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Linux- Basic Commands

The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands and user types, including root and local users. It details commands for file management, user switching, and text editing, along with explanations of the Linux file hierarchy. Additionally, it covers the usage of the Vim editor and various file operations such as copy, move, and search.

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TAIYABA FATHIMA
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5 views5 pages

Linux- Basic Commands

The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands and user types, including root and local users. It details commands for file management, user switching, and text editing, along with explanations of the Linux file hierarchy. Additionally, it covers the usage of the Vim editor and various file operations such as copy, move, and search.

Uploaded by

TAIYABA FATHIMA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux- Basic commands

Status check of instance


0/2 → hardware issues
1/2 → software issues
2/2 → all okay

Prompt :
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-81-230 ~]$

1. ec2-user → username → dynamic

2. @ → separation symbol

3. hostname → aws → private IP → static

4. ~(home directory of user)→ tild sign → present working directory

5. represent type of user → $ (local user) , #(root user)

Types of user in Linux


1. root user

2. local user

3. super-user

4. system user

Commands
su - root / sudo -i → switch user to root

pwd → to show present working directory

clear → to clear terminal

whoami → display username

logout → to exit from current terminal

Linux- Basic commands 1


which <command_name> → which pwd → it shows path of the command file

forward slash → represent Directory


/ec2-user/data/
/home → 2 dir(/ , home)
/home/ec2-user/ → 3(/, home, ec2-user)

Basic commands
touch → to create files

echo → to print strings

mkdir → to create a directory

rm → to remove files

cd → to change directory

man → manual pages of commands

cat → to read files

ls → to list files in present working directory

rmdir/ rm -r → to remove directory

rmdir -p <full_path> → to remove full parental directory

rm -r <dir_name> → to remove full parental directory

rm -rf → remove files and directory forcefully

Copy + paste → cp
/ → home → ec2-user → shared
|
terminal.txt
syntax : cp <source-path-of-file> <destination-dir>

1. cp terminal.txt shared/ → copy files at destination directory

Linux- Basic commands 2


2. cp fruits.txt shared/fruits1.txt → rename file while copying at destination

3. cp *.txt txt/ → copy all files ends with .txt

4. cp -r txt/ shared/ → to copy directory

cut + paste → mv
syntax : mv <source-path-of-file> <destination-dir>

1. mv ls.txt aws/ → to move files at destination directory

2. mv <old_file_name> <new_file_name> → to rename files/dir

3. mv /home/ec2-user/aws/ /home/ec2-user/cpp/ → to move compete dir with


it’s content (mention full path)

file filter operations


1. grep → to filter

- ls -ltr | grep "shared"


- cat cp.txt | grep "recursive"

1. locate → to search files


- sudo updatedb
-locate fruits.txt

Editors
1. vi → vim

2. nano

3. gedit

Vim editor
1. command mode → insert mode → press “i”

2. insert mode → command mode → press “ ecs”

3. visual mode

save + exit → :wq (w-write changes, q -quite)


without save + exit → :q!

Linux- Basic commands 3


command mode
shift + g → jump from top to bottom

gg → jump from bottom to top


/word → to search word from top to bottom, press n for next

?word→ to search word from bottom to top, press n for next

:%s/old_word/new_word : replace the word


u → undo files

ctr + r → redo file

x → delete the character where cursor is present

r → replace single character


dd → to delete the line

:e! → to undo all the changes

v → to enter into visual mode → select data

shift + v and right arrow → to select single character


y → copy selected text

p → to paste the line below the cursor is present

shift + p → to paste the line above the cursor is present

cut + paste → (dd , p)


copy + paste → (y , p)

press 15 + dd

:set nu → set number

:set nonu → to remove number


:100

File hierarchy
/ → top-level directory/ main directory/ root-level directory

/bin → contains all the commands → local user

/sbin → contains all the commands → root user

Linux- Basic commands 4


/home → home directory of local user

/root → home directory of root user

/etc → all configuration file

/dev → device related files


/lib → 32 bit archi

/lib64 → 64 bit archi

/boot → booting files

/mnt → partition mount files


/sys → system related files

/usr/ → user related files

/srv → service related files

/var → log, mail, cron


/tmp → deleted files

/opt → optional files

/proc → all ps files

/run → all running files


/media → detachable devices files

Linux- Basic commands 5

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