Internet and Related Terms

🔗 What is a Network?
 A Network is a group of two or more computers or devices connected to share
data, files, and internet connection.

 Networks can be:

o Wired networks – connected using cables.

o Wireless networks – connected using Wi-Fi signals.

 Used at home, school, offices, and labs.

📌 Example:
Your phone and laptop using the same Wi-Fi at home form a home network.

✅ What is the Internet?

 The Internet is a global network of connected computers.

 It allows users to communicate, search information, share files, and use online
services.

 The Internet connects homes, schools, offices, hospitals, and even governments.

 It works using wired (cable) and wireless (Wi-Fi) technologies.

📌 Example:
When you use Google Search, send emails, or watch YouTube – you are using the Internet.

🌐 What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

 The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system on the Internet that lets people see and
share websites.

 It is like a digital library where we can read, watch, and interact with many types
of content.

 The web uses web pages (written in HTML) that are linked to each other through
hyperlinks.

 You can use a web browser (like Chrome or Firefox) to visit web pages from around
the world.

Example:
When you search for something in Google and click on a result, you are using the World Wide
Web.

Know These Terms

1. 📌 URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
 A URL is the address of a web page.
 It tells the computer where to find the website you want.
  Example: https://www.wikipedia.org is the URL for Wikipedia's homepage.
 Just like your house has an address, each web page has a URL.

2. 📌 HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

 HTML is the basic code used to create web pages.

 It tells the browser what to show – text, images, videos, buttons, etc.

 Example: An HTML line like <h1>Welcome</h1> shows a big heading that says
"Welcome".

3. 📌 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

 CSS is a language used to style the webpage – like colors, fonts, layout.

 HTML builds the structure, and CSS makes it look nice.

 Example: If HTML says "This is a heading", CSS can say "Make the heading blue and
bold".

4. 📌 Web Browser
 A Web Browser is a software that lets you open and view websites.

 Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Microsoft Edge.

 When you type a URL in the browser, it shows you the website.

5. 📌 Web Server
 A Web Server is a special computer that stores websites and sends them to your
browser when asked.

 Just like a library stores books and gives them when asked, a web server stores web
pages.

6. 📌 HTTP and HTTPS

 HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol.

 It is the rule that helps your browser and the server communicate.

 HTTPS is the secure version – the "S" means Secure, so your data is safe.

 Example: Websites that involve money or login usually use HTTPS.

Working of World Wide Web (online result)

How Does the World Wide Web Work? (Simple Process)

Think of the WWW as a team where each member has a special job:
1. You open a Web Browser on your computer or phone.
2. You type a website address (URL) like www.wikipedia.org.
3. The browser sends a request to the Web Server that stores that website.
4. If the page contains dynamic content (like login details, product listings, or news
feeds), the Web Server contacts the Database Server to fetch or update data.
5. The Web Server combines the HTML and the data from the Database Server,
and sends the final web page to your browser.
6. The browser displays the page so you can see and use it.
✅ This whole process happens in just a few seconds!

🧩 Main Parts of the WWW and Their Roles

1. 🌍 Web Browser
📌 What is it?
A Web Browser is a software application used to open and view websites.
Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari
🧭 Role of the Web Browser:
 Sends a request to a web server when you type a URL.
 Receives HTML and other data from the server.
 Displays the webpage on your screen.
 Handles clicks, typing, scrolling, etc.
 Downloads images, styles, and scripts to complete the page.
 Protects users with privacy and security settings.
🧒 Simple Example: When you open YouTube in Chrome, the browser asks YouTube’s
server for the homepage and shows it to you.
2. Web Server
📌 What is it?
A Web Server is a special computer that stores websites and sends pages to users.
It runs software like Apache, Nginx, or Microsoft IIS.
🧭 Role of the Web Server:
 Stores website files (HTML, CSS, images, videos).
 Listens for browser requests.
 Finds the right page and sends it back.
 Can serve many users at once.
 Uses HTTPS to protect sensitive data.
 May also contact a Database Server if the page needs live data (like product prices
or user info).
🧒 Simple Example: When you visit www.amazon.in, Amazon’s web server sends the
homepage to your browser.

3. Database Server
📌 What is it?
A Database Server is a computer system that stores and manages large amounts of
data.
Websites that use user accounts, shopping carts, news updates, or search results
usually need a Database Server.
Examples of database software: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server.
🧭 Role of the Database Server:
 Stores dynamic content like usernames, passwords, orders, news, and comments.
 Sends data to the Web Server when needed.
 Allows inserting, updating, searching, and deleting data safely.
 Works in the background — users don’t see it directly, but it powers many features of
a website.
🧒 Simple Example: When you log in to Facebook, the Web Server checks your password
with the Database Server before letting you in.

4. 💻 HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

📌 What is it?
HTML is the coding language used to create web pages.
🧭 Role:
 Builds the structure of a web page.
 Defines elements like headings, paragraphs, images, and links.
 Works with CSS and JavaScript.
❗ Without HTML, the browser would not know what to show.
5. 🔗 HTTP / HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
📌 What is it?
HTTP is the set of rules used to send and receive information on the web.
HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP (with encryption).
🧭 Role:
 Helps browsers and servers talk to each other.
 HTTPS keeps data like passwords and banking info safe.

6. 🌐 The Internet
📌 What is it?
The Internet is the giant network that connects computers, servers, and browsers across
the world.
🧭 Role:
 Moves data between browser ↔ web server ↔ database server.
 Works like a digital highway for web communication.
🔄 Step-by-Step Flow of WWW (Including Database Server)

Ste What Happens

p

1 You type a URL into the web browser.

2 The browser sends a request to the web server.
3 If the page needs dynamic content, the web server asks the database server for
the needed data.
4 The web server prepares the HTML page, adds the data from the database, and
sends everything to the browser.
5 The browser displays the final webpage to you.

📌 Summary in Simple Words

 The World Wide Web lets you view websites using the Internet.
 A Web Browser sends a request to a Web Server.
 The Web Server may collect data from a Database Server.
 HTML builds the page, and HTTP/HTTPS sends the data.
 The Internet connects all these components.
📥 Downloading and 📤 Uploading
Downloading means receiving data from the internet to your
device.
o Example: If you download a song from a website to your computer, you are
copying it from a remote server to your local device.
o Once downloaded, you can use the file without the internet (offline).
o You can download different kinds of files like documents, images, videos,
software, etc.

Uploading means sending data from your device to the internet.

o Example: When you upload a photo to a social media site, you are sending
the file from your phone or computer to a server on the internet.
o Once uploaded, the file becomes available to others online.
o Uploading is important for sharing content, backing up data, and adding
information to websites and apps.

🌐 Services Provided by the Internet

🔍 Information Retrieval
 Information retrieval means searching for and getting information from the
internet.
 You use search engines like Google, Bing, or Yahoo to find information.
 These search engines show results based on the keywords you type.
 It helps in studying, researching, and staying updated.
 Example: If you want to know the benefits of a balanced diet, you can search it on
Google and get articles, blogs, or research papers.
 Some advanced search methods (like Boolean operators) help you get more
accurate results.

📚 Literature Search
 A literature search is a deep and planned search for published material (books,
journals, articles) on a specific topic.
 It is used mostly by students, researchers, and professionals.
 It helps to gather existing knowledge and to find what is not yet known.
 Online tools used for literature search include PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR.
 Example: A researcher studying a new medicine will do a literature search to find
earlier studies and trials about the drug.
 It makes sure that new research is based on strong past knowledge.
📧 E-Mail (Electronic Mail)
 E-mail is a method of sending messages through the internet using electronic
devices.
 It is fast, cheap, and allows you to communicate easily over long distances.
 Popular email services: Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo Mail.
 You can send:
o Text messages
o Documents
o Photos or files as attachments
 Example: You can email a colleague and attach a file for review.
 It is widely used in both personal life and professional work.

👥 Social Networking
 Social networking means using the internet to connect and interact with people.
 Websites like Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Twitter allow users to:
o Create profiles
o Share thoughts, pictures, and videos
o Stay in touch with friends, family, and co-workers
 These sites are used for both personal sharing and professional networking.
 Example: On LinkedIn, you can upload your resume, connect with professionals, and
search for jobs.

🎥 Video Conferencing
 Video conferencing means holding live, face-to-face meetings over the internet
using video and audio.
 Common tools: Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams.
 Used for:
o Online meetings
o Classes
o Medical consultations
o Family gatherings
 Features include:
o Screen sharing
o Virtual backgrounds
o Recording
 Example: A company may use Zoom to hold a remote team meeting with members
from different cities.
🤖 AI Tools for Learning
 AI tools for learning use Artificial Intelligence to offer personalized education.
 These tools adjust to your learning speed, style, and preferences.
 Example: Duolingo (for language learning) gives lessons based on your current level
and progress.
 Other AI learning tools act like intelligent tutors, giving feedback, quizzes, and
practice exercises.
 They help improve learning by making it interactive and customized.

🧠 Large Language Models (LLMs)

 Large Language Models are special AI programs trained on huge amounts of
text data.
 They can understand and create human-like language.
 They are used for tasks like:
o Text generation
o Translation
o Summarization
o Answering questions

AI TOOLS
🧠 AI Tools – Large Language Models (LLMs)
Tool Name Purpose Access Type

GPT-4 (OpenAI) Understands and generates natural Paid (ChatGPT Plus)

language; used in ChatGPT
BERT (Google) Used in Google Search for better Free (built-in)
understanding of queries
Claude (Anthropic) Conversational AI with focus on safe, Freemium
aligned outputs
LLaMA (Meta) Open-source model for research and Free (research use)
development
Gemini (Google Multimodal AI for reasoning and creative Freemium (with
DeepMind) tasks Google products)

📚 AI Tools for Learning and Education

Tool Name Purpose Access Type

Duolingo Language learning using AI-customized Freemiu

lessons m
Khanmigo (Khan AI tutor for students and teachers using GPT- Free
Academy) 4 (pilot)
Socratic (Google) Solves homework questions using scanned Free
inputs
 Quizlet Learn AI-powered flashcards and smart learning Freemiu
paths m
Knowji Vocabulary learning with audio and spaced Paid
repetition

✍️AI Tools for Writing & Content Creation

Tool Name Purpose Access Type

Grammarly Grammar correction and tone/style Freemiu

GO suggestions m
Jasper AI Generates long-form and marketing Paid
content
Copy.ai Creates ad copy, social captions, emails Freemiu
m
Writesonic Blog posts, product descriptions, web Freemiu
content m
Sudowrite Creative writing help and story Paid
generation

💬 AI Tools for Customer Support (Chatbots)

Tool Name Purpose Access Type

Zendesk Automates responses to common customer Paid

Answer Bot questions
Intercom Fin AI Handles support chats, FAQs, and Paid
conversation flow
Drift AI Conversational marketing chatbot Paid
Freshchat AI Helps businesses automate replies and Freemiu
Bot ticketing m
Tidio AI Chatbot for small business customer service Freemiu
m

🌍 AI Tools for Language Translation

Tool Name Purpose Access Type

Google Real-time text, voice, and image translation Free

Translate
DeepL High-quality translation with better context Freemiu
Translator m
Microsoft Multi-device and multi-language conversation Free
Translator support
Amazon Real-time translation for developers and Paid
Translate enterprises
 iTranslate Translate speech, text, and websites on Freemiu
mobile m

🎬 AI Tools for Video Editing & Generation

Tool Name Purpose Access Type

Runway AI video editing, object removal, text-to-video Freemiu

ML m
Pictory Convert text to video (great for YouTube shorts, Paid
explainers)
Lumen5 Turn blog posts into engaging videos Freemiu
m
Descript Edit videos using transcript; overdub voice Freemiu
m
Synthesi Create AI-generated presenter videos Paid
a

🎧 AI Tools for Audio Editing & Voice Generation

Tool Name Purpose Access Type

Auphonic Audio enhancement, noise leveling Freemiu

m
Adobe Podcast (Enhance Improve voice quality in recordings Free
Speech)
Crisp.ai Removes background noise in live Freemiu
calls m
Murf.ai AI voiceover generation from text Paid
Voicemod Real-time voice changer and sound Freemiu
effects m

AI Tools for Image Generation & Editing

Tool Name Purpose Access Type

Canva AI (Magic Background removal, smart image Freemiu

Edit) suggestions m
DALL·E (by Generate images from text prompts Freemiu
OpenAI) m
Remove.bg Automatically remove image Freemiu
background m
Let’s Enhance Image upscaling without losing quality Freemiu
m
Artbreeder Create and mix portraits and art styles Freemiu
m
🧰 AI Tools for Productivity & Work Automation
Tool Name Purpose Access Type

Notion AI Auto-generate content, summarize Freemiu

notes m
Trello with AI task automation within Trello Free
Butler
GrammarlyG Smart writing suggestions and tone Freemiu
O correction m
Reclaim.ai Smart scheduling and task time- Freemiu
blocking m
Motion AI-powered daily planner and task Paid
manager

📊 AI Tools for Data Analysis & Visualization

Tool Name Purpose Access Type

ChatGPT Advanced Data Analysis Analyze data files, make graphs, Paid (ChatGPT
(Code Interpreter) perform calculations Plus)
MonkeyLearn Text analysis and data classification Freemium
Tableau + Einstein AI AI-powered data visualization Paid
(Salesforce)
Google Sheets + GPT Extensions Use GPT inside spreadsheets Freemium
(like GPT for Sheets)
Power BI with Copilot (Microsoft) Data analysis with natural language Paid