Sowing seeds of knowledge

SHIVANI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

TIRUCHIRAPALLI-620009

DEPARTMENT OF BIO MEDICAL ENGINEERING

LED CONTROL SYSTEM

Team member:

1. SAKTHIVEL.S
2. SANTHOSH.D
3. NAVEEN.V
4. NITHISH.P
5. NITHISH.P

ABSTRACT:
LED control system allows for precise manipulation of light colour and
intensity by adjusting the intensity of individual LEDs within a fixture.

These systems often employ pulse-width modulation (PWM) to control

the power delivered to each LED, enabling a wide range of colours and
brightness levels.

Neural networks and lookup tables are sometimes used to optimize

colour rendering, especially in the presence of ambient light.

OBJECTIVES:
 simulating a basic LED blinking circuit, creating diverse LED patterns
(e.g., sequential lighting, chasing patterns), and demonstrating the
ability to control LED colour and brightness, all while using the
Wokwi simulator to achieve these outcomes.
1. Hardware Setup:
● LEDs: You'll need multiple LEDs to create patterns. Each LED will need
a resistor (typically 220 ohms) to limit current, and they will be connected
to the Arduino's digital pins.

● Breadboard: A breadboard makes it easy to connect the LEDs,

resistors, and Arduino without soldering.

● Arduino Uno: This will be the microcontroller that controls the LEDs.

● Jumper Wires: These connect the components together.

● Optional: RGB LEDs: For color control, use an RGB LED or multiple
LEDs in different colors (red, green, blue).

2. Wiring:
● Connect LEDs to Arduino Pins:
Each LED's positive (longer) leg should be connected to a digital pin on
the Arduino (e.g., pin 13, 12, 11). The negative (shorter) leg should go to
ground (GND) through a resistor.
● Connect Resistors:
Place a resistor (e.g., 220 ohms) in series with each LED to limit current.
● Connect Ground:
The negative legs of the LEDs and the resistors should be connected to
the GND (ground) pin on the Arduino.

DESCRIPTION:
 connect the LEDs to the Arduino digital or analog pins,
program the Arduino to turn the LEDs on and off (or adjust their
brightness using PWM), and then write code to implement the
desired patterns.

1. Wiring the LEDs:

● Connect to Ground:
Connect the cathode (shorter leg) of each LED to the ground (GND) rail
on the breadboard.

● Connect to Digital Pins:

Connect the anode (longer leg) of each LED to a digital pin on the Arduino
via a resistor. A 220 Ohm resistor is a good starting point for most LEDs.
● Power:
Connect the 5V pin on the Arduino to the red (+) power rail and the GND
pin to the black (-) ground rail on the breadboard.

SCOPE & FEATURES:

To control LEDs with an Arduino Uno and simulate different patterns and
colours, you'll need to connect LEDs to the Arduino's digital pins and
then write code to control them. You can create various patterns like
blinking, sequential lighting, and eve To control LEDs with an Arduino
Uno and simulate different patterns and colours, you'll need to connect
the LEDs to the Arduino's digital pins, write code to control the LEDs, and
potentially use libraries for features like colour mixing and more complex
patterns.

1. Hardware Setup:
 ● LEDs: You'll need a series of LEDs, each with a resistor connected to a
digital pin on the Arduino.
● Resistors: Resistors limit the current flowing through the LEDs,
preventing them from burning out.
● Breadboard: A breadboard provides a convenient way to connect the
components.
● Jumper wires: These connect the components on the breadboard.

2. Basic LED Control:

● Pin Mode: In your code, you'll declare the digital pins connected to the
LEDs as outputs.
● Digital Write: Use digitalWrite() to turn the LEDs on (HIGH) or off
(LOW).
● Delay: Use delay() to introduce pauses between LED state changes,
creating blinking or other patterns.

3. Simulating Patterns:

● Sequential Control: You can turn the LEDs on one by one, creating a
chasing effect.
● Blinking: Toggle the LED states on and off repeatedly.
● Fading: Use analogWrite() on PWM-capable pins to vary the
brightness of the LEDs, creating fade effects.
● Patterns and Animations: Combine different LED state changes and
delays to create complex patterns and animations.

4. Simulating Colours:
● RGB LEDs:
RGB LEDS (RED, GREEN, BLUE) CAN BE CONTROLLED BY ADJUSTING THE INTENSITY OF
EACH COLOUR CHANNEL.

● PWM Control:
Use analogWrite() on the pins connected to the RGB LED's colour
channels to create different colour combinations.
● Libraries:
Libraries like FastLED can simplify controlling large numbers of LEDs and
creating complex effects.
n simulate different colours using LEDs.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT :

To control LEDs with an Arduino Uno and simulate different patterns and
colours, you'll need a LEDs, resistors, and a suitable Arduino IDE
sketch. The system requirements include an Arduino Uno, LEDs,
resistors to limit current, and a breadboard to connect components. The
Arduino will be the input for the LEDs, which will be the output, creating
various patterns and colours.

Hardware requirement:
Arduino Uno: The microcontroller that will control the LEDs.
LEDs: Light emitting diodes to display light.
Resistors: 220 Ohm or appropriate value to limit current through the
LEDs.
Breadboard: For easy wiring and connecting components.

Software requirement:
Arduino IDE: The software used to write and upload the code to the Arduino.
Arduino Uno-compatible computer: To connect the Arduino and upload the
code.

Input and Output:

Input:
⮚ Arduinouno board
⮚ Multicolour LEDs
⮚ Resistors

Output:
LEDs light up based on the Arduino's digital output signals.
 Patterns and colours are created by controlling the state (ON/OFF) and
brightness (PWM) of the LEDs.

Applications:
● Lighting Systems: Multicolor LED control systems are used in a wide range of lighting
applications, including architectural lighting, stage lighting, and home lighting.
● Displays: LED displays often use multicolor LEDs to create a variety of colors and
patterns.
● Therapeutic Applications: Some research focuses on using multicolor LEDs for
therapeutic purposes, such as light therapy for certain medical conditions.

Advantages :
● Wide Color Range: They can produce a vast array of colors.
● Energy Efficiency: LEDs are highly energy-efficient compared to traditional light
sources.
● Durability: LEDs are generally more durable and have a longer lifespan than traditional
bulbs.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
flowchart:

The image shows an Arduino Uno board connected to an LED matrix

circuit. The LED matrix consists of 12 LEDs arranged in a 3x4 grid, each
connected to a resistor. The resistors are connected to digital output pins
on the Arduino board, while the LEDs are connected to the ground. This
setup allows the Arduino to control each LED individually, creating various
lighting patterns.
CODE AND RESULT SUBMISSION:
1.CODE SUBMISSION:

1 void setup() {

2 // put your setup code here, to run once:

3 pinMode(1, OUTPUT);

4 pinMode(2, OUTPUT);

5 pinMode(3, OUTPUT);

6 pinMode(4, OUTPUT);

7 }

9 void loop() {

10 // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

11 digitalWrite(1, HIGH);

12 digitalWrite(2, LOW);

13 digitalWrite(3, HIGH);

14 digitalWrite(4, LOW);

15 delay(1000);

16 digitalWrite(1, LOW);

17 digitalWrite(2, HIGH);

18 digitalWrite(3, LOW);

19 digitalWrite(4, HIGH);

20 delay(1000);
21 }

FINAL PROJECT PICTURE:

CONCLUSION:
LED control system should enable precise and reliable colour mixing and
brightness adjustment, offering various control methods and applications,
and ensuring stability and efficiency.

It involves controlling the intensity of individual colour components (e.g.,

red, green, blue) to achieve desired colours.

This can be done through techniques like pulse width modulation (PWM)
or constant current reduction (CCR).

A well-designed multiple colour LED control system provides precise colour

mixing, brightness adjustment, and control methods, offering versatility and
efficiency.

It can be implemented with various hardware and software components,

addressing different challenges and considering factors like colour
consistency, power efficiency, cost, and reliability.

REFERENCE:

https://wokwi.com/projects/430271373836298241