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what is SQL ?

1. Sql Stands for structured query language

2. SQL let's you access and manipulation database

3. SQL become a Standard ISO and ANSI

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What can SQL do ?

1. SQL can execute query againts a database

2. SQL can retrieve data from in a database

3. SQL can insert record in a database

4. SQL can update record in a database

5. SQL can Delete record in a database

6. SQL can create database

7. SQL can create new table

8. SQL can create stored procedures in a database

9. SQL can create view in a database

10. SQL can set permission on tables, procedures, and views

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RDBMS = Relational Database Management System

RDBMS adalah suatu perogram yang melayani basis data yang entitas utamanya terdiri dari table - table

yang saling berelasi satu sama lain, suatu database terdiri dari banyak table

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Some of the most importan command SQL.

1. select

2. update

3. delete

4. insert into

5. create database

6. alter database

7. create table
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8. alter table

9. drop table

10. create index

11. drop index

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SELECT Command :

(untuk memilih colom mana yang ingin di munculkan)

SELECT Column1, Column2

FROM table_name;

(untuk memunculkan semua yg berisi dalam table)

SELECT * FROM Table_name;

(untuk mempersingkat query yang double)

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2

FROM table_name;

(untuk menghitung total record pada sebuah column)

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT column1) FROM table_name;

Note: The example above will not work in Firefox and Microsoft Edge!

Because COUNT(DISTINCT column_name) is not supported in Microsoft Access databases.

Firefox and Microsoft Edge are using Microsoft Access in our examples.

command workaround in ms Access:

SELECT COUNT(*) AS Distinctcountries

FROM (SELECT DISTINCT Country FROM Customers)

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(untuk mengextrak hanya kondisi - kondisi yang spesifik)

SELECT * FROM table_name

WHERE name_column='specified_value';

(untuk memanggil ID nilai yang kita ingin kan)

SELECT * FROM table_name

WHERE CustomerID=1;

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(AND)

SELECT * FROM table_name

WHERE Country='UK' and City='London';

(OR)

SELECT * FROM table_name

WHERE Country='UK' or Country='Mexico';

(NOT)

SELECT * FROM table_name

WHERE Not Country='UK';

(Combining AND , NOT)

SELECT* FROM table_name

WHERE NOT Country='UK' AND NOT Country='USA';

(Combining AND, OR)

SELECT * FROM table_name

WHERE Country='UK' AND (city='London' OR city='NYK');

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(ORDER BY digunakan untuk mensortir nilai dari sebuah table bisa dari atas(ASC) atau dari
bawah(DESC))

(DEFAULT)

SELECT * FROM table_name

ORDER BY Country;

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(ASC)

SELECT * FROM table_name

ORDER BY Country ASC;

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(DESC)

SELECT * FROM table_name

ORDER BY Country DESC;

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(Combine ASC n DESC)

SELECT * FROM table_name

ORDER BY Country ASC , City DESC;

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(INSERT INTO digunakan untuk menyisipkan atau menambahkan nilai pada suatu table)

INSERT INTO table_name(column1, column2, column3,..)

VALUES ('value1','value2','value3');

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(Operator in WHERE Clause)

= Equal

<> not Equal

> Greater Then

< Less Then

>= Greater Then equal

<= Less Then equal

BETWEEN

LIKE

IN

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(NULL di gunakan untuk mencari nilai yga kosong sama sebalikanya NOT NULL)

SELECT Column1,Column2,Column3 FROM table_name

WHERE Column3 is NULL;

SELECT Column1, Column2,Column3 FROM table_name

WHERE Column1 is NOT NULL;

(UPDATE untuk memperbarui suatu nilai yg ada di dalam column)

UPDATE table_name

SET Column1=Value, Column2=Value

Where Conditional;

UPDATE table_name

SET Column1=value, Column2=Value

WHERE ColumnID=1;

(multi update)

UPDATAE table_name

SET Name=jaka

WHERE ColumnCity='JKT';
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(update all)

UPDATE table_name

SET name=jaka

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(DELETE untuk menghapus table)

DELETE FROM table_name

Where Column2=Value;

Delete all

DELETE FROM table_name;

atau

DELETE * FROM table_name;

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(SELECT TOP untuk membatasi berapa bnyk yg akan di tampilkan)

SELECT TOP 3 * FROM table_name ;

atau

SELECT TOP 30 PERCENT * FROM table_name;

atau

SELECT * FROM table_name

LIMIT 3;

atau

SELECT * FROM table_name

WHERE ROWNUM <= 3;

atau ADD clause like below

SELECT TOP 3 * FROM table_name

Where country='jakarta';

atau
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SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT * FROM table_name

Where Country='jakarta';

atau

SELECT * TOP table_name

WHERE country='jakarta'

LIMIT 3;

atau

SELECT * TOP table_name

WHERE country='jkt' and NUMROW <= 3;

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(SQL MIN() MAX() untuk menentukan jumlah terkecil dan terbesar)

SELECT MIN(column1) as minColumn1

FROM table_name;

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SELECT MAX(column2) as maxColumn2

FROM table_name;

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(SQL Count, AVG, SUM)

SELECT COUNT(numID)

FROM penjualan;

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SELECT AVG(pengeluaran)

FROM penjualan;

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SELECT SUM(income)

FROM penjualan

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SQL LIKE

WHERE CustomerName LIKE 'a%' Finds any values that start with "a"

WHERE CustomerName LIKE '%a' Finds any values that end with "a"

WHERE CustomerName LIKE '%or%' Finds any values that have "or" in any position

WHERE CustomerName LIKE '_r%' Finds any values that have "r" in the second position

WHERE CustomerName LIKE 'a_%_%' Finds any values that start with "a" and are at least 3 characters
in length

WHERE ContactName LIKE 'a%o' Finds any values that start with "a" and ends with "o"

SELECT * FROM Customers

WHERE Cuntractname Like 'a%';

SELECT * FROM Customers

WHERE Contractname Not Like 'a%';

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(SQL IN dan NOT IN untuk mensortir)

SELECT * FROM Customers

WHERE Country in(malay, indo, singapure);

SELECT * FROM Customers

WHERE Country NOT IN (malay, indo, singapur);

SELECT * FROM Customers

WHERE Country in (SELECT * FROM Supplayer);

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(SQL BETWEEN )

SELECT * FROM Product

WHERE Price BETWEEN 20 AND 30;

SELECT * FROM Product

WHERE Price NOT BETWEEN 20 AND 30;

SELECT * FROM Products

WHERE ProductName BETWEEN 'Carnarvon Tigers' AND 'Mozzarella di Giovanni'

ORDER BY ProductName;

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