Page No.

Date

INOEX
Expeiment Hawme. IeKDeimpnt sutb T
date s
L To stud y psB moduaie 3lo4122Zol4|23
DOt mine its modulafiou
factor e poue 5ideband
2 To study teqeny modulate 2olo4|2>27lot (z 1
l detomine i s moduatien
tactot
o study Pnm by Sample 21| of I2so4| S(3
and Hold ciuit
4
|posiHen mmodtatie
G To study pueode 83l2325|sk
modalati ee demodulatie
tehnQue
6-To study delta modeatiodssls3|1&|3
l2 de modulatien techige
7stud mprtude shikt loi23|0a|
Uotieu
de modulati e
phase shft |8(6|23|s L62
Keyig
elight
 PROJECT WORK

DATE
NAND

Expriment no- l
Dbceck - To shudy DSB modlaon ad
deBemine ts tactor and poue in
Side band
Appaats wed- Training kitl sT -220|)<Ro
Cennecting probes
pAmpli tude modlatiu: In amplitude modulak
Qmpitude
in cCor dan ce uit
ampltude o the moduling signad ocmeSsoge
Signal but th% eq " af catoue temains lonatau
Em s (Eet Em Sin mt) Sin wet
Ee Ae Sin wet ’ CaUUeI Waue
em = Am Sin Lunt

modulaita fcto-The amoont ky uich

ampitude ok fhe caxieywae
increases or decro ses depends en the ampitude ok
intox mati gnn silgnal and is called modulatig
madlatie Nmax Vmin
tactor Vmax tUmin

Ec
SAND
 Amputude.

1 meA ge signal
Time

ampytude,

Arm putude moduloted s1al

(Arn +Ae

am plitude,
 PROJECT WORK

DATE eeeeeseeeeeueuuee
NAND

Calculaten

Rower n berth ide Bands isgye by.

Ac ’Peak ampitude.
Pe -

Rest-Ahe modulatien factor is

and power in side bend ú
Precauien
The initial canditien mwt be ensuied ente
boutd tbekore stating tne expeimet
The cR"mut bf adfustd prope1
opotati
ttie
on and vizion béÇore yecoxding
esut
3: k
ng shold be tata key Caie

NAND
Ampitudo.

message Sn gnas

Time

Am plitude casiY Simal

Time

foequene mociulatl
 PROJECT WORK

DATE oeeeeesesreee

NAND

&peximent -2
To study frequency madaien o
Dbyect - detomine' its modu lotiem tactor

Apprats wwed- Ttaining kit(st -2101),CRo,

Cannectin probes, Dc.powei suelye
Thepry
frequency madulatiên frequenCy mod1latien
angte modulotien in uwich the jin tan tanpous
`hespect to"rmassege signal .
fi feke mt)
f ’ intan taneOUs teqUency
fe
fequencs aensii vity a molat'su
vo (iage snal e mesAge a1gnal
mt) AmCo 2T fmt
SC+) = Ae tos (2T fe+ tt 27T kË)
fm transmi tier -
fm waye Centojns an intjite
numbon
mpd okside banotoequeVore, Horsinu söidal
modui uteHp ene 1ore'the reguted band
YVD
uidth or tansmlfing sucM S19-na
 PROJECT WORK

DATE eeeeeeeeeeseeeees

NANID

GnenoatHen f Fm wave
ùIndiOCt method a et metod

Indinec me thod NayoOw bend tieq modulaed 4

ware i fuut proiced be
moing the coUSN Mave by ose band s19nal
+)

Diet mehod The c a ieN greq: is ditetly

n qccord n e uith the
VCO
input base band signal' py
Ae Soue at
Ohsevai en- Stgnal provided by Ac
input o fm modulator gneate
ATEqVeey modulatCn wave at outpt
nodwafed wave obse1ved On oscilotor

aput sint.
wavekort
Result- The fteqUney modulatetobtainedl
heUed Qhd trace

j check all the connecti ng uiHe

Pse cati eu.
be<ore suitching nhit
2 Al the connecieuy should be figt
shoutd k the Ameltude o audio p
3we
to approximate'a reqvency ot
SAAND
 NAND

Analgt
Tnpt

Hod
Cqpaci to

Sanple hold output

VA
 PROJECT WORK
DATE
NAND

ExpeiOnt-3
Obect -To study pulse Cnplitud e modutadio
bs sample and hold cincit

Appratus Repuined- Training Kit [sT-2ol, eRO

(20 ut)Comnecing pObes.
Thenry- The pulse amplitude modaigusysBtm
» wheHe the ttain o puse caoiespondi n
to the sample of eoch sighal is modudated Utn
ampitude in acor dance Vuith the sngral itselk
Sample and Hold autput- If the pulse uida
sed in ratual samping' ansio1
angio1 pue tain.
made vey short a
Cem pated to the pule Vperod, the natuta)
Pem isiele1ed to as instan-faneous PA m
shorte p°lse s desiros for dlsujng manye
Sianal to be includ o in TÖMAfmat bd
the pese can be tguy rortupteð by noise
due to deue Signal powe Gne way to
roain tain eas habte ienotgy is to hold th
Sample

AND
 PROJECT WORK
DATE

0b 5evai n
The aodwated wave fom
Pwm o Ppm 1e obseved orn CRo

Reglt- The sam Ple

A

Precautim

3 Codi brafem must be proper

Boss
 mecdang

Rignal7

Samping

t
 PROJECT WORK
DATE

Expeximont 4
Obrect - To study pulse wth modulatien and
pulae p0%1fi Ba naedulatiem
Appavntuw wed. Tajnrg kit+[ sT- 2110), CRo(2oma)
Cennecking probe,
Theory
Pube uidth moulatien - In this type moduk.
Hnthe udh af
Lpuse modulatin cavier signal s varied ia
a ccordance wuith the in Stan fa neous volweof
Gp amplitude mesage óinal
Puulse positien modula in- In this moduat, ve
the positi en o
dante uth the pse instananeu
aluea esage Y modilaling signal

Boss
 PROJECT WORK
DATE

Obseavain
The pulse ampli tude moduatio
ave4orm s genetatd and' taces f obBained
by cKo
Resulk- The sampled mavetom ok puse
modlatem n taced n 4hetrace
papen
Precaution

Comnecti en muyt be probot.

2 T&aces must he taken i tn Care
ai brati n mut be pope

Boss>
 Arlog LPF Samplen
Sgral

honnel
Regenenaive Tepe qten
gemocdive

Regenetiom Deroden Regenenation

Ciscuit

Deatinaien

Block diagnar ot PCM

 PROJECT WORK

DATE

Sxpeç ment 5

|Dbgcd- To studu pube code modulaion

Qrd demodilatien technique.
Aeparat, whed- Tiaining kit (8T- 2103),CRO,
Connecie probe:
Theory- In Pcm ysem, the qmplitude ef the
Sampled waveosm at detinite ime
inteya s repreA0ed iarS Q binauy code The
Qralng signa) ià tust sampled according +o
the n y ist Ci euq It tates
athu oeprodllct tn othe çnmi ted sitnal
the sampu ngHate mst ×e d leat tui te
he

Samplng ca
The 4he alpcated biny
Sam ple valwe in
Codes which dejnes a naUOW
naULOW AOVR
ampitude vow?.
each binauy wLDrdthe deings
Sonple
paH
then
ulr
Ampli tude evel
qAqned a Code co respond
kePond Ao the
ampliuole tevel is then toansmitteo

Boss
 PROJECT WORK
DATE

Resutt 1he pulje code o modulaioa

Qnd de ynodulai s nas been
Studied.
M

Donlt make g Loose (onnecH aa

2
Check the eonnectiGs tbe fore pow n
Suppl

Boss
 I- bit DM utpu
ped Quctiren

Accum ulato y
Delay

Inat

rumulatY
Del ay

Delt anol Demodulaieu

 Page No.,
Date

Epei ment No- 6

Obgect- The study a de lta molai a
and de moduai fechnique
Appatatu Ad- TRainirg Ki+(sST -2105),C Ro
cDnnectag probes
Theore -
Delta nodula im
Delta
pro Qe9s C dital modulati n techniQue
developed ofYer
aftei pulse
Pulse code modlat
In thi seme at eaoh samping ime
Say the kth Samping time ck-) the
doene tetueeu tnol sam ple voloe at
Sam ping times Kand the samling time
k-) encoded into Just 'a Sing brt
Dperatton ot belta madulaton -
The analog signal which úto be eucods
Linto tht digitalddto is apied to the inpt
volta ge the mpauator whicu
Ca mpdTes Uft withthe previOus yalue
the
bit Lod oqccording
(Delight
 Pnge No.
Date

Result
Delta modulat on qndldemodwatioy
hay beon studed 9 efteco o Slope oveH
(oad h been obsorved
Preceut em
Cemneeti&y qhold be tight
Cenneetiyhould
2: mako the
Tracing shoud ae done Cate uly

Delight
 Input binay Sequen

-{V
Ask Modulatd Owtput Wave

Sinvsoids
Carnis
Unipolan
binangy Srquence
Ask Wavefsrm henenaor.
 Page No
Date

Enpeiment-7
Obgect Keystudy o AmpiBude shting
modatot a Demodeldo
Ape ataty wed
s.te Ar atat Ahme ST'-}o6scietea
specij atons uwantity
2
1
Training
CRO
Rit 2om tt Se pntecu
1

3
Coinnecting pobes
Theory -
To ttgn s mit
mit digtal data
place othen wel have to chose the.
e medion. Tt can nethey
be diety 5ent to the mediva nor
ovete an e nna, be case qntenng
PaciCal si2e wbsk s on vey
reouences much wgue'thon
ol shta we
need to modulate thec e inau
phase ot krequency or am pli tude
keeping othey tenstan alsb neËe
in accódanee wuith the messg

(Delight
 Page No
Date

Result
The study o nsk_moduaio
and de modlatl em i Lonpleteol
Precauiem
bont wa ke Lsose Lonneet e
2 cheak the conneetion 3efote '&uitelt
Suppus
3 check el the fault s utel ca

Delight
 Canie
rea
Betore
Modula

caien
t
Modhion

’t
 Page Nio
Dste

&xperiment -

Qbyect- Study phase shift keying

modulattr Gnd dem odulato
ApparatuA ud
w Training pit lST-2106),CRO
8 bit vaio ble data
Theory- phase 5hikt keying involve the phase
Chong e o the Casuuer sine wave
hetueen o 180tn acos dance wuth the
dota stoeam to be tran Snitted Psk i
known a phase revosal Keyig
Psk n also Known as phase se vELS
Keyirg Psk modulati s Simi lal to
multd plng tne cauei uuitn modudating
CaUcÍ tth the modulating signdl
gut in cGmt°ast to fsk techigu ttein
toding te chnique applitd +o the input
Seqilence is bipola when the modulaig
T moduulator
q Sine woyp ioa S
sine wayf in phase wuth Caiey
when The jnput negatiue voHage 1e

Delight
 Page No.
Date

Result- The study of psK modwostor

ard cdegouator ciit done
qnd the respectve wave 0rm Shou
Precauhem

L ponot ma ke sose cOnn eeti

2 chek the Conneci n therefore Suj teh
pooeSyppy
3) check the suitch aut caUfu

Delight