Spring Framework:

Why do we use spring?

 It is light weight & open source.
 It is complete end (applicable for all layers in application) & modular framework (applicable for
particular layer in application).
 We can achieve loose coupling.
 Non-invasive framework (doesn’t force to extend or implement any base class or interface).
 We can develop easy to test kind of applications.
 Which server Spring has by-default?
 Spring doesn’t have server, we need to add it externally.

List out the modules of spring?

There are total 6 modules in spring-
 Spring Core
 Spring Context/J2EE
 Spring DAO/JDBC
 Spring ORM
 Spring AOP
 Spring Web MVC

What is IOC in spring?

 IOC stands for Inversion of Control.
 It is heart of spring framework.
 It converts object from tight coupling to loose coupling which is achieved by dependency
injection.
 (Tight Coupling -> Change in one class forces to change in other (dependent) class Loose
Coupling -> Change in one class doesn’t forces to change in other (dependent) class)
 What are the types of Dependency?
 Primitive, Secondary and Collection.
 What is Dependency and what is Dependency Injection?
 Data member or properties are dependency and assigning values to those data member is
called as dependency injection.

What are the types of dependency injection (DI)?

 Setter based DI & Constructor based DI

Difference between Setter based and Constructor based?

Setter Based DI Constructor Based DI
It allows partial injection. It does not allow partial injection.
It overrides constructor based DI. It doesn’t override setter based DI.
It is mutable. It is immutable.
It increases line of code. It decreases line of code.

Inject Secondary reference injection bean file?

<bean id="e" class="com.demo.beans.Engine">
<property name="engineNumber" value="A123GAAG" />
<property name="modelYear" value="2018" />
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.demo.beans.Car">
<!-- passing reference of Engine class -->
<property name="engine" ref="e" />
<property name="carName" value="Honda" />
</bean>

Inject Primary and Secondary array injection bean file?

public class Engine {
private String modelYear; // primitive string
// generate getters and setters.
}
public class Car {
private String[] carNames; // primitive string array private Engine[] engines; // secondary string array
// generate setters.
}
In bean.xml file,
<bean id="c" class="com.demo.beans.Car">
<property name="carNames">
<list>
<value>Hindustan Moters</value>
<value>Tata Moters</value>
<value>Ashoka Leyland</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="engines">
<list>
<ref bean="e1" />
<ref bean="e2" />
<ref bean="e3" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>

How to inject values using List, Set and Map?

<bean id = "javaCollection" class = "com.example.JavaCollection">
<property name = "addressList">
<list>
<value>India</value>
<value>Maharashtra</value>
<value>Pune</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name = "addressSet">
<set>
<value>India</value>
<value>Gujrat</value>
<value>Surat</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name = "addressMap">
<map>
<entry key = "1" value = "India"/>
<entry key = "2" value = "Goa"/>
<entry key = "3" value = "Panaji"/>
</map>
</property>
</bean>

How to inject Vector from List hierarchy (write bean.xml)?

<property name="empName">
<util:list list-class="java.util.Vector">
<value>ABC</value>
<value>XYZ</value>
</util:list>
</property>
How to inject Hashset from Set hierarchy (write bean.xml)?
<property name="empId">
<util:set set-class="java.util.HashSet ">
<value>SO11</value>
<value>SO12</value>
</util:set>
</property>

How to inject Hashmap from Map hierarchy (write bean.xml)?

<property name="empIdName">
<util:map map-class="java.util. HashMap ">
<entry key="WO1" value="ABC" />
<entry key="WO2" value="GHI" />
<entry key="WO3" value="MNO" />
</util:map>
</property>

What are the types of Container?

 Bean factory (Core) Container & Application Context Container.

Difference between Bean Factory Container & Application Context Container?

Bean Factory Application Context
It is core or legacy container. It is advance container, it extends bean
factory & have additional advance
properties.
It is used to develop desktop based It is used to develop web based &
applications. desktop based applications.
It is lazy loading. It is eager loading.
It doesn’t support annotations. It supports annotations.

How to make Application Context Lazy loading?

 By using scope as Prototype, we can make application context to act as a lazy loading.

What are bean scopes?

There are five bean scopes.
  Singleton (same instance per IOC container)
 Prototype (any number of instances per IOC container)
 Request (Valid for Spring based applications, used for httprequest)
 Session (Valid for Spring based applications, used for httpsession)
 Global Session (Valid for Spring based applications, used for global httpsession)

What is autowiring?
 For injecting secondary type of dependency, we use autowiring.

How to enable Autowiring?

Add Spring context and <context:annotation-config /> in bean configuration file.
Include ‘AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor’ directly in bean configuration file.
<bean class =
"org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcess or"/>

What does autowire supports by-default?

 By-default autowire supports byType.

What is front controller?

 It is also known as Dispatcher Servlet.
 It manages entire process.
 It find appropriate class as per request.

What are Stereotype annotations? Explain them?

 @Controller: Identifies class as a controller class & marks it as a bean.
 @Service: Identifies class as a service class & tells it has business logic.
 @Repository: Identifies class as a dao layer class & tells it has a database connection.

Can we write @Repository for business logic class and @Service for dao logic class?
 Yes we can shuffle @Repository & @Service.
 It is just to understand other programmers to identify business logic class and dao layer
class.
 But we can’t replace @Controller class.

What are annotations used in spring?

@RequestMapping:
It is used at class level or method level.
It is used to map URL.
@RequestParam:
It brings single variable from client side.
E.g. Username, Password get from client side.
@ModalAttribute:
It brings complete POJO class from client side.
E.g. Registration form data from client side.

What is server side validations or spring validations?

Some annotations we can use as validations.
Annotations like-
 @NotEmptyValidation
 @SizeAnnotation
 @EmailAnnotation
 @NotNullAnnotation
 @Valid => Data from client side using request, then this checks data is as per validations or
not.