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UGC NET Logical Reasoning Quick Notes

The document provides a quick revision guide for UGC NET Paper 1 on Logical Reasoning, covering key concepts such as the structure of arguments, types of reasoning, syllogisms, and common logical fallacies. It also includes a categorical proposition table and tips for exam preparation. Additionally, it touches on Indian logic and the use of Venn diagrams to represent logical relationships.

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Mahi Sanjay Panchal
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18 views2 pages

UGC NET Logical Reasoning Quick Notes

The document provides a quick revision guide for UGC NET Paper 1 on Logical Reasoning, covering key concepts such as the structure of arguments, types of reasoning, syllogisms, and common logical fallacies. It also includes a categorical proposition table and tips for exam preparation. Additionally, it touches on Indian logic and the use of Venn diagrams to represent logical relationships.

Uploaded by

Mahi Sanjay Panchal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UGC NET Paper 1: Logical Reasoning - Quick Revision Notes

1. Understanding the Structure of Arguments


Argument: A set of statements where some statements (premises) support another statement (conclusion).
Premise: A statement that provides support.
Conclusion: The statement being supported.

Example:
Premise: All mammals are warm-blooded.
Premise: All whales are mammals.
Conclusion: Therefore, all whales are warm-blooded.

2. Types of Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning: General to specific; if premises are true, conclusion must be true.
Example: All birds have feathers; a sparrow is a bird; therefore, a sparrow has feathers.

Inductive Reasoning: Specific to general; conclusion is probable.


Example: The sun has risen every day; therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

3. Categorical Propositions & Distribution

4. Square of Opposition
Represents logical relationships between A, E, I, O types: Contradictions, Contraries, Subcontraries, Subalternations.

5. Mood and Figure in Syllogisms


Mood: Types of propositions (A, E, I, O) in the syllogism.
Figure: Position of the middle term in the premises. There are 4 figures with valid combinations.

6. Venn Diagrams
Used to visually represent logical relationships.
Example: All A are B; All B are C; Therefore, All A are C.

7. Indian Logic (Nyaya Philosophy)


Pramanas (Means of Knowledge): Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda
(Testimony), Arthapatti (Postulation), Anupalabdhi (Non-apprehension).
UGC NET Paper 1: Logical Reasoning - Quick Revision Notes

Anumana types: Purvavat, Sheshavat, Samanyato Drishta.


Vyapti: Invariable concomitance.
Hetvabhasa: Fallacies in reasoning.

8. Common Logical Fallacies


Affirming the Consequent: If P then Q; Q is true; Therefore, P is true. (Invalid)
Denying the Antecedent: If P then Q; P is false; Therefore, Q is false. (Invalid)
Undistributed Middle: Middle term not distributed in either premise.

9. Analogies
Understanding relationships between word pairs.
Example: Hand is to glove as foot is to sock.

10. Tips for Exam Preparation


Practice PYQs regularly, manage time, ensure conceptual clarity, and take timed mock tests.

Categorical Proposition Table

Proposition Type Form Subject Distributed? Predicate Distributed?

A (Universal Affirmative) All S are P Yes No

E (Universal Negative) No S are P Yes Yes

I (Particular Affirmative) Some S are P No No

O (Particular Negative) Some S are not P No Yes

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