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L04 - Conditional Execution

The document outlines the concept of conditional execution in programming, focusing on various selection constructs such as if statements, if-else statements, multi if statements, and nested if statements. It explains the use of relational expressions and operators to evaluate conditions, along with providing example code snippets for clarity. The lecture emphasizes how these constructs control the flow of a program based on true or false evaluations.

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Ameer Hamza
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5 views16 pages

L04 - Conditional Execution

The document outlines the concept of conditional execution in programming, focusing on various selection constructs such as if statements, if-else statements, multi if statements, and nested if statements. It explains the use of relational expressions and operators to evaluate conditions, along with providing example code snippets for clarity. The lecture emphasizes how these constructs control the flow of a program based on true or false evaluations.

Uploaded by

Ameer Hamza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-4

Conditional Execution
Dr. Abdul Hameed

Opverse - Tech
Objectives

▪ Explain the Selection Construct


- If Statement
- If – else statement
- Multi if statement
- Nested if statement
Relational expressions
• The <condition> used in an if or if/else statement
• These conditions are called relational expressions.
• Relational expressions use one of the following six relational operators:
Operator Meaning Example Value

== equals 1 + 1 == 2 true

!= does not equal 3.2 != 2.5 true

< less than 10 < 5 false

> greater than 10 > 5 true

<= less than or equal to 126 <= 100 false

>= greater than or equal to 5.0 >= 5.0 true


Conditional Statement
▪ Conditional statements enable us to change the flow of the program

▪ A conditional statement evaluates to either a true or a false value


Example :
To find whether a number is even or odd we proceed as follows :
1. Accept a number
2. Find the remainder by dividing the number by 2
3. If the remainder is zero, the number is “EVEN”
4. Or if the remainder is not zero the number is “ODD”
Selection Constructs

C supports two types of selection statements

The if statement

The switch statement


The if statement

Syntax:

If the if expression evaluates to true, the block following


the if statement or statements are executed
The if statement
Program to display the values based on a condition
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, y; Example
char a = ‘y’;
x = y = 0;
if (a == ‘y’)
{
x += 5;
printf(“The numbers are %d and \t%d”, x, y);
}
if – else statement

Syntax:
if – else statement

▪ If the if expression evaluates to true, the block


following the if statement or statements are executed

▪ If the if expression does not evaluate to true then the statements


following the else expression take over control

▪ The else statement is optional. It is used only if a statement or a


sequence of statements are to be executed in case the if
expression evaluates to false
if – else statement
Program to display whether a number is Even or Odd
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num , res ;
Example
printf(“Enter a number :”);
scanf(“%d”,&num);
res = num % 2;
if (res == 0)
printf(“Then number is Even”);
else
printf(“The number is Odd”);
}
if–else–if statement
Syntax:
if–else–if statement

▪ The if – else – if statement is also known


as the if-else-if ladder or the if-else-if
staircase
▪ The conditions are evaluated from the top
downwards
if–else–if statement
Program to display a message based on a value
#include <stdio.h>
Int main()
{
int x;
x = 0;
printf(“Enter Choice (1 - 3) : “);
Example
scanf(“%d”, &x);
if (x == 1)
printf (“\nChoice is 1”);
else if ( x == 2)
printf (“\nChoice is 2”);
else if ( x == 3)
printf (“\nChoice is 3”);
else
printf (“\nInvalid Choice “);
}
Nested if

▪ The nested if is an if statement, which is placed


within another if or else
▪ In C, an else statement always refers to the
nearest if statement that is within the same
block as the else statement and is not already
associated with an if
Nested if
Syntax:

▪ Note that the inner else is associated with if(exp3)


▪ According to ANSI standards, a compiler should
support at least 15 levels of nesting
Nested if
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int x, y;
x = y = 0;
printf (“Enter Choice (1 - 3) : “);
scanf (“%d”, &x);
Example
if (x == 1)
{
printf(“\nEnter value for y (1 - 5) : “);
scanf (“%d”, &y);
if (y <= 5)
printf(“\nThe value for y is : %d”, y);
else
printf(“\nThe value of y exceeds 5 “);
}
else
printf (“\nChoice entered was not 1”);
}

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