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Unit - 4 With Linux -Unix

The document provides an overview of the X Window System, a graphical user interface for distributed network environments, detailing its layered structure, including the X server and window managers like KDE and GNOME. It explains the functionalities and customization options available in KDE and GNOME, such as changing wallpapers, screensavers, and managing windows and desktop settings. Additionally, it includes instructions for installing and uninstalling software in Linux using terminal commands.

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2 views18 pages

Unit - 4 With Linux -Unix

The document provides an overview of the X Window System, a graphical user interface for distributed network environments, detailing its layered structure, including the X server and window managers like KDE and GNOME. It explains the functionalities and customization options available in KDE and GNOME, such as changing wallpapers, screensavers, and managing windows and desktop settings. Additionally, it includes instructions for installing and uninstalling software in Linux using terminal commands.

Uploaded by

disecek477
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit - 4

Layered structure of X windows


X window system provides display interface to user. X
window system gives graphical user interface which makes
use of system easy for user.
X windows system is an open source, cross platform,
client-server computer software system that provides a GUI
in distributed network environment.
Including unix, x window versions are also available for
other operating system.
The x window system was first developed in 1984, as a part
of project Athena, collaboration between stanford university
and MIT.X.ORG foundation.
X window system have following elements
1. X:
It provides framework to linux system. To work
properly its provides display, video, sound drivers, all
types of hardware’s configuration settings like
keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer etc. provides
graphical user interface to the user.
2. Windows Manager
Window manager handles all types of graphics through
which user will interact with system. Window manager
provides graphics of buttons, boarders, colors of
background etc.
The advantage of x windows is that, a particular part of
system can be changed by replacing relevant
component.
The best example of this concept is window manager,
which is essentially the component which controls the
appearance of windows and provides the means by
which user can interact with them.
Purpose of window manager:
Basic options such as window movement, resizing and
focus.
Virtual screen setting.
Window, tooltip behavior and pointer.
Special effect for window, desktop and menu animation.
Distinct background settings for desktops.
Extensive tooltip & popup help.
Keyboard shortcuts for nearly 80 actions.

2 windows managers are most widely used to set desktop


environment
(1) GNOME
(2) KDE
KDE
Introduction :
The KDE Control Center is the main dialog box through
which you can change numerous settings of your desktop,
get system information (such as the currently mounted
devices and capacities), or (if logged in as the root
operator) configure and control KDE's appearance,
background, fonts, and sessions for all users.
Click the Application Starter button on your desktop's panel,
and then click KDE Control Center to display the Control
Center dialog box.
Changing Your Desktop's Wallpaper

KDE comes with nearly 150 different wallpapers to fill


the root display or to fill your desktop's background.
To configure the current desktop's wallpaper, again
use the Control Center, then choose Look & Feel,
Desktop, then Background from the Modules menus.
You can also click a blank area of the desktop and
select the Configure Background menu item.
Additionally, you can click the Application Starter
button on the desktop panel and select Preferences,
Look & Feel, Desktop, then Background .

KDE wallpapers are in JPEG format and are stored


under the /usr/share/ wallpapers directory
Changing Your Screensaver

KDE comes with 20 different screensavers. To configure a screensaver for your KDE
desktop, click Preferences, Look & Feel, then the Screensaver menu item on the Panel
menu. You can also use KDE's Control Center.
The Screensaver dialog box, has a number of settings, such as the type of screensaver, the
time delay before activating the screensaver, a random setting to cycle through installed
screensavers, and whether you want to require a password to go back to work. After you
make your changes, click Apply; click OK to close the dialog box.

Changing Windows Actions


Click the Look & Feel, Windows Behavior, Actions menu item under the Control Center's
Modules menu. The dialog is used to set how windows are placed and to determine focus
policy.
The Focus Policy section tells KDE how to make a window active. The default action is
that you must click a window to activate it or enable it to receive keyboard input; other
policies make a window active when your mouse pointer is over the window
Changing Keyboard and Mouse
Settings
Click Keyboard from the Peripherals menu in the Control
Center's Modules menu to toggle keyboard character
repeat (repeated printing of a character when a key is held
down), and whether each key-press generates a key-click
sound. Click Apply when you finish with your selection.
You can also access keyboard and mouse settings through
the panel's Preferences menu or KDE's Control Center.
The Mouse dialog's Advanced tab lets you change how
fast your mouse cursor moves across the screen. To
change the sequence of mouse buttons for right- or
left-handed users, use the General tab.
Controlling the Cursor with the Keyboard

A new feature for KDE is the Accessibility dialog. This feature allows you to use
your computer's keyboard to move the mouse using the numeric keypad (laptop
users may find this a trifle inconvenient, but it works). Select the Module menu's
Personalization menu, then click the Accessibility menu item. Next, click the
Mouse tab in the dialog and click the Move Mouse with Keyboard (Using the Num
Pad) check box
GNOME (GNU Network Object Model
Environment
GNOME is a set of software libraries and X11 clients built to support an X11
desktop environment. GNOME can be used with any GNOME-aware window
manager or any window manager that will support its panel component and client
features, such as drag-and-drop desktop actions.
GNOME is initialized and runs before you start your window manager. Like KDE,
GNOME provides a rich user environment with application frameworks, a file
manager, a panel, a suite of applications with consistent look and feel, and session
management, so that a working desktop is restored between X11 sessions.
♣ The software is fully Open Source and commercial software may be built upon the
software without purchasing a software license.
♣ Contributions, changes, and modifications may be made without control by a central
source, and there are no licensing restrictions on making and distributing changes.
♣ The software supports multiple operating systems and external programming
languages.
GNOME control center :
You can radically change your desktop's appearance by selecting other controls, such as the
Theme Selector.
GNOME Panel Configuration
The panel is configured by clicking the Panel menu item on the panel's pop-up menu, or by
right-clicking a blank area of the panel.
You can create new panels on the top, bottom, left, or right edges of the display, and add or
remove menus, drawers (to contain launcher applets), icons, or other applications. If you
need a bit more screen real estate, click the Hide Panel button on either end of the panel to
minimize or maximize the panel.

The GNOME Panel is an application and menu launcher for the GNOME desktop. By
default, the panel is home for a number of important desktop elements, such as
♣ System menus for a dozen categories of clients, including menus for the AnotherLevel
window manager and KDE desktop
♣ GNOME help
♣ GNOME configuration
♣ Virtual desktop navigation through the GNOME pager
♣ A taskbar container for currently running applications
♣ The date and time
Configuring Your Desktop with the GNOME Control Center

The GNOME Control Center, configures your system and desktop. The Control
Center can be started by clicking the GNOME Configuration tool button on the
desktop panel, or by clicking the Panel menu, selecting Settings, and then clicking
the GNOME Control Center menu item.
For example, to configure your desktop's background, launch the Control Center
and then click the Background item, under the Desktop group in the left side of the
Control Center's window. The right side of the Control Center will clear, and you'll
have access to a dialog box to configure your desktop's background color or
wallpaper.
Desktop icons
The easiest way to enable desktop icons is to use
Gnome Tweak Tool. Run sudo apt-get install
gnome-tweak-tool, then launch Gnome Tweak
Tool from the Gnome Shell menu. It will be called
Advanced Settings.
Then, click on the Desktop button. Enable the
option that says "Have file manager handle the
desktop. Now, any files placed in the Desktop
folder inside your home folder should appear on
ther desktop.
Windows management by GNOME
Move windows to left/right side, bottom/top, center or
corner.
Move window to other screen.
Select focused window using the keyboard.
Application based window placement.
Install / Uninstall software
INSTALL SOFTWARE
press “Ctrl + Alt + T” to open a Terminal window.
use the “apt-get” command, which is the general
command for installing programs and
manipulating installed programs.
For example :
Sudo apt-get package_name
Enter your password when prompted and press
“Enter”.
You can also use the “dpkg” command to see a
list of all installed packages on your computer,
UNINSTALL SOFTWARE:
Type the following command at the prompt and press
“Enter”.
Dpkg –list
Scroll through the list of installed packages in the
Terminal window to find the one you want to uninstall.
Note the full name of the package.
To uninstall a program, use the “apt-get” command
with purg command.
For example , following command uninstalls gimp and
deletes all configuration files using –purg command.
Sudo apt-get –purg remove gimp.
Enter your password when prompted and press enter.
Assignment - 4
Q.no. Questions Marks
1 Write a short note on x-windows. 3
2 Explain windows manager with its purpose. 3
3 What is KDE? How KDE Works for following desktop properties: 5
(1) Desktop
(2) Screen saver
(3) Keyboard & mouse
(4) Cursor controlling

4 Write a short note on GNOME. 3


5 How to configure GNOME panel? 3
6 How GNOME works for desktop environment? 3
7 How to install & uninstall software in linux? 5

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