exposed via @RestController, @RequestMapping


6. Dependency Injection: @Autowired injects beans

7. Actuator (optional): Monitor metrics, health, etc.

🔁 Spring Boot Workflow (Step-by-Step)

1. Entry Point: Main Class


@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MyApp.class, args);
}
}

 @SpringBootApplication = Combines @Configuration,


@EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan.
 This class is the starting point.

2. Auto-Configuration

Spring Boot automatically configures beans based on the dependencies present in


pom.xml or build.gradle.

Example: If you add spring-boot-starter-data-jpa, it auto-configures JPA


(Hibernate).

3. Component Scanning

Spring Boot scans packages for annotations like:

 @RestController
 @Service
 @Repository
 @Component

It creates beans for them and puts them into the Spring IoC container.
🗄️ How Spring Boot Connects to a Database

1. Add JDBC/JPA Dependency

In pom.xml:

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. Configure application.properties or application.yml


spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=1234
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

3. Create Entity Class


@Entity
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String name;
}

4. Create Repository Interface


public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Long>
{}

5. Create a Service and Controller


@Service
public class StudentService {
@Autowired
private StudentRepository repo;

public List<Student> getAll() {


return repo.findAll();
}
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/students")
public class StudentController {
@Autowired
private StudentService service;
@GetMapping
public List<Student> getStudents() {
return service.getAll();
}
}

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